埃及是否計劃重新控制加沙地帶？

埃及首次在其統治的沿海飛地部署建築設備，直到 1967 年。

由哈利·阿布·托梅

2021 年 6 月 7 日 20:51

埃及為巴勒斯坦人運送的建築設備於 2021 年 6 月 4 日抵達加沙地帶南部

（圖片來源：路透社/IBRAHEEM ABU MUSTAFA）

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上週五，數十輛埃及推土機、起重機和卡車進入加沙地帶的場景讓一些巴勒斯坦人懷疑埃及是否計劃返回它在 1948 年至 1967 年期間統治的沿海飛地。

埃及決定向加沙地帶派遣建築設備和工程師是在開羅承諾在以色列和哈馬斯最近發生戰鬥後為那裡的重建工作做出貢獻的背景下做出的。

埃及總統阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·塞西已承諾提供 5 億美元幫助重建在戰鬥中被毀壞的房屋和建築物。

巴勒斯坦消息人士告訴耶路撒冷郵報，埃及建築隊在加沙地帶的存在意味著哈馬斯和其他巴勒斯坦派係將無法恢復對以色列的火箭襲擊。

“當加沙地帶內有許多埃及人時，哈馬斯將很難與以色列發起另一輪戰鬥，”其中一位消息人士說。“如果哈馬斯或巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭聖戰組織在埃及建築隊在加沙地帶工作時開始向以色列發射火箭，這兩個團體將與埃及陷入困境。”

據消息人士透露，埃及人警告哈馬斯領導人葉海亞·辛瓦爾不要在開羅努力幫助重建加沙地帶的同時發起另一輪戰鬥。

1948年獨立戰爭期間，阿盟成立了“全巴勒斯坦政府”，以治理埃及控制的加沙地帶。居住在飛地的巴勒斯坦人獲得了“全巴勒斯坦”護照。埃及沒有給他們公民身份。1959年全巴勒斯坦政府解散後，埃及繼續控制加沙地帶直至1967年。

然而，埃及人從未吞併加沙地帶，而是選擇通過軍事總督來管理它。

“有很多傳言說埃及人計劃返回加沙地帶，”在哈馬斯統治的沿海飛地的一位資深巴勒斯坦記者說。“這裡的許多人相信，埃及贊助的重建工作是為埃及在加沙地帶的永久安全存在鋪平道路的計劃的一部分。”

埃及人在達成5 月 21 日生效的以色列-哈馬斯停火方面發揮了關鍵作用。

埃及情報總局局長阿巴斯·卡邁勒上週罕見地訪問了加沙地帶，在那裡他會見了哈馬斯和其他巴勒斯坦派系的領導人，並與他們討論了維持停火和重建工作的方法。

一些巴勒斯坦政治分析人士認為，卡邁勒對加沙地帶的訪問表明埃及有意在沿海飛地和整個巴勒斯坦領域發揮重要作用。

“我不相信埃及想回到它管理加沙地帶的日子，”一位分析師告訴郵報。“但塞西為重建工作做出貢獻的決定表明，他希望積極參與有關加沙地帶的一切。”

這位分析師表示，埃及與哈馬斯之間的關係在過去幾年有所改善。

2013 年塞西在罷免總統穆罕默德·穆爾西並宣布穆斯林兄弟會為非法後上台時，埃及和哈馬斯之間的關係變得緊張。2015 年，埃及法院將穆斯林兄弟會的一個分支哈馬斯列為恐怖組織。

穆爾西和穆斯林兄弟會的其他成員後來被指控為哈馬斯和伊朗從事間諜活動。

直到幾年前，埃及國家控制的媒體還指責哈馬斯幫助在西奈半島襲擊埃及安全部隊的穆斯林恐怖分子。哈馬斯強烈否認這些指控，稱其不干涉任何阿拉伯國家的內政。

拉馬拉的一名巴勒斯坦官員告訴《華盛頓郵報》，巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯讚賞埃及為平息局勢和協助加沙地帶的重建努力所做的努力。

他駁斥了有關埃及可能重新控制加沙地帶的說法。

這位官員說：“埃及人正在努力實現巴勒斯坦民族和解，並使西岸與加沙地帶重新統一。” “這就是為什麼他們邀請了幾個巴勒斯坦派系的代表到開羅。埃及人支持在西岸、加沙地帶和東耶路撒冷建立巴勒斯坦國。”

Is Egypt planning to retake control of the Gaza Strip?

Entry of construction equipment first time Egypt has deployed in the coastal enclave it used to rule until 1967.

By KHALED ABU TOAMEH

JUNE 7, 2021 20:51

Building equipment, sent by Egypt for Palestinians, arrive in the southern Gaza Strip June 4, 2021

(photo credit: REUTERS/IBRAHEEM ABU MUSTAFA)

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Scenes of dozens of Egyptian bulldozers, cranes and trucks entering the Gaza Strip last Friday have left some Palestinians wondering whether Egypt is planning to return to the coastal enclave it ruled between 1948 and 1967.

The Egyptian decision to send building equipment and engineers to the Gaza Strip came within the context of Cairo’s pledge to contribute to reconstruction efforts there after the recent fighting between Israel and Hamas.

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Sisi has pledged $500 million to help rebuild the houses and buildings that were destroyed during the fighting.

The presence of the Egyptian construction teams in the Gaza Strip means that Hamas and other Palestinian factions will not be able to resume the rocket attacks on Israel, Palestinian sources told The Jerusalem Post.

“It will be hard for Hamas to initiate another round of fighting with Israel when there are many Egyptians inside the Gaza Strip,” one of the sources said. “If Hamas or Palestinian Islamic Jihad start firing rockets at Israel while the Egyptian construction teams are working in the Gaza Strip, the two groups will get into trouble with Egypt.”

According to the sources, the Egyptians have warned Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar against initiating another round of fighting while Cairo pursues its efforts to help rebuild the Gaza Strip.

During the 1948 War of Independence, the Arab League established the “All-Palestine Government” to govern the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip. Palestinians living in the enclave were issued “All-Palestine” passports. Egypt did not offer them citizenship. After the dissolution of the All-Palestine Government in 1959, Egypt continued to control the Gaza Strip until 1967.

The Egyptians, however, never annexed the Gaza Strip and chose to administer it through a military governor.

“There are many rumors that the Egyptians are planning to return to the Gaza Strip,” said a veteran Palestinian journalist in the Hamas-ruled coastal enclave. “Many people here are convinced that the Egyptian-sponsored reconstruction work is part of a plan to pave the way for a permanent Egyptian security presence in the Gaza Strip.”

The Egyptians played a crucial role in reaching the Israel-Hamas ceasefire that went into effect on May 21.

The head of Egypt’s General Intelligence Service, Abbas Kamel, last week made a rare visit to the Gaza Strip, where he met with leaders of Hamas and other Palestinian factions and discussed with them ways of maintaining the ceasefire and the reconstruction efforts.

Kamel’s visit to the Gaza Strip is seen by some Palestinian political analysts as a sign of Egypt’s intention to play a major role in the coastal enclave in particular and the Palestinian arena in general.

“I don’t believe that Egypt wants to go back to the days when it was administering the Gaza Strip,” one analyst told the Post. “But Sisi’s decision to contribute to the reconstruction effort shows that he wants to be heavily involved with everything concerning the Gaza Strip.”

Relations between Egypt and Hamas have improved over the past few years, the analyst said.

Relations between Egypt and Hamas were strained when Sisi came to power in 2013 after deposing president Mohamed Morsi and outlawing the Muslim Brotherhood. In 2015, an Egyptian court listed Hamas, an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, as a terrorist organization.

Morsi and other members of the Muslim Brotherhood were later charged with spying for Hamas and Iran.

Until a few years ago, Egypt’s state-controlled media had accused Hamas of helping Muslim terrorists who attacked Egyptian security forces in the Sinai. Hamas has strongly denied the charges, saying it does not meddle in the internal affairs of any Arab country.

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas appreciates the efforts Egypt has been making to calm the situation and assist in the reconstruction efforts in the Gaza Strip, a Palestinian official in Ramallah told the Post.

He dismissed talk about a possible return of Egyptian control of the Gaza Strip.

“The Egyptians are working to achieve Palestinian national reconciliation and reunite the West Bank with the Gaza Strip,” the official said. “That’s why they have invited representatives of several Palestinian factions to Cairo. The Egyptians support the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and east Jerusalem.”

