Download: Restoration Theology Student Notes

Introduction to Analytic Theology

Analytic theology: Newer field (since ~2009); applies rigorous logic, philosophy, and clear reasoning to theological questions.

Goal: Clarify doctrines, avoid fallacies, test arguments precisely.

Complements other theologies: Biblical (content), systematic (synthesis), historical (precedents), comparative (alternatives).

Key tool: Logic – careful reasoning that avoids errors and draws valid conclusions in pursuit of truth.

What Is Logic?

Informal logic: Everyday reasoning (e.g., “If I eat too much, I feel bloated”).

Formal logic: Symbolic, rigorous analysis using syllogisms.

valid vs. invalid arguments

Major Types of Fallacies (5 Categories)

Fallacies of Relevance: Premises irrelevant to conclusion

Ad hominem (attack person, not argument)

Appeal to authority/emotion/popularity

Red herring, straw man, genetic fallacy

Fallacies of Presumption: Assume what needs proving

Begging the question

False dilemma

Suppressed evidence

False cause (post hoc, correlation ≠ causation)

Fallacies of Ambiguity: Unclear language

Equivocation (word used two ways)

Amphiboly, composition, division

Fallacies of Weak Induction: Insufficient evidence

Hasty generalization

Slippery slope

Weak analogy

Appeal to ignorance

Formal Fallacies: Errors in logical structure

Affirming the consequent (If A→B, B true → A true)

Denying the antecedent (If A→B, A false → B false)

7-Step Method for Analytic Evaluation of a Doctrine

Clearly identify the doctrine

Express the doctrine’s logical structure (premises → conclusion).

Identify assumptions and define key terms

List main reasons supporting the doctrine

Identify difficult texts / counter-evidence

Identify logical defeaters (objections) and offer explanations/counter-arguments

Revise doctrine in light of objections; invite feedback

Benefits of Analytic Approach

Makes arguments precise and transparent.

Reveals hidden assumptions and weak links.

Hardens position against criticism or shows where revision needed.

Encourages humility: Logic shows where we might be wrong.

Conclusion

Analytic theology uses logic to evaluate doctrines rigorously.

Strengthens restorationist method by testing coherence and validity.