In this episode, we review carotid artery disease, a major cause of ischemic stroke resulting from atherosclerotic narrowing of the carotid arteries. We break down the pathophysiology of plaque buildup, luminal stenosis, and embolization, and discuss key risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, and advanced age. The episode highlights the often silent progression of disease and classic warning signs such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), amaurosis fugax, and focal neurologic deficits. We also cover essential diagnostic approaches, including carotid duplex ultrasound as the first-line test, and review management strategies ranging from aggressive medical therapy to procedural interventions like carotid endarterectomy and stenting for high-risk patients.

References

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