Richard Karp is a professor at Berkeley and one of the most important figures in the history of theoretical computer science. In 1985, he received the Turing Award for his research in the theory of algorithms, including the development of the Edmonds–Karp algorithm for solving the maximum flow problem on networks, Hopcroft–Karp algorithm for finding maximum cardinality matchings in bipartite graphs, and his landmark paper in complexity theory called "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", in which he proved 21 problems to be NP-complete. This paper was probably the most important catalyst in the explosion of interest in the study of NP-completeness and the P vs NP problem.

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Here's the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

OUTLINE:
00:00 - Introduction
03:50 - Geometry
09:46 - Visualizing an algorithm
13:00 - A beautiful algorithm
18:06 - Don Knuth and geeks
22:06 - Early days of computers
25:53 - Turing Test
30:05 - Consciousness
33:22 - Combinatorial algorithms
37:42 - Edmonds-Karp algorithm
40:22 - Algorithmic complexity
50:25 - P=NP
54:25 - NP-Complete problems
1:10:29 - Proving P=NP
1:12:57 - Stable marriage problem
1:20:32 - Randomized algorithms
1:33:23 - Can a hard problem be easy in practice?
1:43:57 - Open problems in theoretical computer science
1:46:21 - A strange idea in complexity theory
1:50:49 - Machine learning
1:56:26 - Bioinformatics
2:00:37 - Memory of Richard's father

#111 – Richard Karp: Algorithms and Computational Complexity

Conversations about science, technology, history, philosophy and the nature of intelligence, consciousness, love, and power. Lex is an AI researcher at MIT and beyond.

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Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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OUTLINE:
Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) - Introduction
(11:03) - General relativity
(23:22) - Black holes
(28:11) - Hawking radiation
(32:19) - Aliens
(41:15) - Holographic principle
(1:05:38) - Dark energy
(1:11:38) - Dark matter
(1:20:34) - Quantum mechanics
(1:41:56) - Simulation
(1:44:18) - AGI
(1:58:42) - Complexity
(2:11:25) - Consciousness
(2:20:32) - Naturalism
(2:24:49) - Limits of science
(2:29:34) - Mindscape podcast
(2:39:29) - Einstein

#428 – Sean Carroll: General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Black Holes & Aliens

Neil Adams is a judo world champion, 2-time Olympic silver medalist, 5-time European champion, and often referred to as the Voice of Judo. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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OUTLINE:
Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) - Introduction
(09:13) - 1980 Olympics
(26:35) - Judo explained
(34:40) - Winning
(52:54) - 1984 Olympics
(1:01:55) - Lessons from losing
(1:17:37) - Teddy Riner
(1:37:12) - Training in Japan
(1:52:51) - Jiu jitsu
(2:03:59) - Training
(2:27:18) - Advice for beginners

#427 – Neil Adams: Judo, Olympics, Winning, Losing, and the Champion Mindset

Edward Gibson is a psycholinguistics professor at MIT and heads the MIT Language Lab. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/edward-gibson-transcript

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OUTLINE:
Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) - Introduction
(10:53) - Human language
(14:59) - Generalizations in language
(20:46) - Dependency grammar
(30:45) - Morphology
(39:20) - Evolution of languages
(42:40) - Noam Chomsky
(1:26:46) - Thinking and language
(1:40:16) - LLMs
(1:53:14) - Center embedding
(2:19:42) - Learning a new language
(2:23:34) - Nature vs nurture
(2:30:10) - Culture and language
(2:44:38) - Universal language
(2:49:01) - Language translation
(2:52:16) - Animal communication

#426 – Edward Gibson: Human Language, Psycholinguistics, Syntax, Grammar & LLMs

Andrew Callaghan is the host of Channel 5 on YouTube, where he does street interviews with fascinating humans at the edges of society, the so-called vagrants, vagabonds, runaways, outlaws, from QAnon adherents to Phish heads to O Block residents and much more. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/andrew-callaghan-transcript

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OUTLINE:
Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) - Introduction
(08:53) - Walmart
(10:24) - Early life
(29:14) - Hitchhiking
(40:49) - Couch surfing
(49:50) - Quarter Confessions
(1:07:33) - Burning Man
(1:22:44) - Protests
(1:28:17) - Jon Stewart
(1:31:13) - Fame
(1:44:31) - Jan 6
(1:48:15) - QAnon
(1:54:00) - Alex Jones
(2:10:52) - Politics
(2:20:29) - Response to allegations
(2:37:28) - Channel 5
(2:43:04) - Rap
(2:44:51) - O Block
(2:48:47) - Crip Mac
(2:51:59) - Aliens

#425 – Andrew Callaghan: Channel 5, Gonzo, QAnon, O-Block, Politics & Alex Jones

Bassem Youssef is an Egyptian-American comedian & satirist, referred to as the Jon Stewart of the Arab World. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/bassem-youssef-transcript

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OUTLINE:
Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) - Introduction
(06:30) - Oct 7
(36:59) - Two-state solution
(52:37) - Holocaust
(1:00:24) - 1948
(1:09:17) - Egypt
(1:23:39) - Jon Stewart
(1:25:51) - Going viral during the Arab Spring
(1:49:55) - Arabic vs English
(2:02:18) - Sam Harris and Jihad
(2:07:25) - Religion
(2:26:37) - TikTok
(2:31:10) - Joe Rogan
(2:33:07) - Joe Biden
(2:37:33) - Putin
(2:39:21) - War
(2:44:17) - Hope

#111 – Richard Karp: Algorithms and Computational Complexity

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