Contributor(s): Professor Michel Wieviorka | Evil has dramatically changed in modern Europe. The turning point was the mid-eighties. Terrorism, anti-Semitism, racism and nationalism are not as they were in the recent past and their renewal poses a formidable threat. Michel Wieviorka (@MichelWieviorka) is professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales and president of the Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme. Maurice Fraser is Head of the European Institute and Professor of Practice in European Politics. The LSE European Institute (@LSEEI) was established in 1991 as a dedicated centre for the interdisciplinary study of processes of integration and fragmentation within Europe. In the most recent national Research Excellence Framework (REF 2014) the Institute was ranked first for research in its sector.