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CONSUMERISM
Consumerism, according to its textbook definition, is the human desire to own and obtain products and goods in excess of one's basic needs. Basic needs typically refer to having sufficient food, clothing and shelter.
The only real benefit of consumerism is to improve the economy. When a greater proportion of citizens buy goods and services in excess of their needs, they consume more, and that can create a cycle of demand leading to greater production and to greater employment.
However, the rise of consumerism has had a detrimental impact on the planet. For example, clothes and apparel from the fashion and textiles industries are made using extensive amounts of water, energy, chemicals and raw materials , all of which place heavy demands on Earth's natural resources.

IELTS Listening | Topic: Consumerism

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Right now, the biggest source of energy (nguồn năng lượng lớn nhất)  in the world is fossil fuel (nhiên liệu hóa thạch) . Fossil fuels are oil, gas, and coal (dầu, khí ga, và than) . More than 80 percent of the world's energy comes from fossil fuel. There are many problems with fossil fuel. One problem is that when fossil fuel is burned ( khi nhiên liệu hóa thạch bị đốt cháy) , it pollutes the air ( nó gây ô nhiễm không khí). Also, when we take fossil fuel from the Earth (khi chúng ta khai thác nhiên liệu hóa thạch) , we often cause a lot of damage (gây ra nhiều tác hại). Another problem is that we are running out of it (một vấn đề khác đó là chúng ta đang dần dần bị hết nhiên liệu hóa thạch) . That is why we need new sources of energy. A big source of energy for many countries is nuclear power (năng lượng hạt nhân).
Nuclear power has some advantages (có một số thuận lợi) . First of all, we can't run out of nuclear power ( chúng ta không bao giờ hết năng lượng hạt nhân) . Nuclear power does not make the air dirty (không làm ô nhiễm không khí) . However, there are also a lot of problems that come with nuclear power. For example, nuclear accidents are very serious ( tai nạn hạt nhân rất nghiêm trọng) . In 1986, there was a nuclear accident in Ukraine. In the next 20 years, about 4,000 people got sick and died.
Many people don't want nuclear power in their countries. They say that it is not safe (không an toàn) . A lot of people want their countries to use safer and cleaner ways to get electricity ( nhiều người muốn quốc gia của họ dùng những cách an toàn và sạch hơn để tạo ra điện) . There have been protests against nuclear energy (có nhiều sự phản đối chống lại năng lượng hạt nhân) in the United States, Russia, France, Taiwan, Japan, India, and many other countries.
Although many people hate nuclear energy, more and more countries are using it. One reason for this is that the world is using more and more energy. We just don't have enough fossil fuel. However, if we use nuclear power, then we may have more serious problems in the future (chúng ta có thể đối mặt với những vấn đề nghiêm trọng trong tương lai) .

Sources of energy

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VALENTINE’S DAY.
Valentine’s Day (Lễ tình nhân) is a holiday that people celebrate (ăn mừng, tổ chức) on February 14. It is also called (được gọi là) Saint Valentine’s Day.
The day is mostly (hầu hết) celebrated by people who are in love (những người đang yêu)  including couples (bao gồm các cặp đôi) that are married (đã kết hôn) or just dating (hoặc đang hẹn hò) . Children celebrate the day as well (trẻ con cũng ăn mừng ngày này) with cards of friendship (thiệp tình bạn) and candy.
What do people do to celebrate?
Couples generally (các cặp đôi thường) celebrate the day with gifts (món quà) and going out to dinner. Traditional gifts (những món quà truyền thống)  include (bao gồm)  cards, flowers, and chocolates. Decorations (trang trí)  for Valentine's Day are generally in red and pink colors and include hearts, Cupid with his arrow (thần tình yêu cupid và mũi tên) , and red roses (hoa hồng đỏ) . Cupid is a popular symbol (biểu tượng phổ biến)  of the holiday because in mythology (trong thần thoại)  his arrow strikes the heart of people (mũi tên của thần bắn vào tim mọi người) and causes them to fall in love (khiến họ yêu nhau).
Fun Facts About Valentine's Day

 Around 190 million cards are sent on this day, making it the second most popular holiday to send cards after Christmas (khiến nó trở thành ngày lễ phổ biến thứ 2 mà moi người gửi thiệp, đứng sau Giáng Sinh). 
 73% of flowers are purchased   by men. (73% hoa được mua được mua bởi đàn ông)
  Around 36 million heart shaped boxes of chocolate (hộp socola hình trái tim) will be given as gifts on Valentine's Day.
  Millions of pet owners (hàng triệu người nuôi thú cưng) buy gifts (mua quà)  for their pets (cho thú cưng của họ) on this day. 