布林肯：伊朗不會接近於回到 2015 年的核合規狀態

美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯週一表示，伊朗尚未表示願意恢復遵守 2015 年核協議。

由OMRI NAHMIAS

2021 年 6 月 7 日 21:41

2021 年 6 月 3 日，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯在美國華盛頓國務院會見以色列國防部長本尼·甘茨。

（照片來源：JACQUELYN MARTIN / POOL / REUTERS）

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華盛頓——美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯週一表示，伊朗沒有表示願意恢復遵守 2015 年核協議。

在眾議院外交事務委員會舉行的廣泛聽證會上，布林肯表示，雙方“甚至還沒有回到遵守 2015 年核協議的階段”。

“我們不知道這是否真的會發生，”布林肯強調說。“過去幾個月我們一直在進行間接對話，目前尚不清楚伊朗是否願意並準備做它需要做的事情來恢復合規。”

“不幸的是，我們所知道的是，與此同時（伊朗的核）計劃正在向前推進，”他說。“它解除了協議對其施加的限制，包括其擁有的濃縮材料的數量；在某些情況下，現在的材料最多可富集 20%，甚至小到 60%。它已經開始部署一些更先進的離心機。”

他接著說：“這種情況持續的時間越長，他們的突破時間就越短。” 布林肯說，該協議將其推遲了一年或更長時間，“現在——根據已發表的報告——最多只能縮短幾個月。如果這種情況繼續下去，它將縮短到幾週的時間，這正是我們試圖避免的和協議停止的。”

“如果我們可以至少將其放回原處，然後將其用作平台，我們就有真正的動力，看看是否可以延長協議本身並在必要時加強，並捕捉這些其他事宜。我們將與我們的盟友、我們的合作夥伴一起處於一個更好的位置，他們希望一直遵守協議以做到這一點，堅持讓伊朗參與這些其他問題。將會有一個統一戰線來追究他們的責任。”

布林肯強調，美國致力於鐵穹的補給。“就在上週，以色列國防部長還在華盛頓，”他說。“我們正在與以色列人合作，以充分了解他們的需求，並與國會合作，最重要的是，確保我們能夠獲得補充資金。這是在非常積極的審查中，我們期待與 [國會] 合作以確保實現這一目標。”

當被問及拜登政府是否承認以色列對戈蘭高地的主權時，布林肯說：“實際上，以色列控制著戈蘭高地，無論其法律地位如何，除非事情發展到一定程度，否則它必須繼續存在。敘利亞和敘利亞以外的一切都不再對以色列構成威脅，而我們也離那不遠了。”

當被問及“城牆守護者行動”時，布林肯表示，“任何國家讓火箭如雨點般落下，不分青紅皂白地瞄準平民，卻對此不採取任何行動，這是不可接受的。”

“我們堅決支持以色列自衛的權利；保護人們免受這些不分青紅皂白的火箭襲擊，”他說。“作為一個民主國家，以色列也有額外的負擔，要盡其所能避免平民傷亡。”

“哈馬斯正在從事恐怖主義活動，”他補充說。“以及任何國家都可以接受的想法，就此而言，世界可以接受一個恐怖組織，該組織在自己的章程中發誓要摧毀以色列，不分青紅皂白地向以色列平民發射火箭；任何人都認為可以接受或不理解它構成恐怖主義的情況是難以理解的。以色列有權保護自己免受這些襲擊。我們堅決支持這一主張。”

週一早些時候，Blinken 在 HBO Max 上接受了 Axios 的 Mike Allen 的採訪，並被問及 Naftali Bennett 成為以色列下一任總理的可能性。

“我不是在搞政治，我會專注於政策，所以我們拭目以待，”他說。“我們將一如既往地與以色列政府合作。”

當被問及貝內特反對兩國解決方案時，布林肯告訴 Axios：“我們的總統對此非常清楚。我們認為兩國解決方案是最好的，也可能是確保以色列不僅保持安全，而且仍然是一個猶太和民主國家的最佳方式，也是確保巴勒斯坦人擁有他們有權擁有的國家的方式。但現在的條件不是——不存在。”

“我們剛剛擺脫了加沙和其他地方的暴力事件，”他指出。“我們正在非常努力地工作，不僅要確保停火保持不變，而且要開始處理加沙的人道主義局勢。隨著時間的推移，如果我們能夠多一點希望、多一點信任、多一點信心，也許那時就具備了重新接觸兩個州的條件。”

布林肯還表示，政府正在“迅速推進”，任命一名打擊反猶太主義的特使。“我希望這很快就會提交給參議院，”

布林肯：伊朗不會接近於回到 2015 年的核合規狀態

美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯週一表示，伊朗尚未表示願意恢復遵守 2015 年核協議。

由OMRI NAHMIAS

2021 年 6 月 7 日 21:41

2021 年 6 月 3 日，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯在美國華盛頓國務院會見以色列國防部長本尼·甘茨。

（照片來源：JACQUELYN MARTIN / POOL / REUTERS）

廣告

華盛頓——美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯週一表示，伊朗沒有表示願意恢復遵守 2015 年核協議。

在眾議院外交事務委員會舉行的廣泛聽證會上，布林肯表示，雙方“甚至還沒有回到遵守 2015 年核協議的階段”。

“我們不知道這是否真的會發生，”布林肯強調說。“過去幾個月我們一直在進行間接對話，目前尚不清楚伊朗是否願意並準備做它需要做的事情來恢復合規。”

“不幸的是，我們所知道的是，與此同時（伊朗的核）計劃正在向前推進，”他說。“它解除了協議對其施加的限制，包括其擁有的濃縮材料的數量；在某些情況下，現在的材料最多可富集 20%，甚至小到 60%。它已經開始部署一些更先進的離心機。”

他接著說：“這種情況持續的時間越長，他們的突破時間就越短。” 布林肯說，該協議將其推遲了一年或更長時間，“現在——根據已發表的報告——最多只能縮短幾個月。如果這種情況繼續下去，它將縮短到幾週的時間，這正是我們試圖避免的和協議停止的。”

“如果我們可以至少將其放回原處，然後將其用作平台，我們就有真正的動力，看看是否可以延長協議本身並在必要時加強，並捕捉這些其他事宜。我們將與我們的盟友、我們的合作夥伴一起處於一個更好的位置，他們希望一直遵守協議以做到這一點，堅持讓伊朗參與這些其他問題。將會有一個統一戰線來追究他們的責任。”

布林肯強調，美國致力於鐵穹的補給。“就在上週，以色列國防部長還在華盛頓，”他說。“我們正在與以色列人合作，以充分了解他們的需求，並與國會合作，最重要的是，確保我們能夠獲得補充資金。這是在非常積極的審查中，我們期待與 [國會] 合作以確保實現這一目標。”

繼續觀看甘茨要求取消耶路撒冷的國旗遊行廣告後

當被問及拜登政府是否承認以色列對戈蘭高地的主權時，布林肯說：“實際上，以色列控制著戈蘭高地，無論其法律地位如何，除非事情發展到一定程度，否則它必須繼續存在。敘利亞和敘利亞以外的一切都不再對以色列構成威脅，而我們也離那不遠了。”

當被問及“城牆守護者行動”時，布林肯表示，“任何國家讓火箭如雨點般落下，不分青紅皂白地瞄準平民，卻對此不採取任何行動，這是不可接受的。”

“我們堅決支持以色列自衛的權利；保護人們免受這些不分青紅皂白的火箭襲擊，”他說。“作為一個民主國家，以色列也有額外的負擔，要盡其所能避免平民傷亡。”

“哈馬斯正在從事恐怖主義活動，”他補充說。“以及任何國家都可以接受的想法，就此而言，世界可以接受一個恐怖組織，該組織在自己的章程中發誓要摧毀以色列，不分青紅皂白地向以色列平民發射火箭；任何人都認為可以接受或不理解它構成恐怖主義的情況是難以理解的。以色列有權保護自己免受這些襲擊。我們堅決支持這一主張。”

週一早些時候，Blinken 在 HBO Max 上接受了 Axios 的 Mike Allen 的採訪，並被問及 Naftali Bennett 成為以色列下一任總理的可能性。

“我不是在搞政治，我會專注於政策，所以我們拭目以待，”他說。“我們將一如既往地與以色列政府合作。”

當被問及貝內特反對兩國解決方案時，布林肯告訴 Axios：“我們的總統對此非常清楚。我們認為兩國解決方案是最好的，也可能是確保以色列不僅保持安全，而且仍然是一個猶太和民主國家的最佳方式，也是確保巴勒斯坦人擁有他們有權擁有的國家的方式。但現在的條件不是——不存在。”

“我們剛剛擺脫了加沙和其他地方的暴力事件，”他指出。“我們正在非常努力地工作，不僅要確保停火保持不變，而且要開始處理加沙的人道主義局勢。隨著時間的推移，如果我們能夠多一點希望、多一點信任、多一點信心，也許那時就具備了重新接觸兩個州的條件。”

布林肯還表示，政府正在“迅速推進”，任命一名打擊反猶太主義的特使。“我希望這很快就會提交給參議院，”

Blinken: Iran not close to returning to 2015 nuke compliance

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Monday that Iran has not given indications that it’s willing to return to compliance with the 2015 nuclear agreement.

By OMRI NAHMIAS

JUNE 7, 2021 21:41

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken meets with Israel's Defense Minister Benny Gantz, at the State Department in Washington, US, June 3, 2021.

