This chapter delves into the significance of dance imagery in Bharatanatyam, focusing on the 108 Karanas, the foundational dance movements described in the Natya Shastra. These Karanas, created by Lord Shiva in his cosmic dance form, are believed to lead practitioners toward spiritual liberation.

The chapter explores the sacred origins of the Karanas, their role in purifying the soul, and their physical components, including specific arm, leg, and body movements. The chapter emphasizes the deeper spiritual and ritual meanings of dance sculptures in South Indian temples, particularly those with 108 Karana depictions, such as in Thanjavur and Chidambaram.

These sculptures are shown to symbolize ritual, transformation, and meditation, integral to Hindu worship.