In this episode, we describe the evolution of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, tracing their journey from initial discovery to their current status as a promising gene therapy tool. It explains the achievements and limitations of first-generation AAV vectors, highlighting issues like immunogenicity and manufacturing difficulties that prompted the development of advanced technologies. The content focuses on AAV 2.0, showcasing next-generation approaches such as rational design, directed evolution, and the growing impact of artificial intelligence in overcoming prior challenges and enhancing therapeutic applications. It also discusses ongoing manufacturing and regulatory hurdles and future trends aimed at expanding the use of AAV in treating a wider range of diseases. Produced by Dr. Jake Chen.