(photo credit: JACQUELYN MARTIN / POOL / REUTERS)

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WASHINGTON – US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Monday that Iran has not given indications that it’s willing to return to compliance of the 2015 nuclear agreement.

In a wide-ranging hearing at the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Blinken said that the sides are “not even at the stage of returning to compliance for compliance” with the 2015 nuclear agreement.

“We don’t know if that’s actually going to happen,” Blinken emphasized. “We’ve been engaged in indirect conversations for the last couple of months and it remains unclear whether Iran is willing and prepared to do what it needs to do to come back into compliance.”

“What we do know, unfortunately, is that meanwhile [Iran’s nuclear] program is galloping forward,” he said. “It has lifted restraints imposed on it by the agreement including the amount of enriched material that it has; material that’s now, in some cases, enriched up to 20% and even a small amount to 60%. It has started to deploy some more advanced centrifuges.”

He went on to say that “the longer this goes on, the more their breakout time gets down.” The agreement had pushed it to a year or more, Blinken said, “it’s now down – by published reports – to a few months at best. And if this continues, it will get down to a matter of weeks, exactly what we sought to avoid and what the agreement stopped.”

“We have a real incentive if we can to at least put that back in the box, and then to use it as a platform, both to look at whether the agreement itself can be lengthened and if necessary, strengthened, and also to capture these other issues. We’re going to be in a much better place with our allies, with our partners who wanted to stick with the agreement for all this time to do exactly that, to insist that Iran engage on these other issues. And there will be a united front to hold them to account.”

Blinken stressed that the US is committed to the Iron Dome’s replenishment. “The Israeli defense minister was in Washington just this past week,” he said. “We are working with the Israelis to fully understand their needs and working with Congress, most importantly, to make sure that we can secure the funding for that replenishment. This is under very active review and we look forward to working with [Congress] to make sure that that happens.”

Asked whether the Biden administration recognizes Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights, Blinken said: “as a practical matter, Israel has control of the Golan Heights, irrespective of its legal status, and that will have to remain unless and until things get to a point where Syria and everything operating out from Syria no longer poses a threat to Israel, and we are not anywhere near that.”

Asked about Operation Guardian of the Walls, Blinken said that it would be unacceptable “for any country to have rockets rain down on it indiscriminately targeting civilians and not do something about it.”

“We strongly supported Israel’s right to defend itself; to defend people against these indiscriminate rocket attacks,” he said. “As a democracy, Israel also has an extra burden to do everything it possibly can to avoid civilian casualties.”

“Hamas is engaged in terrorism, period,” he added. “And the idea that any country could accept and for that matter the world could accept a terrorist organization, which is vowed in its own charter to destroy Israel, to indiscriminately launch rockets against Israeli civilians; that anyone finds that acceptable or does not understand that it constitutes terrorism is hard to fathom. And Israel has the right to defend itself against these attacks. And we stood strongly for that proposition.”

Earlier on Monday, Blinken was interviewed by Mike Allen of Axios on HBO Max and was asked about the possibility that Naftali Bennett would be Israel’s next Prime Minister.

“I’m not doing politics, I’m going to focus on the policy, so we’ll see,” he said. “We will work, as we always have, with whatever the Israeli government is.”

Asked about Bennett’s opposition to the two-state solution, Blinken told Axios: “Our President’s been very clear about this. We see a two-state solution as the best and probably only means to ensure that, going forward, Israel remains not only a secure but a Jewish and democratic state, and the Palestinians have the state to which they’re entitled. But the conditions right now are not – are not there.”

“We’ve just come off of the violence in Gaza and elsewhere,” he noted. “We’re working very hard not only to make sure that the ceasefire stays in place, but to start to deal with the humanitarian situation in Gaza. And over time, if we can build a little bit more hope, a little bit more trust, a little bit more confidence, maybe then the conditions are in place to reengage on two states.”

Blinken also said that the administration is “moving forward expeditiously” with the appointment of a special envoy to combat antisemitism. “I hope that’s before the Senate very, very soon,”

伊朗核協議的癥結——分析

美國和伊朗都希望重返聯合綜合行動計劃。那麼，是什麼阻止了交易的簽署？

作者：尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

2021 年 6 月 7 日 20:23

在時代廣場舉行的反對伊朗核協議的集會上，一名男子和其他數千名抗議者舉著標語

（圖片來源：路透社）

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美國和伊朗都希望重返聯合全面行動計劃，即通常所說的 2015 年核協議，雙方都準備為實現這一目標做出他們需要做出的主要讓步。那麼是什麼阻止了交易的簽署呢？

據報導，已經起草了大約 20 頁的大部分商定文本。

部分問題可能是伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊 (Ayatollah Ali Khamenei) 更喜歡 在他精心挑選的總統候選人易卜拉欣·賴西 (Ebrahim Raisi) 於 6 月 18 日當選後才達成協議。

也有傳言稱，伊朗仍要求順序包括華盛頓首先解除制裁，德黑蘭之後才返回 JCPOA 的核限制。

然而，據報導，有一系列不同的問題也阻礙了雙方之間的交易。其中最重要的可能是先進的離心機。

伊朗願意將數百架新的 IR-4、IR-6 和其他機型全部下線，並將它們儲存起來，就像在 2015 年 JCPOA 協議達成後對 75% 的離心機機隊所做的那樣。

但這對美國來說可能還不夠 。如果在過去，華盛頓同意封存常規的 IR-1 離心機，而不是銷毀它們，那是因為問題在於數量，而不是質量。

這些先進的離心機比舊的 IR-1 快得多，它們可以讓伊朗未來有能力以極快的速度向核武器發起衝刺。

據報導，拜登政府希望它們被徹底摧毀。

在此前的新聞發布會上，美國國務院副新聞秘書賈莉娜·波特拒絕回答有關美國在先進離心機問題上的立場的問題。

然而，當《耶路撒冷郵報》在她的辦公室跟進這個問題時，得到的答復是：“任何重返 JCPOA 都將導致伊朗核計劃的倒退。除非我們明確並相信伊朗將完全恢復履行其在 JCPOA 下的義務，包括在其鈾濃縮活動的水平和規模方面，否則美國不會解除制裁。”

為了恢復濃縮活動的 JCPOA 水平，需要銷毀先進的離心機，因為 2015 年，德黑蘭甚至不知道如何成功操作它們。

然而，這將是哈梅內伊第一次需要同意完全摧毀核科學進步而不是暫停它。

在某些方面，這對他來說將是一個更深層次的讓步，即使從以色列和海灣國家的角度來看這是必要的，因為先進離心機的存在為核彈打開了多個額外的場景和時間線。

另一個有趣的洩密事件與拜登政府在其任期內一直強調的所謂後續會談有關。

耶路撒冷對美國可以解除對伊朗的製裁併隨後在放棄制裁影響力後仍然成功獲得不屬於 JCPOA 一部分的新讓步的想法表示蔑視和懷疑。

然而，據報導，華盛頓正在爭取提及後續會談，這將給它一個明確的基礎，通過它向伊斯蘭共和國施壓，以限制其彈道導彈計劃和對該地區的侵略。

郵報了解到，所有這些問題都是在 4 月份以色列高級國家安全官員訪問期間向美國總統喬·拜登本人提出的。

德黑蘭不惜一切代價反對任何後續會談的跡象，因為其目標是解除制裁併完成與美國的談判。

為了對抗拜登政府對這個問題的關注，伊朗似乎提出增加某種條款，以更好地確保未來華盛頓不能像特朗普那樣輕易退出JCPOA。

伊朗還試圖取消特朗普政府實施的一些額外的非核制裁，聲稱這些制裁也違反了 JCPOA。

但拜登團隊一直表示將廢除其認為特朗普團隊貼錯標籤的非核制裁，並將維持其認為前任政府適當實施的非核制裁。

還有其他懸而未決的問題，例如伊朗未能解決國際原子能機構總幹事拉斐爾格羅西正在詢問的過去軍事核方面的問題。

但這些問題本身不太可能減緩重新加入 JCPOA 的進程。

它如何處理先進的離心機，以及新協議是否附有附加條款，以便為在後續談判中解決 JCPOA 中的漏洞奠定基礎，可以為美國是否認真對待德黑蘭提出的威脅提供強有力的線索。

Sticking points in the Iran nuclear deal - analysis

The US and Iran both want a return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. So, what is preventing the deal from being signed?

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

JUNE 7, 2021 20:23

A man holds up a sign as he and several thousand other protestors demonstrate during a rally opposing the nuclear deal with Iran in Times Square

(photo credit: REUTERS)

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The US and Iran both want a return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, commonly known as the 2015 nuclear deal, and both sides are ready to make the main concessions they need to make for that to happen. So what is preventing the deal from being signed?

Reportedly, there is a mostly agreed-upon text around 20 pages long already drafted.

Part of the issue may likely be that Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei prefers deal only after his new handpicked candidate for president, Ebrahim Raisi, is elected on June 18.

