This episode, Danielle claims that we should be teaching hopeful thinking

as an integral part of teaching critical thinking. If ignorance is bliss,

critical thinking often can lead to depression, cynicism, and apathy, as

students lose faith in old values, beliefs, and structures of meaning.

Danielle argues that we must also teach our students to create new values

and beliefs and to take action, even in the face of meaningless absurdity.

José wonders how to best teach this. We end by giving recommendations in

our What We’ve Been Thinking About segment.