The Peter Attia Drive

#44 - Jeremy Schaap, ESPN journalist: upsets, doping, triumphs, and the importance of sports

In this episode, Jeremy Schaap, preeminent journalist at ESPN, discusses two of the most incredible upsets in boxing history, both of which Jeremy has expertly covered during his illustrious career, most recently culminating in the 30 for 30 special, 42 to 1. We also discuss his infamous Bobby Knight interview, his coverage of the doping scandals in baseball and cycling, as well as the pressures of following in his father’s enormous footsteps who taught him the importance of fairness in journalism. Additionally, we discuss the deeper meaning of sports, what it teaches us, and how he uses sports as a platform to bring light to greater societal issues.    We discuss: Jeremy and Peter’s shared obsession with boxing history [5:15]; Cinderella Man: The incredible upset of Max Baer by James Braddock, and the rise of the great Joe Louis [9:00]; 42 to 1: Buster Douglas beats Mike Tyson for one of the most unlikely upsets in the history of sports [23:30]; Contrasting fighting styles from “destroyers” to “artists”, and comparing the auras of the all-time greats [36:30]; Mike Tyson’s take on the Douglas fight, what went wrong for Buster Douglas following his victory, and other incredible upsets in sports history [45:30]; Ranking the greatest boxers since the 1960s [54:00]; Jeremy’s famous Bobby Knight interview: A career defining moment [57:00]; The pressures of following his father’s career path, and what it means to be a fair journalist [1:01:30]; The meaning of sports: how it brings us together and gives us a platform for bigger discussions [1:11:00]; Jeremy’s biggest regret in reporting, the 1998 home run chase, and the doping scandals of baseball and cycling [1:17:30]; The biggest and most underreported stories in sports [1:26:45]; Best 30 for 30 episodes: Jeremy and Peter pick their favorites [1:31:30]; Baseball: Steroids and the hall of fame [1:34:30]; Final thoughts on what makes sports so special [1:37:45]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#42 - Avrum Bluming, M.D., and Carol Tavris, Ph.D.: Controversial topic affecting all women—the role of hormone replacement therapy through menopause and beyond—the compelling case for long-term HRT a

In this episode, Avrum Bluming, hematologist, medical oncologist, and emeritus clinical professor at USC and Carol Tavris, social psychologist and author of Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me), discuss their collaboration on their recent book, Estrogen Matters. Their book takes on the very polarizing and confusing topic of hormone replacement therapy for women suffering with symptoms of menopause. In many ways, the story and history of HRT is in striking parallel to the bad science that led up to the dietary guidelines being set forth in 1980. Carol and Avrum make a compelling case that most women benefit greatly from being on postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, and can do so without increasing their risk of breast cancer. We also cover the history of HRT, the impact of the Women's Health Initiative, and take a deep dive into each of the clinical conditions for which HRT should be considered, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and osteoporosis, to name a few. We discuss: The background of Carol and Avrum, and the impetus for writing Estrogen Matters [8:45]; The sad early history of hormone replacement therapy, treatments for prostate and breast cancer, and the difference between the treatment of women vs. men [14:00]; What hormones do, and why they drop off rapidly in women compared to gradually in men [20:15]; Mistreatment of women leading to great skepticism [23:45]; Breast cancer vs heart disease: Comparing the incidence and mortality in women [27:00]; Case studies of women suffering symptoms of menopause [30:00]; What are Carol and Avrum’s true motivations in this endeavor? [32:45]; The changing perceptions of HRT, the impact of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), and the problems with the WHI [37:45]; Is this one big conspiracy? The uncanny resemblance of the story of HRT and how the dietary guidelines were created [46:00]; Why people (falsely) think estrogen causes a 25% increase in breast cancer, and a lesson in absolute vs. relative risk [57:15]; The truth about progesterone and cancer risk, and the best types of estrogen and progesterone to be taking [1:09:00]; The Women’s Health Initiative: the reported findings, walking back their bold claims, and their hesitance to admit they were wrong [1:17:45]; Brain benefits of HRT, Alzheimer’s disease in women, and estrogen as a preventative treatment for AD [1:22:45]; The impact of HRT on heart disease, the ideal time to start HRT, and the risks associated with HRT [1:26:45]; The benefits of estrogen on bone health, and the incidence and mortality of hip fractures [1:33:15]; Colon cancer: Can HRT reduce the risk of colon cancer? [1:38:15]; Diabetes: Can HRT reduce the risk of developing diabetes? [1:40:30]; The downsides of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) [1:41:30]; How to approach your doctor who may already have a very strong point of view about HRT [1:42:15]; What kind of research needs to be done to answer the remaining questions about the benefits and risks of HRT? [1:48:30]; Cancer: Our evolving understanding and the future of treatment [1:59:15]; Welcoming the critics: Avrum and Carol want to start a conversation [2:02:00]; Are there racial differences in benefits and risks with HRT? [2:04:15]; The reactions to Estrogen Matters, and why it is a must read [2:09:15]; HRT after a diagnosis of breast cancer [2:13:45]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#40 - Tom Catena, M.D.: The world’s most important doctor – to nearly a million patients – saving countless lives in the war-torn and remote villages of Sudan

In this episode, Tom Catena, a missionary physician who runs Mother of Mercy Hospital in the Nuba Mountains in Sudan, describes some of his extraordinary work as the only doctor in a remote, war-torn region of Africa. In terms of individual lives saved, you could argue that there is no other person on the front lines doing more than Tom. Additionally, we explore the manner in which the Nuba people die, which is in striking contrast the ubiquity of chronic disease and self-harm in the west, despite the extreme poverty and unimaginable suffering experienced by the Nuba people. Lastly, we discuss the lessons to be gleaned from the Nuba people, who despite their suffering, live so harmoniously, happily, and resiliently. To support Tom’s mission please visit www.amhf.us. We discuss: Background, medical training, and early days of missionary work in Africa [9:00]; Tom arrives at Mother of Mercy Hospital in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan, civil war breaks out, and his staff evacuates [15:45]; Learning surgery on the job and earning the trust of the community [40:45]; The amazing people of Nuba, and why Nuba feels like home to Tom [51:30]; NY Times article about Tom’s work, and Tom’s new venture on the board of Aurora Prize Foundation bringing awareness and funding to other missionaries doing great work [1:03:30]; Tom’s mind-blowing ability to deal with chaos while seeing hundreds of patients per day [1:15:45]; The most afraid Tom has ever been, and how he copes with the emotional trauma of his daily experiences [1:23:30]; The basic tools, technologies, and medicines that Tom is lacking that could save many lives [1:33:30]; The logistical challenge of helping Tom’s hospital, and what Tom really needs [1:39:15]; Diseases in the adult population [1:42:30]; Living without possessions, finding meaning, and being a missionary [1:59:30]; Sense of purpose, happiness, and suicide: Contrasting the US with Nuba [2:11:00]; Other than donations, is there a way people can help Tom and other similar causes? [2:19:15]; The food in Nuba [2:22:30]; Tom’s annual bout of malaria [2:27:30]; Patients that Tom will never forget [2:29:45]; Resources for people wanting to get involved in helping Tom’s work [2:34:45]; Peter tells a story that defines Tom [2:36:00]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#38 - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima, Ph.D.: Advancing Alzheimer’s disease treatment and prevention – is AD actually a vascular and metabolic disease?

In this episode, Francisco Gonzalez-Lima, a Professor of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Toxicology, explains the vascular hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease which says the central problem is a progressive neuronal energy crisis of impaired blood flow to the brain and impaired mitochondrial respiration. He walks us through the ways we can intervene in this process and also shares details of the exciting future of Alzheimer’s treatment and prevention. We discuss: Background and interest in the brain [5:15]; The unique nature of the human brain [9:15]; Why we’ve made so little progress in Alzheimer’s research [23:00]; The amyloid beta hypothesis [28:30]; Hypometabolism in the brain leading to cognitive decline [39:30]; Early signs of AD, and deciphering between age-related decline versus something pathologic [47:45]; The vascular hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease [54:00]; The relationship between mitochondria, cytochrome c oxidase, and Alzheimer’s disease [1:08:00]; Chronic inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase leads to chronic neurodegenerative disease [1:22:45]; Major risk factors for AD, head trauma, and other forms of dementia [1:33:45]; Methylene blue for treating and preventing neurodegeneration [1:38:15]; Current standard of care for AD, and the reasons for a lack of advancement [2:01:45]; Near infrared light as a targeted treatment for cognitive decline [2:05:30]; The ketogenic diet as a treatment and preventative measure [2:13:15]; Exciting future research coming from Francisco [2:13:00]; Methylene blue for traumatic brain injuries [2:25:15]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#36 - Eric Chehab, M.D.: Extending healthspan and preserving quality of life