There is also talk that the Islamic Republic is still demanding that the sequencing include Washington lifting sanctions first and Tehran returning to the JCPOA’s nuclear limits only afterward.

Yet, there is a distinct list of issues that reportedly are also stalling a deal between the sides. The most important of them is probably advanced centrifuges.

Iran is willing to take all of the hundreds of new IR-4, IR-6 and others off-line and to place them in storage as it did with around 75% of its centrifuge fleet after the 2015 JCPOA agreement.

But this may not be enough for the US. If, in the past, Washington agreed to mothballing the regular IR-1 centrifuges, as opposed to destroying them, this was because the question was quantity, not quality.

These advanced centrifuges are so much faster than the old IR-1s that they could give Iran the future capability to kick-start a dash toward a nuclear weapon at breakneck speed.

The Biden administration reportedly wants them completely destroyed.

In a previous press conference, US State Department Deputy Press Secretary Jalina Porter declined to respond to questions about the US position on advanced centrifuges.

However, when The Jerusalem Post followed up the question with her office, the response was: “Any return to the JCPOA would entail a rollback of Iran’s nuclear program. The United States is not going to lift sanctions unless we have clarity and confidence that Iran will fully return to compliance with its obligations under the JCPOA, including with respect to the level and scale of its uranium-enrichment activities.”

To return to the JCPOA level of enrichment activities, the advanced centrifuges would need to be destroyed since in 2015, Tehran did not even know how to successfully operate them.

However, this would be the first time Khamenei would need to agree to completely destroy a nuclear scientific advancement as opposed to pausing it.

In some ways, this would be a much deeper concession for him to make, even as it is imperative from Israel’s and the Gulf countries’ perspective because the existence of advanced centrifuges opens multiple additional scenarios and time lines to a nuclear bomb.

The other interesting leak relates to the so-called follow-on talks the Biden administration has emphasized throughout its term.

Jerusalem has reacted with scorn and disbelief at the idea that the US could lift sanctions on Iran and still succeed later at getting new concessions that were not part of the JCPOA after giving away its sanctions leverage.

However, Washington reportedly is fighting for a mention of follow-on talks that would give it a clear basis through which to press the Islamic Republic to restrain its ballistic-missile program and aggression in the region.

The Post understands that all of these issues were raised with US President Joe Biden himself in April during visits by top Israeli national security officials.

Tehran opposes any indications of follow-on talks at all costs since its goal is to lift sanctions and be done with negotiating with the US.

To try to combat the Biden administration’s focus on this issue, it appears that Iran has raised adding some kind of clause to better ensure that in the future, Washington could not leave the JCPOA again as easily as Trump did.

Iran is also trying to peel off some additional nonnuclear sanctions instituted by the Trump administration, claiming they also violate the JCPOA.

But the Biden team has consistently said it will repeal nonnuclear sanctions that it thinks the Trump team mislabeled and will maintain nonnuclear sanctions that it believes the preceding administration properly instituted.

There are other outstanding issues, such as Iran’s failure to resolve questions about past military nuclear dimensions, which International Atomic Energy Agency Director-General Rafael Grossi is asking about.

But those issues on their own are unlikely to slow down the train for rejoining the JCPOA.

How it handles advanced centrifuges and whether a rider is attached to the new deal to set the stage for addressing holes in the JCPOA in follow-on negotiations could provide strong clues as to whether the US is serious about confronting the threats presented by Tehran.

中國可以從伊朗手中拯救以色列-報告

但北京絕不會結束與德黑蘭的關係。

作者：尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

2021 年 6 月 6 日 21:25

2017年3月20日，中國國務院總理李克強與以色列總理內塔尼亞胡在北京人民大會堂出席簽字儀式。

（圖片來源：REUTERS/LINTAO ZHANG/POOL）

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中國是少數有可能將以色列從伊朗手中拯救出來以促進穩定的行為體之一，國家安全研究所的一份新報告首先由耶路撒冷郵報獨家獲得。

根據該報告，在 Kevjn Lim 博士代表 INSS 擔任主要作者的情況下，中國已開始更加努力地將自己描繪成“更負責任的全球大國”。

有鑑於此，並且由於伊朗對北京的高度依賴，它可能是“為數不多的能夠改變中東平衡以促進穩定的行動者之一，如果願意的話”。

這並不容易，報告甚至警告說，直接呼籲中國斷絕與德黑蘭的關係會失敗。

“直接說服中國斷絕或大幅降低與伊朗的關係是不現實的，甚至可能適得其反。這樣的戰略將被視為對一個以與所有地區參與者保持良好關係而自豪的大國提出質疑，”報告稱。

林寫道，部分原因是“中國加深與伊朗合作的動機與以色列沒有多大關係。與其勸阻中國推進與伊朗的關係，耶路撒冷應該不斷說服北京，作為一個尋求可預測性的無黨派行為者……迫使伊朗緩和其破壞穩定的行為。”

“除了美國在中東採取更強有力和更有遠見的政策外，這將有利於整個地區的穩定，同時也有利於中國的商業和經濟利益，”INSS 說。

報告進一步說，除了減少伊朗的常規軍事侵略外，“以色列還應該敦促中國在核援助和核擴散問題上採取更嚴格的立場”。

以色列有什麼籌碼說服中國？

一方面，林指出，在伊朗緩和對以色列的威脅之前，這個猶太國家可能會繼續“貶低和破壞伊朗的外交、經濟和軍事選擇，當然還有核計劃”。

這些中斷還可能延遲和破壞中國與伊朗和整個中東的貿易。

換句話說，中國可能不會為了穩定而立即迫使伊斯蘭共和國改變方向，它可能會開始更頻繁地敦促克制，就像許多美國政府向耶路撒冷施壓一樣。

該報告還指出了借助《亞伯拉罕協定》利用中國來限制德黑蘭的新機會。

例如，“如果以色列及其在海灣和其他地方蓬勃發展的遜尼派盟友在與中國的互動中相互協調，他們將更有可能讓北京考慮他們對伊朗的偏好。”

“至少，這可能會促使中國更積極地敦促伊朗緩和其行為……從長遠來看，這種戰略調整不僅可以塑造北京如何開展商業活動，還可以塑造它對戰略、外交和安全的思考方式。該地區的優先事項，”林寫道。

上海合作組織 (SCO.) 是該報告指出中國可以對以色列-伊朗問題產生積極影響的另一個地方。以色列已向上海合作組織申請對話夥伴地位，比正式成員低兩個等級。

如果以色列被接納，這個猶太國家將與伊朗佔據一些相同的外交空間。

INSS 推測“此類論壇中的相對接近允許由中國（或俄羅斯）等第三方進行調解的可能性”，同時承認此類聯繫的進展可能仍然非常有限。

該報告確實警告以色列要謹慎平衡其與中國的親密關係、與美國的聯盟以及信息洩露給伊斯蘭共和國的風險。

它指出，“中國國有企業及其子公司在伊朗和以色列的建築和基礎設施項目中的存在需要仔細處理和隔離，耶路撒冷必須承擔北京和德黑蘭之間的信息共享。”

“其中一些項目通過控制、信號和監控網絡熱線連接到更廣泛的城市或國家級電網中，可以通過電子方式中斷和操縱，而其他項目可能位於敏感的政府場所附近，包括軍事、海軍和情報設施，”報告說。

據 INSS 稱，“中國鐵路隧道集團在一個聯合財團中持有 51% 的股份，該財團建造了特拉維夫輕軌網絡的大部分紅線段，是中國中鐵的子公司。”

但“CREC 與伊斯蘭革命衛隊的 Khatam al-Anbia 集團合作建設德黑蘭-庫姆-伊斯法罕快速鐵路，”Lim 指出。

報告解釋說：“就以色列而言，認識到中伊關係的優勢和局限性對於向前發展至關重要。”

Lim 是 IHS Markit Country Risk 的中東和北非高級風險顧問， 他負責 伊朗部門， 並且是 INSS 的研究員。

China could save Israel from Iran - report

But no way Beijing will end Tehran ties.

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

JUNE 6, 2021 21:25

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang with Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu attend a signing ceremony at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China March 20, 2017.

(photo credit: REUTERS/LINTAO ZHANG/POOL)

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China is one of the few actors which could potentially save Israel from Iran in favor of stability, a new report by the Institute for National Security Studies exclusively first obtained by The Jerusalem Post.

According to the report, with Dr. Kevjn Lim as lead author on behalf of INSS, China has started to try harder to portray itself as a “more responsible global power.”

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In that light and due to the Islamic Republic’s deep reliance on Beijing, it may be “one of only very few actors, if willing, capable of changing the balance in the Middle East in favor of stability.”

This will not be easy and the report even warns that a direct appeal to China to sever its ties with Tehran would fail.

“Directly persuading China to sever or significantly downgrade its ties with Iran is unrealistic, and probably even counterproductive. Such a strategy would be seen as heckling a major power, one that prides itself on maintaining good ties with all regional actors, into taking sides,” said the report.

