We discuss high-yield thyroid topics, to include: hyperthyroidism, Grave's disease, toxic multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, workup of the palpable thyroid nodule, and thyroid cancer (papillary vs. follicular vs. medullary). 

BTK ABSITE #2: Thyroid

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Can appendicitis wait until the morning? Join Drs. Ashlie Nadler, Jordan Nantais, Graham Skelhorne-Gross, and Marika Sevigny from our Emergency General Surgery Team as they discuss the role of deferring appendectomies from overnight to the next morning.



Paper 1: Patel SV, Zhang L, Mir ZM, Lemke M, Leeper WR, Allen LJ, Walser E, Vogt K. Delayed Versus Early Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Adult Patients With Acute Appendicitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Surg. 2024 Jan 1;279(1):88-93.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37436871/



-Non-inferiority randomized controlled trial comparing delayed appendectomy group with surgery taking place after 0600 the morning following a decision to operate versus the immediate appendectomy group with surgery taking place between 8pm and 4am and within 6 hours of a decision to operate



-A priori non-inferiority margin of 15% for 30-day complications



-Intention-to-treat analysis with risk difference -12% in favor of the delayed group (p < 0.001)



-Superiority as on per protocol analysis



-Underpowered at 91% due to early closure of study due to loss of reliable day time emergency triage operating time



Paper 2: Jalava K, Sallinen V, Lampela H, Malmi H, Steinholt I, Augestad KM, Leppäniemi A, Mentula P. Role of preoperative in-hospital delay on appendiceal perforation while awaiting appendicectomy (PERFECT): a Nordic, pragmatic, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2023 Oct 28;402(10412):1552-1561.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37717589/



-Non-inferiority randomized controlled trial comparing appendectomy within 8 hours versus 24 hours



-No difference in rate of perforation on intention-to-treat or per protocol analyses



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Journal Review in Emergency General Surgery: Appendicitis

Before 1952, open heart surgery was considered science fiction. The heart was off limits to surgeons despite more than half a million Americans dying annually from heart disease. Doing nothing was the strategy. However, the status quo would soon change thanks to a few brave and imaginative surgeons who dared to break the most rigid of medical taboos: Do not touch the human heart. We sat down with Dr. Gerald Imber, author of the new book “Cardiac Cowboys: The Heroic Invention of Heart Surgery” to discuss how five men raced to invent an entirely new field of surgery. 



Guests:

Jessica Millar, MD- General Surgery Resident- University of Michigan; Education Fellow- Behind the Knife 

 Nick Teman, MD- Associate Professor of Cardiac Surgery and Critical Care- University of Virginia 

Gerald Imber- Assistant Clinical Professor of Plastic surgery at the Weill-Cornell Medical Center, Attending Surgeon at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and Director of a private clinic in New York City, NY; Author of “Wendell Black, MD”, “Genius on the Edge: The Bizarre Double Life of Dr. William Stewart Halsted”, and “Cardiac Cowboys: The Heroic Invention of Heart Surgery”. 



Want to hear more from Dr. Imber- be sure to check out his podcast series, Cardiac Cowboys, based on Dr. Imber’s book. You can listen to an introduction of the Cardiac Cowboys series here: https://shorturl.at/rKLM8



Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  



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Cardiac Cowboys: The Heroic Invention of Heart Surgery

Join Drs. Galandiuk, Bolshinsky, Kavalukas, and Simon as they discuss Management of Advanced and Malignant Polyps.  Come with us as we navigate through sessile serrated lesions, pathology reports, and rectal polyp nuances. 



Hosts: 

- Susan Galandiuk, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, @DCREdInChief

- Vladimir Bolshinsky, Peninsula Health, Victoria, Australia, @bolshinskyv

- Sandy Kavalukas, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, @sandykava

- Hillary Simon, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, @HillaryLSimon



Producer: 

- Manasa Sunkara MS3, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, @manasasunkara12



Learning objectives: 

- Review colorectal cancer screening for the average risk patient.

- Understand what a malignant polyp is defined as and management strategies. 

- Discuss the pathology review and re-review processes. 



