In this episode, we review osteoporosis, a common metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk due to an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. We discuss key risk factors such as aging, postmenopausal estrogen loss, low BMI, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle, along with the epidemiology showing that 1 in 2 women and 1 in 5 men over age 50 will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture. The episode highlights the often silent progression of the disease until fractures occur, as well as classic clinical findings such as height loss, kyphosis, and fragility fractures. We also review diagnostic tools including DEXA scans, T-scores, and FRAX fracture risk assessment, and discuss treatment options such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and anabolic therapies like teriparatide. Finally, we cover prevention strategies including weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and routine screening to reduce fracture risk and maintain bone health.

References

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