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Dr. Villarroel’s analysis of mid-20th century astronomical photographic plates found statistically significant, sunlight-dependent transients, brief pinpoint flashes that behave like sun-lit objects rather than emulsion defects. Critics called them scratches and processing flaws. Villarroel and her team methodically excluded that explanation, showing that the signatures appear on otherwise pristine plates, and that a short bright flash renders differently in long exposures than a distant star. The plates correlate with some of the most credible mass sightings of the era, forcing a hard question: did physical, reflective objects occupy Earth’s vicinity in the 1950s?

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