In this episode (WITH NEW AND IMPROVED AUDIO), Sydnee covers the disturbing history of Dr. Walter Freeman and lobotomy, the psychiatric surgery deceptively billed as a cure-all. Her coverage includes the story of Howard Dully, the youngest person to ever receive a lobotomy in the U.S. and details about how lobotomies and other head-based surgeries have been used throughout history! (Disclaimer: This episode includes some descriptions of medical procedures that some may find disturbing.)

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Sources for this episode:
https://www.npr.org/2005/11/16/5014080/my-lobotomy-howard-dullys-journey

https://howarddully.com

American Lobotomy, by author and historian Jenell Johnson

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/burr-holes#:~:text=Burr%20holes%20are%20small%20holes,and%20help%20protect%20the%20brain. 

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/south-america-s-inca-civilization-was-better-skull-surgery-civil-war-doctors

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2001/02/04/the-lobotomist/630196c4-0f70-4427-832a-ce04959a6dc8/ 

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