In this episode, Dr. Eric Chehab, orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine specialist, explains the measures we can take to live better and maintain our physical health through exercise and the avoidance of common injuries that prove to be the downfall for many. He also provides valuable insight for those weighing their treatment options from physical therapy to surgery to stem cells.   We discuss: Favorite bands, musicians, and concerts [3:30]; Eric’s upbringing, biggest influences, college life, and teaching overseas [12:45]; Eric’s training, fellowship with the New York Giants, and the risk vs. reward of playing football [39:15]; The knee joint: common injuries, knee replacements, and proper exercise [1:00:00]; Best exercise for orthopedic health and bone density [1:10:00]; Most common injuries: knee, hip, shoulder, elbow, ankle, foot [1:20:45]; Physical therapy vs. surgery, and the meniscus surgery controversy [1:28:30]; PRP, stem cells, sham surgeries, and the placebo effect [1:41:00]; Back injuries: when does surgery make sense? [1:54:15]; How to find the right orthopedic surgeon for you [2:01:45]; How to cope with complications and maintain quality of life through adaptation [2:09:15]; Dr. Bukk Teef [2:26:45]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#34 - Sam Harris, Ph.D.: The transformative power of mindfulness

In this episode, Sam Harris, neuroscientist, author, and host of the Waking Up Podcast, walks us through the profound, yet practical, ways that meditation can transform our lives. Additionally, he helps to define the types of meditation and clarifies potential misconceptions with terms like happiness, pain, and suffering. We discuss: The transformative moment that led to Peter reaching out to Sam [3:45]; Comparing the two broad types of meditation, and Peter’s favorite meditation apps [7:45]; The pleasure of a concentrated mind, meditating with pain, and the difference between pain and suffering [13:15]; What it means to be happy, and how to break out of our default state [23:15]; The disease of distraction, why humans suffer, the limitation of happiness, and letting go of anger with mindfulness [31:00]; The challenge of learning mindfulness, the benefit of silent retreats, and Sam’s first experience in solitude as a teenager [54:15]; Sam’s life-altering experience with MDMA [1:03:00]; Mettā meditation a.k.a. loving-kindness, and the concept of ‘moral luck’ [1:14:00]; Overcoming grief and dread with meditation [1:34:45]; The wrong way to practice mindfulness, and the difference between Vipassana and Dzogchen [1:44:45]; Sam’s commitment to never lie, honesty in politics, and Sam’s viewpoint on the Trump phenomenon [2:06:00]; Teaching kids to be more mindful [2:18:30]; Sam’s current book projects, the consequences of a politically correct environment, and the potential of neuroscience to cure psychopathy [2:25:30]; How you can follow Sam’s work [2:39:00]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#32 - Siddhartha Mukherjee, M.D., Ph.D.: new frontiers in cancer therapy, medicine, and the writing process

