Ephesians 6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right...
We are continuing our Relationship Goals by looking at the relationship between parents and children! Paul didn't merely adopt the society's instructions to these groups; rather, he undergirded each of these admonitions with theological motivations. In addition, and unlike most household codes of the time, Paul addressed the subordinates directly and not just their privileged superiors. They were full participants in the community and would have heard this whole letter being read publicly. Children are told to obey as unto the Lord. That children were called to submit was a given in that culture, but for him, it was "right" because of their understanding of Jesus.
Children would also include the adults and how they were to relate to their older parents because a father would normally maintain some semblance of authority until he was around sixty years old. So it wasn't just for the children of young age that were called to submit; Paul was reminding the whole congregation that they were all supposed to submit to one another.
The Greek word for "fathers" in verse 4 could mean parents, but it more than likely was just for fathers for they had legal control of children and were responsible for their instruction until the age of seven. Girls didn't receive formal education but were taught household duties. It is significant that Paul wrote "children" instead of just boys because girls were valued less in the ancient world, but Paul did not and could not accept such a limitation.
There's a bunch more that we will talk about in how parents and children relate to one another!