After the shock of Russia’s invasion, Ukrainians who did not enlist to fight mobilized around other pressing tasks. For human rights workers, one of the most obvious was documentation. There are multiple instances of Russian missiles hitting civilian targets – hospitals, residential buildings, schools and evacuation convoys – and local and international digital activists have rushed to collect the evidence. Their work will support future litigation to hold Russia accountable for war crimes. But is that hope realistic given the record of international justice processes to date? Roman Romanov, Human Rights and Justice Program Director at the International Renaissance Foundation in Ukraine reflects on why accountability for Russia is critical and calls for new thinking and better results.

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