In this episode, Siddhartha Mukherjee, oncologist, researcher, and author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book “The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer,” discusses his writing process, his thoughts about medicine, cancer, immunotherapy, and his recent collaboration on a study combining a ketogenic diet with a drug in mice that provided remarkable and encouraging results. We discuss: Sid’s background [5:00]; How Sid and Peter met [6:00]; Sid’s Pulitzer Prize-winning book: The Emperor of All Maladies [8:00]; Sid’s writing process: the tenets of writing [12:30]; Our struggle to find preventable, human, chemical carcinogens of substantial impact [23:30]; The three laws of medicine — Law #1: A strong intuition is much more powerful than a weak test [26:30]; Law #2 of medicine: “Normals” teach us rules; “outliers” teach us laws [32:00]; Law #3 of medicine: For every perfect medical experiment, there is a perfect human bias [35:00]; The excitement around immunotherapy [38:15]; The story of Gleevec [46:00]; How does the body's metabolic state affect cancer? [49:30]; Can a nutritional state be exploited and/or a drug sensitivity be exploited through a nutritional intervention? [52:00]; How does Sid balance his family, writing, research, laboratory, and patients? [1:00:30]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#30 - Thomas Seyfried, Ph.D.: Controversial discussion—cancer as a mitochondrial metabolic disease?

In this episode, Thomas Seyfried, a cancer researcher and professor of biology at Boston College, discusses a controversial view of cancer as a mitochondrial metabolic disease. Many topics related to the causes, treatments, and prevention of cancer are covered in this in-depth conversation. We discuss: How Tom got interested in cancer research [9:00]; Calorie-restricted ketogenic diets, fasting, and epileptic seizures [18:30]; Otto Warburg and the Warburg effect [30:45]; Germline mutations, somatic mutations, and no mutations [42:00]; Mitochondrial substrate level phosphorylation: Warburg’s missing link [51:30]; What is the structural defect in the mitochondria in cancer? [1:02:00]; Peter’s near-death experience with the insulin suppression test while in ketosis [1:06:30]; Insulin potentiation therapy and glutamine inhibition [1:13:15]; The macrophage fusion-hybrid theory of metastasis [1:39:30]; How are cancer cells growth dysregulated without a mutation? [1:47:00]; What is the dream clinical trial to test the hypothesis that we can reduce the death rates of cancer by 50%? [2:03:15]; How can the hypothesis be tested rigorously that structural abnormalities in the mitochondria impair respiration and lead to compensatory fermentation? [2:26:30]; Case studies of GBM survivors [2:32:45]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#28 - Mark and Chris Bell: steroids, powerlifting, addiction, diet, training, helping others, documentaries, and living your best life

In this episode, Mark and Chris Bell discuss their love of powerlifting, their unbelievable personal records, and what prompted the making of their now iconic film, Bigger, Stronger, Faster. They also very openly discuss steroid use, their tragic family history with addiction, the many inspirations that lead to their multifaceted success, and their dedication to having a positive impact on others in fitness and life. We discuss: The impact of Bigger, Stronger, Faster, how it got made, and how it challenged Peter’s set of beliefs regarding steroids [4:45]; Chris’s personal story of addiction and how he’s using his experience to help others [17:30]; Importance of sharing your struggle, and the danger of comparing yourself to others [28:00]; Early life, their love of pro wrestling and what motivated Brothers Bell to be great? [33:45]; How they got started lifting weights, powerlifting vs Olympic lifting, and personal records [43:30]; Lifting weights: the importance of challenging yourself, how to avoid injury, monitoring progress, and staying motivated [1:02:30]; Chris on how changing his diet changed his performance and life [1:09:15]; Best resources for those wanting to get started lifting weights effectively and safely [1:14:00]; Teaching kids strength training early in life, the negative impact of sitting and how we can minimize it [1:18:30]; Benefits of bodybuilding, Mark’s prep for his first competition, and the role of the ketogenic diet [1:27:15]; The steroid controversy: Mark’s use of them and Peter’s perspective [1:42:15]; Testosterone: Peter’s approach to improving it in patients, and the impact of sleep, cortisol, and statins on production [1:51:00]; Upcoming nutrition documentary [2:03:00]; Parting advice from Mark [2:05:00]; Kratom, a powerful plant with the potential to help opioid addiction and more [2:06:15]; The many resources and ways to follow Mark and Chris [2:07:45]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#26 - AMA #3: supplements, women’s health, patient care, and more

