In this episode, we provide a high-yield orthopedic review of common lower extremity soft-tissue injuries, focusing on mechanisms of injury, key physical exam findings, and first-line management. We cover common conditions such as hamstring strains, knee ligament injuries (ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL), extensor mechanism ruptures, ankle sprains, Achilles tendon rupture, shin splints, and plantar fasciitis. The discussion highlights classic diagnostic exam maneuvers including the Lachman test, posterior drawer test, squeeze test, and Thompson test, along with red-flag conditions like compartment syndrome, an orthopedic emergency requiring immediate intervention.

References

1. Bushardt RL, Colomb-Lippa DM, Klinger AM, Reed H. The JAAPA QRS Review for PAs: Study Plan and Guide for PANCE and PANRE. 1st ed. LWW; 2021. ISBN: 9781975143817.
2. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Diseases & conditions. OrthoInfo. Accessed March 9, 2026. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/