2 Samuel 10 records how King David attempted to show kindness to Hanun, the new king of the Ammonites, after the death of Hanun's father, Nahash. David sent messengers to express sympathy and goodwill, but Hanun's advisors convinced him that David's servants were spies. As a result, Hanun humiliated David's messengers by shaving off half their beards and cutting their garments, bringing great shame upon them.

Realizing they had provoked Israel, the Ammonites hired Aramean (Syrian) mercenaries to strengthen their military forces. David responded by sending Joab and the Israelite army. Before battle, Joab encouraged his troops to be courageous and trust in God. The Ammonites and their allies were defeated, and when the Arameans regrouped under additional leadership, David personally led Israel to another decisive victory. The chapter demonstrates the consequences of suspicion and pride, the importance of courage in the face of conflict, and God's blessing upon Israel during David's reign.