In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter answers a wide range of questions from readers and podcast listeners. Bob Kaplan, Peter’s head analyst, asks the questions. This also marks the first video release of the podcast. You can find it on YouTube (https://youtu.be/kzs7GgxR_FQ) and the website (peterattiamd.com/ama03). If you have any questions for the next AMA, please submit them to the AMA section on the website (peterattiamd.com). We discuss: What references ranges does Peter consider too broad on lab tests? [5:30]; What aspect of women’s health is the least studied/understood? [21:15]; What are your thoughts on fasting and ketosis for females? [31:30]; Advice for medical students and residents, how to get through it, and optimize their time while in med school [38:00]; What is Peter’s opinion on the best way to monetize a podcast to make it sustainable? [47:45]; What are you looking to achieve and monitor with your blood glucose monitor? [57:15]; Thoughts on lithium supplementation? [1:08:15]; Insights about berberine? [1:16:00]; Why does Peter take a baby aspirin? What does the science say? [1:19:20]; How do you use HR variability as a metric in your practice and/or in your own personal use? Sleep, pre/post exercise, pre/post eating, every morning readiness? [1:23:25]; With the emergence of “the coconut oil is pure poison” article, can you shed some light on saturated fat in the literature and the types of studies done specifically on coconut oil? [1:38:45]; Would you discuss the recent meta studies that claim that moderate carbohydrate intake may be best for health? [1:40:45]; What is the number one recommendation/habit you would suggest every person add to their daily regimen (besides physical activity) for wholesome health? [1:42:45]; What does it mean if your body has a harder time getting into ketosis via fasting than it used to (testing using a Precision Xtra)? [1:44:15]; Why are you taking Zetia and Lipitor? Are you mitigating risk based on your APOE4? Or is there something else going on? [1:46:10]; What will your book be about and what is the expected release date? [1:47:45]; What are your thoughts on nicotinamide riboside supplementation for longevity? [1:49:30]; Which brand of supplements have you found to be effective? [1:54:30]; Are you currently accepting new patients? And how do I find a ‘Peter Attia clone’ in my area? [1:56:20]; Bob’s personal experience with Peter as a doctor [1:58:45]; Can you tell us more about the latest and best of APOE4? [2:06:15]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook| Twitter| Instagram.

#24 - Tom Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part V of V: Lp(a), inflammation, oxLDL, remnants, and more

In this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. In Part V, Peter and Tom talk about inflammation, endothelial health, and oxidative stress as they pertain to cardiovascular disease, and our attempts to monitor them using biomarkers. They also discuss a couple of very important risk factors that too few people (and doctors) know about. Tom closes the five-part series with a tragic story about his good friend that is likely all-too-common for many practicing physicians, that both haunts and motivates Dr. Dayspring to learn as much as he can about the number one killer in the United States. We discuss:     Lp(a) [2:30];     Inflammation [17:15];     Oxidative stress markers: Lp-PLA2 and oxLDL [20:45];     Endothelial health markers: ADMA and SDMA [34:30];     Remnants [43:45];     Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) and apoC-III [55:30];     Red blood cells and cholesterol transport [1:07:45];     Tom's friend Earl [1:10:00];     Peter's friend JP [1:18:15]; and     More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#22 - Tom Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part III of V: HDL, reverse cholesterol transport, CETP inhibitors, and apolipoproteins

In this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. In Part III, Peter and Tom dig into HDL, why "reverse cholesterol transport" is a lot more nuanced than what most of us are taught, lipid transport, apolipoproteins, and more. In addition, this episode highlights the complexity of HDL and a discussion about the CETP inhibitor trials. We discuss: Reverse cholesterol transport [1:40]; Lipid transportation, apolipoproteins, VLDL, IDL, and LDL particles [11:00]; Remnant lipoproteins and apoC-III [16:45]; Particles having sex: lipid exchange [28:00]; Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) and CETP inhibitors [40:45]; 2006 CETP inhibitor trial: torcetrapib (Pfizer) [54:45]; 2012 CETP inhibitor trial: dalcetrapib (Hoffmann–La Roche) [56:15]; 2017 CETP inhibitor trials: evacetrapib (Eli Lilly) and anacetrapib (Merck) [58:00]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#20 - Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part I of V: an introduction to lipidology

