In "The Birth of Markets in Human History," Penny Powers takes listeners on a captivating journey from ancient bartering systems to the first global trading networks. Discover how Mesopotamian merchants created the first written contracts, how Egyptian granaries functioned as early commodity exchanges, and how medieval guilds established commercial standards across continents. From the Greek agora to the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, explore how markets have shaped human civilization and how many modern financial innovations have surprising historical roots. This episode reveals markets not just as economic mechanisms but as sophisticated social technologies that have connected diverse communities across millennia.

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