Yes, he did. Aristotle believed that males were superior, and females were inferior. Warning: This next bit of information might shock you. Aristotle based his belief that men were complete/preferred because they could produce semen, while women could not. Because of this ability/lack of ability, Aristotle considered men superior and women as “defective males.” Aristotle shaped culture. When Paul used the word kephale (head), his first century Greek audience would likely share Aristotle’s view and think of body imagery. Again, kephale rarely meant “authority.” But “origin of life, growth, and nourishment” makes perfect sense.

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