Part of the reason, writes Lim, is that “China’s motives for deepening cooperation with Iran have little to do with Israel. Rather than dissuade China from advancing ties with Iran, Jerusalem should instead constantly persuade Beijing, as a non-partisan actor seeking predictability… to pressure Iran into moderating its destabilizing conduct.”

“Alongside more robust and farsighted US policy in the Middle East, this would benefit the entire region’s stability, and with it Chinese commerce and economic interests,” says INSS.

The report further says, “Israel should likewise prod China towards a stricter stance on nuclear assistance and proliferation,” on top of reducing Iranian conventional military aggression.

What leverage does Israel have to convince China?

For one, Lim notes that until Iran moderates its threats against Israel, the Jewish state will likely continue to “degrade and disrupt Iran’s diplomatic, along with economic and military options, and certainly its nuclear program.”

These disruptions can also delay and destabilize Chinese trade with Iran and in the Middle East in general.

In other words, China may not force the Islamic Republic to change direction all at once for stability, it may start to more regularly press for restraint the same way that many US administrations press Jerusalem for restraint.

The report also notes new opportunities for leveraging China to restrain Tehran by virtue of the Abraham Accords.

For example, “If Israel and its burgeoning Sunni allies in the Gulf and elsewhere coordinate with each other in their interactions with China, they face better odds of getting Beijing to factor into account their preferences regarding Iran.”

“At the very least, this could nudge China towards more actively pressing Iran to moderate its conduct… this strategic realignment could also in the longer run shape not only how Beijing conducts its commerce, but also how it thinks about its strategic, diplomatic and security priorities in the region,” writes Lim.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO.) is another place that the report states China could positively impact Israel-Iran issues. Israel has applied to the SCO for dialogue partner status, which is two grades lower than being a full member.

If Israel is admitted, the Jewish state would occupy some of the same diplomatic space with Iran.

INSS speculates that “Relative proximity in such forums allows for the possibility of contacts mediated by third parties like China (or Russia),” while conceding progress from such contacts would still likely be very limited.

The report does warn Israel to be careful to balance its closeness to China with its alliance with the US and with the risk of information being leaked to the Islamic Republic.

It states, “the presence of Chinese state-owned enterprises and their subsidiaries in construction and infrastructure projects in both Iran and Israel require careful treatment and insulation, and Jerusalem must assume information-sharing between Beijing and Tehran.”

“Some of these projects are hot-wired with control, signaling, and monitoring networks looped into broader urban or national-level grids that can be electronically disrupted and manipulated, while others may be located in the proximity of sensitive government sites including military, naval, and intelligence facilities,” says the report.

According to INSS, “the China Railway Tunnel Group, which holds 51-percent shares in a joint consortium constructing much of the red line segment of Tel Aviv’s light rail network, is a subsidiary of CREC.”

But “CREC is partnered with the IRGC’s Khatam al-Anbia conglomerate in the construction of the Tehran-Qom-Esfahan fast rail,” notes Lim.

The report explains, “For Israel’s part, recognizing the strengths and limits of China-Iran relations will be crucial to moving forward.”

Lim is a senior risk adviser for the Middle East and North Africa at IHS Markit Country Risk, where he runs the Iran desk and is a research fellow at INSS.

真主黨將在黎巴嫩未來的政府中扮演什麼角色？

伊朗有興趣看到其盟友真主黨獲得更多權力。

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 6 月 7 日 19:00

2021 年 5 月 25 日，真主黨成員在黎巴嫩南部與以色列接壤的邊境附近的 Kfar Kila 舉著紀念抵抗和解放日的旗幟

（照片來源：路透社/AZIZ TAHER）

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黎巴嫩無休止的政治危機仍在繼續。自去年貝魯特港爆炸事件後總理哈桑迪亞布辭職以來，它一直缺乏政府。從那時起，該國陷入了一場又一次的危機，真主黨是這些危機的主要恩人。

黎巴嫩總統米歇爾·奧恩與候任總理薩阿德·哈里裡舉行了會談。哈里裡的父親拉菲克於 2005 年被真主黨殺害。

3 月，未能就新內閣達成一致。奧恩希望哈里裡下台。真主黨拒絕了內閣由技術專家組成的建議。

“一個沒有政治團體支持的技術官僚政府不會拯救這個國家，”真主黨領導人哈桑納斯魯拉在 3 月份表示。

5 月，危機仍在繼續。當時，納斯魯拉得了一種未公開的疾病。

據媒體報導，哈里裡告訴議會：“正在發生的事情的真相是共和國總統在他的信息中告訴代表們：'你任命了一位總理。我不要他，我不會讓他組建政府。請擺脫他。這是企圖免除共和國總統阻撓政府組建的指控。”

據阿拉伯新聞報導，美國前中東事務助理國務卿大衛申克週五在接受 Al-Hurra TV 採訪時表示：“奧恩總統和總統的女婿格布蘭巴西爾議員不想要一個技術官僚主義政府從改革開始，因為這會破壞真主黨的地位，以及黎巴嫩政客的一些政治野心。”

議會議長納比赫貝里似乎站在真主黨一邊。黎巴嫩政府的職位以宗派主義為主。奧恩是基督徒，哈里裡是遜尼派，貝里是什葉派。

“專家認為，組建新政府的主要絆腳石仍然是“阻礙三分之一”的問題，哈里裡現在想知道這兩位基督教部長的隸屬關係，他們將在正如貝里建議的那樣，成員增加到 24 名，”阿拉伯周刊新聞網站報導。

伊朗有興趣看到其盟友真主黨獲得更多權力。據伊朗塔斯尼姆通訊社報導，真主黨已與黎巴嫩民族自由運動領導人哈里里和巴西爾建立了聯繫。

“真主黨代表告訴薩阿德·哈里裡，他們已經與黎巴嫩總統米歇爾·奧恩談過解決組建政府問題的必要性，而且傑布蘭·巴西爾強調他不會使組建內閣的過程複雜化，”報告稱。“黎巴嫩民族主義領導人還告訴真主黨代表，他正在積極與議長納比貝里就組建政府問題的倡議進行互動，不應讓負面信號主導內閣。”

哈里裡現在還有一周的時間來解決問題。

Tasnim 報告說：“差異不僅限於這些障礙，而且在部委，尤其是政府職位方面存在重大差異。” “內政部、社會事務部、經濟部和司法部屬於高度敏感的職位，因為它們是關鍵，因為他們必須在政府成立後處理國家的重要事務。”

報告稱，黎巴嫩需要一個政府來應對危機。

“今天，危機已成為黎巴嫩公民的日常用語，這個術語定義了他們日夜生活的方方面面：從排長隊的汽油配額到不斷增加的停電、藥物和醫療危機、街頭垃圾傾倒、銀行賬戶的限制、基本商品價格的無休止上漲，當然還有阻止政府組建的持續政治動盪，”塔斯尼姆報導。“在這種情況下，世界銀行在其最新報告中就黎巴嫩經濟崩潰及其社會安全後果發出警告。”

What role will Hezbollah play in Lebanon’s future government?

Iran is taking an interest in seeing its ally Hezbollah receive more power.

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

JUNE 7, 2021 19:00

Hezbollah members hold flags marking Resistance and Liberation Day, in Kfar Kila near the border with Israel, southern Lebanon, May 25, 2021

(photo credit: REUTERS/AZIZ TAHER)

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Lebanon’s endless political crisis continues. It has lacked a government since prime minister Hassan Diab resigned last year after the Beirut Port explosion. Since then, the country has lurched from crisis to crisis, with Hezbollah being the main benefactor of these crises.

Lebanese President Michel Aoun has held discussions with Saad Hariri, the prime minister-designate. Hariri’s father, Rafik, was murdered by Hezbollah in 2005.

In March, there was a failure to agree on a new cabinet. Aoun wants Hariri to step aside. Hezbollah has refused suggestions that the cabinet be made up of technocrats.

“A government of technocrats that is not backed by political groups won’t save the country,” Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said in March.

In May, the crisis continued. At the time, Nasrallah was getting sick with an undisclosed illness.

According to media reports, Hariri told parliament: “The truth of what is happening is that the president of the republic tells the deputies in his message: ‘You named a prime minister. I do not want him, and I will not allow him to form a government. Please, get rid of him.’ This is an attempt to absolve the president of the republic from the accusation of obstructing the formation of the government.”

According to Arab News, former US assistant secretary of state for Middle East affairs David Schenker said in an interview with Al-Hurra TV on Friday: “President Aoun and MP Gebran Bassil, the president’s son-in-law, do not want a technocratic government that begins with reforms because that would undermine Hezbollah’s position, as well as some political ambitions of Lebanese politicians.”

Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri appears to be siding with Hezbollah. The posts in Lebanon’s government are dominated by sectarianism. Aoun is a Christian, Hariri is a Sunni and Berri is a Shi’ite.