References: 

- Church J, et al. Keeping the Cecum Clean: A Randomized, Prospective, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Loperamide as Part of Preparation for Colonoscopy. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 56(1):p 120-125, January 2013.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23222289/

- Fan C, et al. Management of Serrated Polyps of the Colon. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 16(1):182-202, March 2018.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29445907/

- Gupta S, et al. Recommendations for Follow-Up After Colonoscopy and Polypectomy: A Consensus Update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 115(3): 415-434, March 2020.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32039982/ 

- Hyman N, Waye JD. Endoscopic four quadrant tattoo for the identification of colonic lesions at surgery. Gastrointest Endosc 37:56–58, 1991.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1706283/ 

- Kaltenbach T, et al. Endoscopic Removal of Colorectal Lesions—Recommendations by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 91(3): 486-519, March 2020.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32067745/

- Keswani R, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Strategies to Improve Quality of Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopy: Expert Review. Gastroenterology, 161(2): 701 – 711, Aug 2021.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34334168/

- Shaukat A, et al. Endoscopic Recognition and Management Strategies for Malignant Colorectal Polyps: Recommendations of the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology, 159(5): 1916 - 1934.e2, Nov 2020.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33159840/



Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  



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Clinical Challenges in Colorectal Surgery: Management of Advanced and Malignant Polyps

Join for the third episodes in the Association of Out Surgeons & Allies (AOSA) series for a discussion on LGBTQIA+ healthcare providers and their patients.  



Host: 

Nina Clark, MD 



Guests: 

- Andrew Schlussel, DO, Colorectal and General Surgeon, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center

- Dr. James Taylor, Assistant Professor of Colorectal Surgery at Montefiore Medical Center

- Dr. Alex Bonte, General Surgery PGY4 at Hackensack University Medical Center in Hackensack NJ. 

- Dr. Paige Tannhauser, General Surgery PGY3 (completed) at Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh PA, and currently finishing up a post-doctoral research fellowship at the University of Virginia.



Learn more and get involved with AOSA: https://www.outsurgeons.org

Twitter/X: @OutSurgeons



Resources Mentioned This Episode: 



"Gender Unicorn" schema for terminology: https://transstudent.org/gender/



LGBTQ Healthcare Directory: https://lgbtqhealthcaredirectory.org/



CDC Recommendations in LGBTQ Health: https://www.cdc.gov/lgbthealth/index.htm



WPATH Resources: https://www.wpath.org/ 



Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  



If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listen/


Association of Out Surgeons & Allies (AOSA) - Episode 3: LGBTQ+ Healthcare

Listen to another episode by the Hernia Team from Carolinas Medical Center as they discuss their approach to open preperitoneal ventral hernia repair. Although uncommonly performed, a preperitoneal approach offers several advantages including the ability to achieve large mesh overlap without the need for myofascial release. The team discusses their tips and tricks for utilizing the preperitoneal space in even the most challenging hernia cases. 



Hosts:

- Dr. Sullivan “Sully” Ayuso, Chief Resident, Carolinas Medical Center, @SAyusoMD (Twitter)

- Dr. Todd Heniford, Chief of GI & MIS, Carolinas Medical Center, @THeniford (Twitter)

- Dr. Vedra Augenstein, Professor of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, @VedraAugenstein (Twitter)

- Dr. Monica Polcz, Attending Surgeon, Baptist Health (Miami, FL) 



Learning Objectives:

- Review standard methods of herniorraphy in open abdominal wall reconstruction

- Introduce the concept of open preperitoneal ventral hernia repair

- Discuss the advantages as well as the standard tips and tricks for performing an open preperitoneal repair

- Review outcomes for preperitoneal hernia repair over time



Podcast Video Clip:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pMvB0rnokQ



References:

- Novitsky et al, Open Preperitoneal Retrofascial Mesh Repair for Multiply Recurrent Ventral Incisional Hernias, JACS, 2006

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36280505/ 



- Heniford et al, Preperitoneal Ventral Hernia Repair: A Decade Long Prospective Observational Study with Analysis of 1023 Patient Outcomes, Annals of Surgery, 2020

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30080725/ 



- Katzen et al, Open Preperitoneal Ventral Hernia Repair: Prospective Observational Outcomes of Quality Improvement Outcomes Over 18 Years and 1,842 Patients, Surgery, 2023 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36280505/ 



Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  



If you liked this episode, check out other recent episodes here:

https://app.behindtheknife.org/listen


BTK ABSITE #2: Thyroid

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