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Ever thought Russia beat Napoleon just with winter? Think again. In 1812, Tsar Alexander I’s strategy—retreating deep, scorched earth, refusing peace—was key. Napoleon’s 420k men shrank to 30k; winter only worsened his already collapsing army. Russia’s vast geography and people’s loyalty also helped. Next: more of the empire’s turbulent past.
By David ClarkEver thought Russia beat Napoleon just with winter? Think again. In 1812, Tsar Alexander I’s strategy—retreating deep, scorched earth, refusing peace—was key. Napoleon’s 420k men shrank to 30k; winter only worsened his already collapsing army. Russia’s vast geography and people’s loyalty also helped. Next: more of the empire’s turbulent past.