In this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. Part I serves as an introduction to Tom, his work, and an overview of lipid terminology. We discuss: Tom’s recent and remarkable physical transformation [6:30]; The moving stories behind Tom’s obsessions: firefighting, hockey, and, of course, lipids [20:30]; Tom’s medical background [39:30]; Producing some of the most accessible diagrams on lipids [50:00]; What are the different kinds of lipids, what do they do, and how are they transported? [57:15]; and More.   Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#18 - Richard Isaacson, M.D.: Alzheimer’s prevention

In this episode, Richard Isaacson, a neurologist and director of the Alzheimer’s Prevention Clinic at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian, discusses strategies for staving off Alzheimer’s disease. Richard shares a wealth of insight for people who want to know more about Alzheimer’s and what you can do to help yourself and your loved ones – starting today and continuing throughout the entire lifespan.   We discuss: Richard’s fun-facts (and alter egos): “bling” phones, Doogie Howser, and DJ Rush [8:00]; Richard’s impetus to focus on Alzheimer’s disease: Uncle Bob [18:20]; Starting an Alzheimer’s Prevention Clinic [27:00]; How Alzheimer’s is diagnosed [30:00]; Short-term memory, processing speed, executive function and how they’re tested [35:45]; Prevention vs reduction of Alzheimer’s [44:00]; What is the prevalence of Alzheimer’s in America? [49:30]; How do people actually die from Alzheimer’s or dementia? [51:30]; How can people do everything right and still get Alzheimer’s? It’s all about AGE [55:15]; The APOE gene [58:15]; Why is the risk of Alzheimer’s higher for women? [1:13:00]; How many different paths lead to Alzheimer’s? [1:15:45]; What role does MTHFR play in Alzheimer’s? [1:19:45]; What are the “ABCs” of Alzheimer’s prevention? [1:26:45]; Baptists, Tauists, Syners, and Apostates [1:36:30]; Concerns with statin use for high-risk patients [1:45:00]; The use of Theracurmin [1:48:45]; What are the five actionable things one can do to reduce the risk for Alzheimer’s today? [1:54:30]; The cognitive reserve [2:14:15]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#16 - Formula 1 (with Paul Conti): the best drivers, Ayrton Senna, and the cautionary tales of driven individuals

In this bonus episode, Peter and med school colleague (and brilliant psychiatrist) Paul Conti reminisce on their favorite moments in Formula 1 history, their deep admiration for the late Ayrton Senna, and the remarkable careers of their all-time favorite drivers. Paul also helps to illuminate the psychological components that made the luminary drivers great, and the cautionary lessons we can take from their incredible lives.   We discuss: Ayrton Senna [3:45]; How Senna’s death changed the sport [9:50]; The 80s & 90s: a remarkable era of Formula 1 [12:55]; Hypothesizing what caused Senna’s fatal crash [17:45]; Comparing Stewart and Senna, their incredible bravery, and what lessons we can learn from them [23:30]; Best documentaries on racing, and some of Senna’s best moments [31:00]; Gilles Villeneuve, Stefan Bellof, and some of the other greats [39:15]; Why Senna is widely acknowledged as the best of all time [46:15]; Great rivalries and personalities [49:30]; Rendezvous, a high-speed drive through Paris [56:50]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#14 - Robert Lustig, M.D., M.S.L.: fructose, processed food, NAFLD, and changing the food system

