The Roman Empire stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Levant for centuries, and today's episode covers a few of the magical beliefs the superstitious Romans held. While it's hard to distinguish between organically Roman traits and those imported from the Greek world, the culture of Rome was certainly a mixture of the two, as can be seen in their beliefs in magic.

Today's episode primarily makes use of the following texts:

EpodesLivy, The History of RomeThe Twelve TablesM. W. Dickie, Magic and Magicians in the Greco-Roman World, 2002A. Parker, Protecting the Troops? Phallic Carvings in the North of Roman BritainPlease see the website for a full bibliography http://thehistoryofwitchcraft.co.uk

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices