Agustin Carstens leads the Bank for International Settlements or the BIS in his role as general manager and previously served as the governor of the Bank of Mexico. He also served as the deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund. Agustin joins David on Macro Musings to discuss the new BIS 2021 annual report. Specifically, David and Agustin discuss the macroeconomic developments of the past year, the distributional footprint of monetary policy, the evolving role of central banking, and the outlook for central bank digital currency (CBDC).   Transcript for the episode can be found  here.   Agustin’s BIS profile: https://www.bis.org/author/agust%C3%ADn_carstens.htm   Related Links:   *Annual Economic Report 2021* by the BIS https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2021e.htm   U.S. Monetary Policy and the Global Financial Cycle* by Silvia Miranda-Agrippino and Hélène Rey  https://academic.oup.com/restud/article/87/6/2754/5834728?login=true   David’s blog: macromarketmusings.blogspot.com David’s Twitter: @DavidBeckworth

Agustin Carstens on Central Banking in Emerging Markets, the Distributional Footprint of Monetary Policy, and Central Bank Digital Currency

Hosted by David Beckworth of the Mercatus Center, Macro Musings pulls back the curtain on the important macroeconomic issues of the past, present, and future.

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Saleha Mohsin is a senior Washington correspondent for Bloomberg News, where she covers policy, politics, and power in Washington, DC. Saleha is also the author of a new book titled, *Paper Soldiers: How the Weaponization of the Dollar Changed the World Order,* and she joins David on Macro Musings to talk about it. Specifically, David and Saleha also discuss the intelligence and enforcement tools of the US Treasury, the basics and importance of SWIFT, the effectiveness of US sanctions, and a lot more.   Transcript for this week’s  episode.   Saleha’s Twitter:  @SalehaMohsin Saleha’s Bloomberg archive   David Beckworth’s Twitter: @DavidBeckworth Follow us on Twitter: @Macro_Musings   Check out our new AI chatbot: the Macro Musebot! Join the new Macro Musings Discord server!   Join the Macro Musings mailing list! Check out our Macro Musings merch!   Related Links:    *Paper Soldiers: How the Weaponization of the Dollar Changed the World Order* by Saleha Mohsin   *The Big Take* hosted by Saleha Mohsin   Timestamps:   (00:00:00) – Intro   (00:03:43) – The Weaponization of the Dollar on the Global Stage   (00:08:55) – The Intelligence and Enforcement Tools of the US Treasury Department   (00:13:10) – Breaking Down SWIFT and Its Importance   (00:18:27) – Sanctioning Russian Oligarchs   (00:22:42) – The Importance and Significance of Robert Rubin   (00:25:29) – The George W. Bush of the Treasury Department   (00:37:42) – Breaking Down the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action   (00:41:06) – The Trump Administration, China, and the Rise of Populism   (00:45:30) – Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Russia Sanctions   (00:51:18) – Threats to the US in the Future    (00:52:48) – Outro

Saleha Mohsin on *Paper Soldiers: How the Weaponization of the Dollar Changed the World Order*

Josh Hendrickson is the chair of the department of economics at the University of Mississippi and is the author of a new paper that looks at dollar dominance through the broad historical perspective of what is called the “Treasury Standard.” Josh is also a returning guest to Macro Musings, and he rejoins the podcast to talk about this paper and the Treasury Standard concept. David and Josh also discuss the state’s monopoly over money, the path to global dollar dominance, the path dependency of the dollar system, and a lot more.   Transcript for this week’s  episode.   Josh’s Twitter:  @RebelEconProf Josh’s Ole Miss profile Josh’s joint Substack   David Beckworth’s Twitter: @DavidBeckworth Follow us on Twitter: @Macro_Musings   Join the Macro Musings mailing list! Check out our Macro Musings merch!   Related Links:   *The Treasury Standard: Causes and Consequences* by Joshua Hendrickson    *If Things Are So Great, Why Don’t People Think So?* by Josh Hendrickson    *The Cost of Money is Part of the Cost of Living: New Evidence on the Consumer Sentiment Anomaly* by Marijn Bolhuis, Judd Cramer, Karl Schulz, and Lawrence Summers    *On a Correct Measure of Inflation* by Armen Alchian and Benjamin Klein

Josh Hendrickson on the Treasury Standard and Global Dollar Dominance

Julia Coronado is the president and founder of MacroPolicy Perspectives, a Wall Street research firm. Julia was also recently the president of the National Association of Business Economists, and she has served as an economist on Wall Street and at the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. Julia is also a returning guest to Macro Musings, and she rejoins the podcast to talk about the prospects of a productivity surge, the Fed’s journey to a soft landing, the state of the commercial real estate market, and more.   Transcript for this week’s  episode.   Julia’s Twitter:  @jc_econ Julia’s MacroPolicy Perspectives profile   David Beckworth’s Twitter: @DavidBeckworth Follow us on Twitter: @Macro_Musings   Join the Macro Musings mailing list! Check out our Macro Musings merch!

Julia Coronado on Productivity, Commercial Real Estate, and the Fed’s Soft Landing

Isabel Schnabel is a Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, and she joins David on Macro Musings to talk about the ECB and its new operational framework. Specifically, David and Isabel also discuss the structure, operations, and monetary policy instruments of the ECB, the history of its operating framework, the details surrounding its new regime, and more.   Transcript for this week's  episode.   Isabel’s Twitter: @Isabel_Schnabel Isabel’s ECB profile   David Beckworth’s Twitter: @DavidBeckworth Follow us on Twitter: @Macro_Musings   Join the Macro Musings mailing list! Check out our Macro Musings merch!   Related Links:    *The Eurosystem’s Operational Framework* - Speech by Isabel Schnabel at the Money Market Contact Group meeting    Slides for *The Eurosystem’s Operational Framework* by Isabel Schnabel    *Back to Normal?* Balance Sheet Size and Interest Rate Control* - Speech by Isabel Schnabel at an event organized by Columbia University and SGH Macro Advisors     Slides for *Back to Normal? Balance Sheet Size and Interest Rate Control* by Isabel Schnabel

Isabel Schnabel on the ECB and its New Operational Framework

Andy Levin is a professor of economics at Dartmouth University and a former senior staffer at the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. Christina Parajon Skinner is a legal scholar at the University of Pennsylvania and formerly was legal counsel to the Bank of England. Andy and Christina have co-authored a new article titled, *Central Bank Undersight: Assessing the Fed’s Accountability to Congress,* and they rejoin David on Macro Musings to talk about it. Specifically, they discuss the Fed’s power under a constitutional authority, the three sources of Fed undersight, proposals for reform, and more.   Transcript for this week’s  episode.   Andrew’s Twitter: @andrewtlevin Andrew’s Dartmouth profile   Christina’s Twitter: @CParaSkinner Christina’s UPenn profile   David Beckworth’s Twitter: @DavidBeckworth Follow us on Twitter: @Macro_Musings   Join the Macro Musings mailing list! Check out our Macro Musings merch!   Related Links:    *Central Bank Undersight: Assessing the Fed’s Accountability to Congress* by Andrew Levin and Christina Parajon Skinner     *Andrew Levin on the Costs and Benefits of QE4 and the Future of the Fed’s Balance Sheet* by Macro Musings

Agustin Carstens on Central Banking in Emerging Markets, the Distributional Footprint of Monetary Policy, and Central Bank Digital Currency

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