In this episode, Rob Lustig — a researcher, an expert in fructose metabolism, and a former pediatric endocrinologist — discusses what’s wrong with the current food environment, and what we can do to reduce our chances of becoming part of the obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) epidemics. Rob recently earned a Master of Studies in Law because he believes that educating people about sugar from a scientific standpoint is only half the equation: the other half involves changing policy, which he explains in this episode. We discuss: What’s the difference between glucose and fructose? [7:00]; Do we have biomarkers that can give us some indication of average exposure to fructose over a given period of time? [14:20]; What’s the difference between ALT and AST? [18:45]; Inflammation, endothelial function, and uric acid [21:30]; Is there something that fructose does better than glucose? [23:45]; For children that undergo a remarkable shift from metabolic health to metabolic derangement, is there a concern that these kids suffer an epigenetic hit that makes it harder for them later in life? [26:15]; How many times do you have to introduce a savory food vs a sugary food to an infant before they will accept it? [29:30]; How are alcohol and fructose similar in how they affect the brain? [33:51]; Advice for parents and kids for creating a sustainable environment that's going to prevent them from running into metabolic problems [40:30]; Why do some populations have a higher risk for NAFLD? [45:42]; What causes NAFLD? [48:45]; Is insulin resistance the result of NAFLD or is NAFLD the result of insulin resistance? [56:00]; HRV, cortisol, and norepinephrine [1:00:30]; What are the actual mechanisms that links metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes? [1:03:00]; Is the food industry still saying that all calories contribute equally to adiposity and insulin resistance? [1:09:00]; What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber and why do you need both? [1:13:00]; How can we change the food system when 10 companies control almost 90 percent of the Calories we consume in the US? [1:15:00]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#12 - Corey McCarthy: Overcoming trauma, dealing with shame, finding meaning, changing the self-narrative, redemption, and the importance of gratitude

Corey and Peter met when they visited North Kern State Prison in California together as volunteers for Defy Ventures. Peter was moved by Corey’s remarkable story, who is a former inmate himself, and realized he had to have him on the podcast to share his experiences with a wider audience. You’ll almost assuredly take away something very important from listening to this episode. Understanding how your experiences can define you, what forgiveness means of both yourself and others, and how good people can do bad things, are just a few of the takeaways. We discuss: How Corey and Peter met through Defy Ventures [4:00]; How Corey’s prison experience has shaped his life story [13:30]; Corey’s early life, and the traumatic event that changed everything [16:00]; Early adolescence years, beginnings of addiction, and overwhelming shame [23:00]; The 5 ways to classify wounds, and the relationship between trauma and addiction [39:00]; Turbulent high school years, the struggle of parenting a troubled child, and more trauma further shaping the self-narrative [46:00]; Post high school years, spiraling out of control, and giving up on himself [1:02:00]; Navigating prison life, and why a desire to change often isn’t enough to make it happen  [1:19:00]; The turning point and eventual road to recovery [1:48:00]; 12 step programs: Pros and Cons [1:54:00]; Final days in prison, getting released, and routines Corey has kept [1:54:00] Corey’s new perspective on life, takeaways from the visit to Kern prison [2:12:30]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#10 - Matt Kaeberlein, Ph.D.: rapamycin and dogs — man’s best friends? — living longer, healthier lives and turning back the clock on aging, and age-related diseases

Matt is someone who is deeply interested in understanding the biology of aging. Why do we age? What happens to us as we age? What are the things we can do to slow the aging process? How can we delay or prevent the onset of age-related diseases? These are all questions that Matt thinks deeply about, and explores these questions with his research at the University of Washington. He is currently investigating many of these questions through the Dog Aging Project and the compound rapamycin—the only known pharmacological agent to extend lifespan all the way from yeast to mammals—across a billion years of evolution. We talk about cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, healthspan, lifespan, and what we can do to provide longer, healthier lives for both people and dogs. We discuss: Matt’s early years and his a-ha moment on aging [4:00]; Studying dogs [6:30]; Dogs, rapamycin, and its effects on lifespan and healthspan [15:30]; An unexpected finding in presumably healthy dogs [36:00]; Rapamycin in cancer treatment [50:00]; Why isn’t there a rapamycin trial for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)? [1:01:30]; If Matt could do a definitive study on life extension in dogs, with resources not being a concern, what does that experiment look like? [1:16:00]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#08 - Tom Bilyeu: nutrition, fasting, meditation, mindset, immortality, and the secret formula of fulfillment