“Experts argue the main stumbling block to the formation of a new government is still the issue of the ‘blocking third’ of portfolios, with Hariri now wanting to know the affiliation of the two Christian ministers who will enter the government when the number of its members is raised to 24, as Berri suggested,” The Arab Weekly news website reported.

Iran is interested in seeing its ally Hezbollah receive more power. Hezbollah has established contacts with Hariri and Bassil, who is the head of the Lebanese National Free Movement, Iran’s Tasnim News Agency reported.

“Hezbollah representatives told Saad Hariri that they had talked to Lebanese President Michel Aoun about the need to resolve the issue of forming a government, and that Gebran Bassil had emphasized that he would not complicate the process of forming a cabinet,” the report said. “The Lebanese nationalist leader also told Hezbollah representatives that he was positively interacting with the initiative of Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri on the issue of forming a government, and that negative signals should not be allowed to dominate the cabinet.”

Hariri now has another week to sort things out.

“The differences are not limited to these barriers, but there are major differences over ministries, especially government posts,” Tasnim reported. “The Interior Ministry, the Social Affairs Ministry, the Economy Ministry and the Justice Ministry are among the posts that are highly sensitive because they are key and because they have to deal with the important affairs of the country after the formation of the government.”

Lebanon needs a government to deal with its crises, the report said.

“Today, the crisis has become an everyday term for Lebanese citizens, a term that defines all aspects of their lives throughout the day and night: from long queues for petrol quotas to rising power outages, drug and healthcare crises, garbage dumping on the streets, restrictions on access to bank accounts, the endless surge in prices for basic goods and, of course, the ongoing political upheaval that prevents government formation,” Tasnim reported. “In such a situation, the World Bank has warned in its latest report about the collapse of the Lebanese economy and its socio-security consequence.”

聯合國拒絕的兩國解決方案-意見

土耳其入侵塞浦路斯並非法吞併領土，與西岸和東耶路撒冷的不幸歷史有著直接的相似之處。

作者：內維爾·特勒

2021 年 6 月 7 日 09:47

聯合國。

（圖片來源：維基共享資源）

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聯合國對以巴爭端的兩國解決方案的熱情支持是有據可查的，但聯合國堅決拒絕接受某種兩國解決方案。

自1974年土耳其從北方入侵，奪取近40%的土地，並自封為北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國以來，塞浦路斯在政治上一直處於分裂狀態。其合法性從未被聯合國、土耳其以外的任何國際組織或國家所接受，也從未被要求將塞浦路斯一分為二。

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土耳其入侵塞浦路斯並非法吞併領土，與西岸和東耶路撒冷的不幸歷史有著直接的相似之處。事實上，土耳其的行動可能就是以此為基礎的。1948 年，約旦軍隊襲擊了這個新生的猶太國家，佔領了約旦河西岸和東耶路撒冷。1950 年，約旦吞併了它們——聯合國或阿拉伯聯盟以及除英國和巴基斯坦以外的任何國家都不承認這一舉動。當 1967 年以色列成功地重新控制它們時，聯合國為以色列解放非法獲得的領土而鼓掌是合乎邏輯的。他們似乎並不這麼看。

至於塞浦路斯，當歐盟於 1996 年決定接納整個國家時，無論是否通過強制分割的決議，土耳其曾一度試圖要求兩國解決方案。當這失敗時，它最終同意參加聯合國發起的會談，重點是將塞浦路斯人民重新團結成一個單一的，如果是雙社區的國家。這一想法是時任聯合國秘書長科菲·安南 2004 年提出的一項計劃的基礎。然而，在公民投票中向塞浦路斯人民提出，它顯然未能獲得希族塞人的支持，因為這將涉及對土耳其侵略的默認承認。大約三分之二的希臘選民拒絕了該計劃。同樣比例的土耳其選民支持它。

塞浦路斯是一個聯合國不能忽視的問題。2021 年 4 月下旬，國際上又一次試圖解決分治困境。 在聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯 (António Guterres) 的倡議下，英國、土耳其和希臘這兩個主要國家和三個保證國在日內瓦會面，非常一致。心裡。最近當選的土耳其塞浦路斯總統埃爾辛·塔塔爾（Ersin Tatar）從一開始就注定了這一輪會談。

“我們正在就兩國解決方案進行談判，”他在會談開始時宣布。但兩國協議必須涉及承認北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國——這是聯合國和希族塞人近 50 年來堅決拒絕的事情。

所以談判以失敗告終。古特雷斯在閉幕詞中說：“不幸的是，今天我們無法達成我們希望達成的協議。但我們不會放棄。” 他說，聯合國將在“可能兩三個月後”做出新的嘗試。

“塞浦路斯主義”是塞浦路斯政治生活的一個充滿活力的方面。它設想了一個獨立於祖國希臘和土耳其之外的獨立塞浦路斯國家。統一分裂國家的想法體現在口號中：“塞浦路斯既不是希臘人也不是土耳其人；它屬於塞浦路斯人。” 這個概念在年輕人中越來越流行，尤其是在土耳其北部。許多人憎恨土耳其對他們的生活施加的壓倒性影響。他們認為這是對他們獨特的世俗文化的威脅。

多年來，土族塞人在統一問題上風起雲湧。有兩次，土耳其領導人實際上推動了實現這一目標的嘗試：2005 年當選北方總統的穆罕默德·阿里·塔拉特 (Mehmet Ali Talat) 和 2015 年當選的穆斯塔法·阿金奇 (Mustafa Akinci)。 儘管這兩項努力都失敗了，但在 2016 年的成功似乎只差一步之遙.

阿金奇的對手、塞浦路斯共和國總統尼科利斯·阿納斯塔西亞德斯是唯一支持安南計劃的希族塞人領導人。他和阿金奇一樣，出生在南部城市利馬索爾。“阿納斯塔西亞德斯先生和我是同一代人，”阿金奇當選後說。“如果我們現在不能解決這個問題，那麼缺乏與其他社區一起生活的記憶的下一代可能會嘗試探索其他選擇，永久離婚可能會擺在桌面上。”

Akıncı 和 Anastasiades 在聯合國的讚助下立即開始了社區間會談，建立在他們密切的個人關係的基礎上。談判進展迅速，塞浦路斯人看到兩位領導人在分隔兩個社區的緩衝區兩側喝咖啡。他們一起出現在電視上，用土耳其語和希臘語發送節日信息。

2016 年 6 月，Akıncı 表示導致統一的談判幾乎完成，可能會在下次會議上敲定。他太樂觀了。時間已經用完了。新的選舉迫在眉睫，阿納斯塔西亞德斯不得不放棄與土耳其同行的認同。這一點在 7 月在聯合國和歐盟的讚助下在瑞士舉行的塞浦路斯統一峰會上變得清晰起來。談判破裂了，再也沒有恢復。鐘擺擺動了。

2020 年 10 月，土族塞人選舉埃爾辛·塔塔爾 (Ersin Tatar) 為總統，他的競選信息是雙族聯邦形式的統一塞浦路斯的概念已經過時。相反，韃靼人說，兩個國家是解決方案；塞浦路斯應該被永久分割。

他的立場符合土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安的地緣政治抱負。2010 年發現以色列外海利維坦氣田，2015 年發現塞浦路斯氣田，促使以色列、希臘和塞浦路斯就建造 1,900 公里長的天然氣田達成協議。（1,180 英里）管道向歐洲輸送天然氣，繞過土耳其。埃爾多安希望開發一條跨安納托利亞管道，將天然氣從阿塞拜疆輸送到歐洲。然而，阿塞拜疆的天然氣儲量不足，這解釋了埃爾多安對塞浦路斯的主張，只有土耳其保留對其自稱為共和國的控制權，這一立場才能持續。

面對埃爾多安的野心，古特雷斯為實現塞浦路斯統一而不斷努力似乎不太可能成功。

A two-state solution the UN rejects - opinion

Turkey’s invasion of Cyprus and its illegal annexation of territory has a direct parallel with the unhappy history of the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

By NEVILLE TELLER

JUNE 7, 2021 09:47

The United Nations.

(photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)

The UN’s enthusiastic support for a two-state solution to the Israel-Palestinian dispute is well attested, but there is a certain two-state solution that the UN resolutely refuses to endorse.

Cyprus has been split apart politically ever since 1974, when Turkey invaded from the north, seized nearly 40% of the land, and set up a self-styled Turkish Republic of northern Cyprus. Its legitimacy has never been accepted by the UN, nor by any international organization or country other than Turkey itself, nor has its demand that Cyprus be split into two states.

Turkey’s invasion of Cyprus and its illegal annexation of territory has a direct parallel with the unhappy history of the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Indeed, Turkey’s action might have been based on it. In 1948, Jordanian forces attacked the newly-born Jewish state and seized the West Bank and east Jerusalem. In 1950, Jordan annexed them – a move not recognized by the UN or the Arab League, nor by any countries except the UK and Pakistan. When in 1967 Israel succeeded in regaining control of them, it would have been logical for the UN to applaud Israel for liberating illegally acquired territories. They did not seem to see it that way.

