In this episode, we review abdominal and groin hernias, including inguinal (direct and indirect), femoral, umbilical, and incisional types. We break down the pathophysiology of fascial defects leading to organ protrusion, key risk factors such as heavy lifting and prior surgery, and the clinical distinction between reducible, incarcerated, and strangulated hernias. The discussion highlights hallmark exam findings, when imaging is helpful, and clear indications for urgent surgical referral. A high-yield, clinically focused review designed to help clinicians recognize complications early and manage hernias appropriately in both outpatient and emergent settings.

References

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