Valentine's Day

TINNITUS (CHỨNG Ù TAI)
Tinnitus is when you experience (trải nghiệm, trải qua) ringing or other noises (tiếng ồn) in one or both of your ears. The noise you hear when you have tinnitus isn't caused (được gây ra) by an external sound (âm thanh bên ngoài), and other people usually can't hear it. Tinnitus is a common problem. It affects (ảnh hưởng) about 15% to 20% of people, and is especially common in older adults. (đặc biệt phổ biến với người lớn tuổi)
Tinnitus is usually caused by an underlying condition (những bệnh nền), such as age-related hearing loss (mất thính giác liên quan đến tuổi tác) , an ear injury (chấn thương tai) or a problem with the circulatory system (hệ tuần hoàn). For many people, tinnitus improves with treatment (chữa trị) of the underlying cause (nguyên nhân gốc) or with other treatments that reduce or mask the noise, making tinnitus less noticeable. (làm cho chứng ù tai bớt nghiêm trọng hơn)
Symptoms (dấu hiệu)
Tinnitus is most often described (thường được miêu tả như là) as a ringing (tiếng rung) in the ears, even though no external sound is present (mặc dù không có sự hiện diện của âm thanh bên ngoài). However, tinnitus can also cause other types of phantom noises in your ears, including:
· Buzzing
· Roaring
· Clicking
· Hissing
· Humming
Most people who have tinnitus have subjective tinnitus (chứng ù tai chủ quan) , or tinnitus that only you can hear (chỉ mình bạn mới nghe thấy). The noises of tinnitus (tiếng ồn của chứng ù tai) may vary in pitch (có thể khác nhau ở tần số) from a low roar (từ những âm thanh thấp)  to a high squeal (cho đến những tiếng xéo cao chói tai) , and you may hear it in one or both ears. In some cases (trong một số trường hợp) , the sound can be so loud it interferes (gây cản trở) with your ability to concentrate (khả năng tập trung) or hear external sounds. Tinnitus may be present all the time (chứng ù tai có thể hiện diện mọi lúc) , or it may come and go (hoặc cũng có thể đến tạm thời rồi biến mất).

Tinnitus [www.nguyencanhtuan.com]

Song credit: It's the way that you make me feel - Steps
Why do We Need to Sort Garbage
In the U.S., the average person generates about 7 pounds of trash every day and over a ton of trash every year.   The amount of garbage we generate has tripled since the 1960s but most of that trash doesn’t need to end up in the landfill.  In fact, some estimates show that 75% of trash is actually recyclable but to recycle, we need to sort that garbage.
Landfill
Anything that goes into your garbage can usually ends up in the landfill.  There are more than 3,000 landfills in the U.S. and three times that many that have already filled up.   Landfills are also major producers of methane gas – a greenhouse gas that can be deadly when inhaled and presents a fire hazard or even a potential for explosion.
Food waste
Up to 25% of the food in the U.S. is thrown away, uneaten.  Whether it is due to preparing too much or buying too much, we throw out 21.5 million tons of food every year.  A lot of that food – even if spoiled - is a lot better in the compost pile than it is in the garbage can.  You get great fertilizer and don’t take up space in the landfill.
Carbon footprint
In addition to the methane produced by the landfill, sorting your garbage reduces your carbon footprint by other ways.  Recycling materials like paper, reduces the fuel and electricity needed to harvest, transport and process the wood – paper can be recycled up to 4 times.
Cost
Dealing with trash is costly and many communities spend more on trash processing than they do on fire protection, parks and libraries.  Sorting your garbage helps reduce the amount of trash that needs processing.  It also helps to keep the trash where it belongs so it doesn’t end up as litter.  This can reduce the amount of money your community spends on garbage services and even litter collection.

Why we need to sort garbage

How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie is a self-help classic ( cuốn sách tự lực kinh điển) that reads as a life manual (cẩm nang cuộc sống). The core idea (nội dung cốt lõi) is that you can change other people’s behavior (hành vi) simply by changing your own. It teaches you the principles (nguyên tắc) to better understand people, become a more likable person (người dễ mến) , improve relationships, win others over (chiếm cảm tình của người khác) , and influence behavior through leadership.
Six Ways to Make People Like You
Principle 1: Become genuinely interested in other people. (Nguyên tắc 1: Hãy thực sự hứng thú & quan tâm người khác)
If you only try to impress (gây ấn tượng) people and get them interested in you, you won’t have many true friends. Real friends are not made that way.
If you want to make friends, put yourself out to do things for other people – things that require time, energy, unselfishness, and thoughtfulness.
We are interested in others when they are interested in us.
Principle 2: Smile.
Actions speak louder than words (hành động thể hiện hơn lời nói), and a smile says, ‘I like you. You make me happy. I am glad to see you.’
You must have a good time meeting people if you expect them to have a good time meeting you.
Control your thoughts. Happiness depends on inner conditions, not outward ones. It isn’t what you have or who you are or where you are or what you are doing that makes you happy or unhappy. It is what you think about it.
Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill and brightens the lives of all who see it.
Principle 3: Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
The average person is more interested in his or her own name than in all the other names on earth put together.
A simple technique to memorize names:
1. If you don’t hear the name distinctly, ask the person to repeat it
2. For unusual names, ask for the spelling
3. Repeat the name several times during the conversation
4. Associate the name with the person’s features, expression, and general appearance
Principle 4: Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
To be a good conversationalist, be an attentive listener. To be interesting, be interested.
Ask questions that the other person will enjoy answering. Encourage them to talk about themselves and their accomplishments.
Remember people are a hundred times more interested in themselves and their wants and problems than they are in you and your problems. Think of that the next time you start a conversation.
Principle 5: Make the other person feel important – and do it sincerely.
There is one all-important law of human conduct: always make the other person feel important.
If we obey that law, we shall almost never get into trouble. In fact, that law, if obeyed, will bring us countless friends and constant happiness. But the very instant we break the law, we shall get into endless trouble.

IELTS Listening | Topic: Consumerism

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