As for Cyprus, when the EU decided in 1996 to admit the whole of the country, with or without a resolution of its enforced partition, Turkey tried for a while to demand a two-state solution. When that failed, it finally agreed to participate in UN-sponsored talks focused on reuniting the people of Cyprus into a single, if bi-communal, nation. This idea was the basis of a plan proposed in 2004 by then-UN secretary-general, Kofi Annan. Put to the people of Cyprus in a referendum, though, it signally failed to gain the support of Greek Cypriots, since it would have involved a tacit recognition of Turkish aggression. Some two-thirds of Greek voters rejected the plan. The same percentage of Turkish voters supported it.

Cyprus is an issue that the UN cannot leave alone. Another international attempt to resolve the partition dilemma was made toward the end of April 2021. At the initiative of UN secretary-general António Guterres, the two principals and the three guarantor powers – Britain, Turkey and Greece – met in Geneva with reunification very much in mind. Ersin Tatar, recently elected president of Turkish Cyprus, pretty much doomed this round of talks from the start.

“We are negotiating for a two-state solution,” he announced as the talks began. But a two-state deal would have to involve recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus – something the UN and the Greek Cypriots had resolutely refused to do for nearly 50 years.

So the talks ended in failure. In his closing statement, Guterres said, “Unfortunately, today we are not able to reach the agreements that we would wish to reach. But we are not going to give up.” The United Nations, he said, would make a fresh attempt in “probably two or three months.”

“CYPRIOTISM” IS a vibrant aspect of Cypriot political life. It envisions a freestanding Cypriot nation independent of the motherlands Greece and Turkey. The idea of reunifying the divided country is expressed in the slogan: “Cyprus is neither Greek nor Turkish; it belongs to the Cypriots.” That concept is increasingly popular among the young, and especially so in the Turkish north. Many resent the overwhelming influence that Turkey exercises over their lives. They see it as a threat to their unique secular culture.

Over the years, Turkish Cypriots have blown hot and cold over reunification. On two occasions, attempts to achieve it were actually promoted by Turkish leaders: by Mehmet Ali Talat, elected northern president in 2005, and by Mustafa Akinci elected in 2015. Although both efforts came to nothing, in 2016 success seemed only a hand’s breadth away.

Akincı’s counterpart, Nicolis Anastasiades, president of the Cyprus Republic, was the only Greek Cypriot leader who supported the Annan Plan. He, like Akinci, was born in the southern city of Limassol. “Mr Anastasiades and I are of the same generation,” said Akinci after his election. “If we can’t solve this now, then the next generations, who lack memories of living together with the other community, could be tempted to explore other options, and permanent divorce could be on the table.”

Akıncı and Anastasiades immediately started intercommunal talks under UN patronage, building upon their close personal relationship. The talks progressed rapidly, and Cypriots saw the two leaders having coffee on either side of the buffer zone that separates the two communities. They appeared on TV together to send a holiday message in Turkish and Greek.

In June 2016, Akıncı said negotiations leading to reunification were almost completed and might be finalized at the next meeting. He was too optimistic. Time had run out. New elections were looming, and Anastasiades had to pull back from his identification with his Turkish counterpart. This became clear during a summit on Cypriot reunification held in Switzerland that July under the patronage of the UN and the EU. The talks collapsed and were never resumed. The pendulum had swung.

In October 2020, Turkish Cypriots elected as president, Ersin Tatar, whose campaign message had been that the concept of a unified Cyprus in the shape of a bi-communal federation had already had its day. Instead, said Tatar, two states was the solution; Cyprus should be permanently partitioned.

His position accords with the geopolitical aspirations of Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The discovery in 2010 of the Leviathan gas field off Israel, and of Cyprus’s gas field in 2015, has fostered an agreement between Israel, Greece and Cyprus to build a 1,900-km. (1,180-mile) pipeline distributing natural gas to Europe, bypassing Turkey. Erdogan wants to develop a Trans-Anatolian pipeline to deliver natural gas from Azerbaijan to Europe. However, Azerbaijani gas reserves are not sufficient, which explains Erdogan’s claims on those of Cyprus, a position only sustainable if Turkey retains control of its self-declared republic.

In the face of Erdogan’s ambitions, Guterres’s continued efforts to achieve the reunification of Cyprus seem unlikely to succeed.

太空中的示巴醫院：探索醫學科學的最後前沿

Sheba 醫學中心將通過 Rakia 任務啟動外太空醫學研究

由ZEV 存根

2021 年 6 月 7 日 20:51

公理空間站

（圖片來源：AXIOM SPACE）

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當世界領先的醫院之一準備在外太空進行醫學研究時，天空不是極限。

Sheba 醫學中心週一宣布了其新的 ARC 空間實驗室，該實驗室將向外層空間發送八項醫學實驗。這些實驗將由以色列的第二位太空旅行者 Eytan Stibbe 在Axiom Space於 2022 年 2 月的第一次私人太空任務中進行。

Stibbe 是一名前以色列戰鬥機飛行員和商人，他自己為參與這次任務提供了 5000 萬美元的資金，他將在國際空間站上度過 10 天，進行由以色列初創企業、大學和醫院創建的數十項實驗。該任務名為 Rakia（希伯來語中的天堂），由科技部和拉蒙基金會領導。

Sheba 的新太空實驗室“將使我們能夠在這個稱為太空的獨特而微妙的環境中測試我們對醫學未來的許多想法，”ARC 太空實驗室主任哈雷爾·巴里斯博士告訴耶路撒冷郵報。

實驗中將研究太空旅行如何影響太空和地球上的眼部系統。“許多太空旅行者在飛行過程中會出現視力障礙，研究發現太空飛行後視網膜和視神經發生了變化，”巴里斯說。“了解這一點對於美國宇航局製定對策並確保在長時間飛行（例如載人火星任務）中不會損害宇航員的視力至關重要。我們有一個不到 2.5 公斤的設備，Eytan 將使用它在旅途中對他的視網膜進行高分辨率掃描，提供以前從未記錄過的數據。當然，這項研究也可以在地球上產生開創性的影響。”

另一項實驗將研究尿液微生物組的行為。參與該項目的科學家之一本·布爾西解釋說：“我們知道，隨著微生物組中的細菌發生變化，太空中的宇航員在飛行期間和飛行後經常會出現尿路感染、尿急和其他問題。” “這是一個可能影響未來太空旅行的問題，如果我們能夠了解如何預防它。它還可以幫助我們了解影響許多人的相關問題。”

其他實驗將觀察太空旅行者免疫系統的不同方面；研究微重力對血腦屏障通透性的影響及其在未來阿爾茨海默病治療中的潛力；使用眼睛前房的多光譜成像評估全身狀態；研究太空中的 T 細胞活化；並探索在空間微重力下導致細菌毒力增強和抗生素耐藥性的轉錄組變化。

醫生和科學家在謝巴醫療中心新的 ARC 空間實驗室的啟動儀式上合影留念（圖片來源：Zev Stub）

Sheba 擁有三年曆史的 ARC 中心是以色列最大醫院的創新中心，被新聞周刊評為世界前 10 名醫院之一。該項目的實驗由 Sheba 的頂級醫學專家以及來自杰斐遜大學、梅奧診所、麻省理工學院、哈佛大學、德克薩斯理工大學和以色列理工學院的科學專家組成的團隊創建。

Rakia 任務將是示巴醫療中心的第二次太空冒險。2020 年，Sheba 與以色列航天局、意大利航天局、意大利那不勒斯的一所主要大學和 Space Pharma 合作，將一項實驗送入太空，檢查微重力對常見細菌的影響，這些細菌被證明對抗生素具有抗藥性。

參與該計劃的人認為其意義遠遠超出了科學價值。“這實現了我必須將醫學和空間結合起來的終生夢想，”舍巴醫學中心主任伊沙克·克賴斯教授說。“我不知道世界上還有哪個地區比太空更能激發人類和激發想像力。”

Stibbe 強調，他的使命目標也是激勵人們挑戰自然邊界，並幫助開發和推廣以色列技術。

以色列有史以來的第一位宇航員是伊蘭·拉蒙（Ilan Ramon），他在 2003 年的歷史性美國宇航局飛行以災難告終，他的哥倫比亞任務在重新進入地球時被摧毀。Ramon 是 Stibbe 在 IAF 的指揮官，Stibbe 將他的使命獻給了 Ramon 的記憶。

Sheba hospital in space: Exploring the final frontier of medical science

Sheba Medical Center set to launch medical research into outer space with Rakia mission

By ZEV STUB

JUNE 7, 2021 20:51

Axiom Space Station

(photo credit: AXIOM SPACE)

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When one of the world’s leading hospitals prepares to conduct medical research in outer space, the sky is not the limit.

