In this episode of STRAT, retired Marine Intelligence Officer Hal Kempfer cuts through the heated political rhetoric to explore the real legal and historical foundations of federalizing the National Guard. From the Bonus Army march of 1932 to post-9/11 airport security, from the civil rights era to protests in Washington, D.C., federalized forces have long played a role in maintaining order and protecting federal interests. We examine key cases where presidents deployed the Guard, the constitutional limits of state sovereignty, and the legal framework of Posse Comitatus and the Insurrection Act. We also discuss how federal troops have historically supported civil missions, from firefighting and disaster response to protecting federal facilities. While controversial, deploying federalized National Guard units is not unconstitutional—and understanding what they can and cannot do is vital to an informed debate about today’s challenges in cities like Chicago and New York.

Takeaways:

• Federalizing the National Guard is constitutional and historically precedented.
• Key deployments include post-Rodney King Los Angeles, 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, and D.C. protests in 2020.
• Civil rights confrontations in the 1960s highlight the federal role in protecting individual rights.
• States’ rights under the 10th Amendment have legal limits when federal authority is at stake.
• Posse Comitatus restricts federal troops from direct law enforcement, but exceptions exist.
• Washington D.C. presents unique challenges since it lacks state-level authority.
• The Guard and military excel at intelligence, logistics, and supporting federal agencies.
• Military support extends beyond security, including firefighting, disaster relief, and infrastructure.

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