Tom Bilyeu is the founder of Impact Theory and a co-founder of Quest Nutrition. In this episode, among the highlights, Tom provides powerful insight he’s gained through his pursuit of fulfillment which led to a billion-dollar company in Quest Nutrition. Tom makes a compelling case that it starts with a growth mindset and he’s determined to impart this knowledge into as many people as possible. We discuss: Tom’s history with dieting and his changing views on fat [4:00]; Tom’s dream of immortality [10:00]; Life leading to Quest Nutrition and how “mindset” made the difference [18:45]; Why Tom helped start Quest Nutrition and what made it a success [27:00]; Why Tom started Impact Theory [35:00]; Money and motivation [44:00]; What Tom learned interviewing every employee at Quest, and the one question everyone answers exactly the same [54:15]; Tom’s secret formula of fulfillment and the ubiquity of suicide [1:00:00]; Nutrition, fasting, sleep, meditation, and other routines Tom uses to function at his best [1:13:15]; and More Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#06 - D.A. Wallach: music, medicine, cancer screening, and disruptive technologies

D.A. Wallach is a true polymath: recording artist, songwriter, essayist, investor, and so much more. In this episode, among the highlights, D.A. provides compelling and colorful insight into how the music industry works today vs the past, liquid biopsies, how to approach healthspan, cancer screening, and how we can reach a “singularity” in medicine. We discuss: How to learn music as a kid and an adult [7:30]; Chester French’s early struggles and ultimate success [16:45]; Learning to learn, fostering curiosity in kids, and balancing creativity with structure [31:30]; D.A.’s musical inspirations [44:30]; History of the music industry, Spotify, and other disruptive technologies [50:00]; The past, present, and future of medicine, hospitals, and healthcare [1:05:30]; Investing in health [1:16:30]; What D.A. is most excited about in the future of medicine [1:22:00]; Liquid biopsies, how to make sense of the morass of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, true negatives, false positives, false negatives, and true positives in cancer screening...and the swiss cheese metaphor [1:33:00]; The immune system, inflammation, and allergies [2:05:45]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#04 - AMA #1: alcohol, best lab tests, wearables, finding the right doc, racing, and more

In his first “Ask Me Anything” episode, Peter answered your questions submitted to him via Twitter. We discuss: What are Peter’s thoughts on alcohol consumption and health? [4:00] What are the best lab tests to request from your PCP, and what are the best markers for longevity? [14:00] What are the best wearables and why, and why does Peter use a continuous glucose monitor? [35:00] How does one select the right physician as a patient? [47:00] Why does Peter race cars and what’s the hardest thing to learn as a new driver? [54:30] What is Peter’s current exercise regimen and what are his thoughts on exercise for improving lifespan and healthspan? [1:20:15] What is Peter’s strategy for learning something deeply? [1:33:00] What is Peter’s process for forming his beliefs? [1:53:30] What does Peter’s diet look like these days? [1:57:45] And more. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

#02 - Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D.: the performance and longevity paradox of IGF-1, ketogenic diets and genetics, the health benefits of sauna, NAD+, and more

Rhonda and I go on a Nerd Safari into the jungle of health, nutrition, fitness, performance, and longevity. We visit IGF-1 and whether there’s a tradeoff of having high or low levels. We discuss the PPARs (receptor proteins) and genetic polymorphisms. Does Rhonda think there’s any benefit in a NAD+ booster for health and longevity? Can saunas lower the risk of heart disease, dementia, and all-cause mortality?  Rhonda is a wealth of knowledge on so many topics and was the perfect companion to dig into so many fun topics in this episode. She puts a ton of thought into her research and it really shows in this conversation.   We discuss: What Rhonda believes differently today than she did a few years ago [5:40]; The paradox of GH/IGF-1 in performance and longevity [21:00]; The role of PPAR in fat metabolism and ketogenic diets [23:00]; The possible genetic explanations for why some patients don’t respond well to a ketogenic diet [31:00]; The health benefits of heat and cold exposure [1:12:30]; NAD+ [1:32:45]; And more. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram

#00 - Sneak Peek: The Peter Attia Drive

Welcome to a special sneak peek of The Peter Attia Drive. The Peter Attia Drive will feature guests and experts that will offer advice and insight to help you optimize performance, health, longevity, critical thinking, and life. It’s hosted by Stanford M.D., TED speaker, and longevity expert Dr. Peter Attia, founder of Attia Medical, PC, a medical practice with offices in San Diego and New York City. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.