One of the themes that runs through James 5 is trouble. We meet poor people deprived of their wages (James 5:4), as well as people who are physically afflicted (James 5:13–16), and spiritually backslidden (James 5:19–20). A second theme that James introduced is prayer. The poor laborers cry out to God (James 5:4). The sick and afflicted should pray (James 5:13–16). He cited Elijah as an example of one who believed in prayer (James 5:17–18).

James continued his opposition to self-centered merchants who seem to succeed in their business plans and not only turn a profit but are considered rich with their hoarded wealth. This hoarding of wealth, James declared it was misused and wasteful. Spiritual growth is found in sharing, not hoarding, possessions. To those who may have been the victims of the heartless conduct of the rich, or who may have been tempted to turn to similar shortsighted goals, James recommended patience. Finally, to all believers, whether blessed, burdened, or backslidden, James appealed for praise, prayer, and persuasion.