Sheba Medical Center announced Monday its new ARC Space Lab, which will send eight medical experiments into outer space. The experiments will be conducted by Israel’s second space traveler, Eytan Stibbe, on Axiom Space’s first private mission to the International Space Station (ISS) in February 2022.

Stibbe, a former Israeli fighter pilot and businessman who is funding the $50 million cost of his participation on the mission himself, is set to spend 10 days on the ISS, running dozens of experiments created by Israeli start-ups, universities, and hospitals. The mission, called Rakia (a Hebrew word for heaven) is led by the Science and Technology Ministry and the Ramon Foundation.

Sheba’s new space lab “will allow us to test many of our ideas for the future of medicine in this unique and delicate environment called space,” Dr. Harel Baris, Director of the ARC Space Lab, told The Jerusalem Post.

Among the experiments will be a study of how space travel affects the ocular system in space and on Earth. “Many space travelers experience visual impairment during the flights, and studies find changes in the retina and the optic nerve after the space flight,” Baris said. “An understanding of this is crucial for NASA in order to develop countermeasures and to ensure that in long-duration flights, like manned missions to Mars, astronauts’ vision will not be damaged. We have a device that is less than 2.5 kilograms that Eytan will use to take high-resolution scans of his retina over the course of the trip, providing data that has never been recorded before. Of course, this research can have groundbreaking ramifications on Earth, as well.”

Another experiment will investigate the behavior of the urinary microbiome. “We know that astronauts in space often suffer urinary tract infection, urgency, and other issues during and after the flight, as the bacteria in the microbiome change,” explained Ben Boursi, one of the scientists involved with the project. “This is an issue that can affect space travel in the future, and if we can understand how to prevent it. It may also help us understand related issues affecting many people.”

Other experiments will observe different aspects of the space traveler’s immune system; study the impact of microgravity on blood-brain barrier permeability and its potential for future Alzheimer disease treatment; assess systemic states using multispectral imaging of the anterior chamber of the eye; study T-cell activation in space; and explore transcriptomic changes causing bacterial enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance in space microgravity.

Doctors and scientists pose for a picture at the launch of Sheba Medical Center's new ARC Space Lab (credit: Zev Stub)

Sheba’s three-year-old ARC Center is the innovation hub of the largest hospital in Israel, named one of the top 10 in the world by Newsweek. The experiments for the project were created by a team of Sheba’s top medical experts, as well as scientific experts from Jefferson University, the Mayo Clinic, MIT, Harvard, Texas Tech and the Technion.

The Rakia mission will be Sheba Medical Center’s second adventure into space. In 2020, Sheba collaborated with the Israel Space Agency, the Italian Space Agency, a major university in Napoli, Italy and Space Pharma by launching an experiment into space that examined the effects of microgravity on common bacteria, shown to be resistant to antibiotics.

People involved with the program believe that its significance reaches far beyond the scientific value. “This fulfills a lifelong dream I have had to combine medicine and space,” said Prof. Yitshak Kreiss, director-general of the Sheba Medical Center. “ I don’t know any other area of the world that inspires humanity and sparks the imagination more than space.”

Stibbe has stressed that his goal for the mission is also to inspire people to challenge their natural boundaries, as well as to help develop and promote Israeli technologies.

Israel’s first-ever astronaut was Ilan Ramon, whose historic NASA flight in 2003 ended in catastrophe when his Columbia mission was destroyed upon reentering earth. Ramon was Stibbe’s commander in the IAF, and Stibbe has dedicated his mission to Ramon’s memory.

TAU 研究人員開發出對抗抗生素耐藥細菌的方法

研究人員在科學期刊 PNAS - 美國國家科學院院刊上發表了他們的發現。

通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF

2021 年 6 月 7 日 04:32

由於抑制分裂而導致細菌伸長是由噬菌體蛋白引起的。

（照片來源：TRIDIB MAHATA 博士）

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根據特拉維夫大學(TAU) 的一份聲明，特拉維夫大學(TAU) 的研究人員開發了一種“好”病毒可以攻擊“壞”細菌系統的過程。

所發現的方法可以通過阻斷細菌DNA的複制機製而不損害其自身來破壞和影響細菌的繁殖能力——區分好病毒和壞細菌，這可能有助於進一步了解細菌的逃避機制。噬菌體和使用噬菌體來對抗細菌。

細菌的抗生素耐藥性是當今許多科學家面臨的挑戰。該TAU研究人員聲稱，對於這個問題謊言發現過程的進一步調查中一個潛在的解決方案，最重要的理解“噬菌體機制接管細菌作為新的工具來打擊細菌病原體發展的基礎，”學校說。

牢記這一概念，研究人員揭示了上述機制，並發現噬菌體蛋白利用細菌中的 DNA 修復蛋白起作用，“在修復細菌時切斷細菌的 DNA，”TAU 補充道。

“噬菌體利用了細菌 DNA 的修復需要，而噬菌體本身不需要這種特定的修復，”該研究的主要作者之一 Udi Qimron 教授說。“通過這種方式，噬菌體可以破壞細菌而不會對自身造成任何損害。”

“區分自己和他人的能力在自然界和各種生物應用中都非常重要，”Qimron 補充道。“因此，例如，所有抗生素機制僅識別和中和細菌，對人體細胞的影響最小。另一個例子是我們的免疫系統，它旨在最大程度地損害外來因素，同時最大限度地減少自我傷害。”

研究人員開發了一種尋找不受這種機制影響的細菌變異類型的過程，即那些已經對其產生免疫力的細菌變異類型，這導致他們發現了受噬菌體接管影響的特定細菌機制。

“我們發現‘免疫’細菌變種只是停止以容易受到噬菌體攻擊的方式修復它們的 DNA，從而逃避噬菌體的破壞機制。更多地了解噬菌體攻擊細菌的方式，我們的發現可能作為一個Qimron 總結道。

研究人員在科學期刊 PNAS - 美國國家科學院院刊上發表了他們的發現。

TAU researchers develop method to fight bacteria resistant to antibiotics

The researchers published their findings in the scientific journal PNAS - Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF

JUNE 7, 2021 04:32

Elongation of bacteria due to inhibition of division is caused by the bacteriophage protein.

(photo credit: DR. TRIDIB MAHATA)

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Researchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU) have developed a process by which "good" viruses can attack the systems of "bad" bacteria, according to a university statement.

The method discovered could in turn destroy and affect reproduction capabilities of the bacteria by blocking the replication mechanism of the bacteria's DNA without damaging its own - distinguishing good viruses from the bad bacteria, which could be put forth towards a further understanding of bacterial mechanisms for evading bacteriophages and using bacteriophages to combat bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a challenge that many scientists face today. The TAU researchers purport that a potential solution for this problem lies within further investigation of the discovered process, most importantly understanding the "bacteriophage mechanisms for taking over bacteria as a basis for the development of new tools to combat bacterial pathogens," the university said.

Keeping this notion in mind the researchers unveiled the said mechanism and found that the bacteriophage protein works off of a DNA-repair protein in the bacteria to "cut the bacteria's DNA as it is being repaired," TAU added.

"The bacteriophage takes advantage of the bacterial DNA's need for repair, while the bacteriophage itself has no need for this specific kind of repair," said Prof. Udi Qimron, one of the lead authors of the study. "In this way the bacteriophage destroys the bacteria without suffering any damage to itself."

"The ability to distinguish between oneself and others is of enormous importance in nature and in various biological applications," Qimron added. "Thus, for example, all antibiotic mechanisms identify and neutralize bacteria only, with minimal effect on human cells. Another example is our immune system, which is geared toward maximum damage to foreign factors, with minimal self-injury."

The researchers developed a process for searching for types of bacterial variants not impacted by this mechanism, being those who have developed immunity to it, which led them to the discovery of the specific bacterial mechanism affected by bacteriophage takeover.

"We found that the 'immune' bacterial variants simply stopped repairing their DNA in ways that are vulnerable to the bacteriophage attack, thereby evading the bacteriophage's destructive mechanism. Shedding more light on the ways in which bacteriophages attack bacteria, our findings may serve as a tool in the endless battle against antibiotic-resistant bacteria," concluded Qimron.

The researchers published their findings in the scientific journal PNAS - Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.

朝鮮指責“厭惡人類”的以色列進行種族滅絕、“屠殺兒童”

“可以毫不誇張地說，整個加沙地帶已經變成了一個巨大的人類屠宰場和屠殺兒童的地方。”

通過LAHAV哈爾科夫

2021 年 6 月 7 日 17:36

朝鮮領導人金正恩出席了朝鮮平壤最終建造 50,000 套新公寓項目的第一階段開工儀式

（照片來源：朝中社/文件照片來自路透社）

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朝鮮在上個月的“城牆守護者行動”中指責以色列犯有種族滅絕罪、危害人類罪和針對兒童的罪行。

平壤外交部在周五發布的一份聲明中說，以色列具有“極度厭惡人類的精神和擴張領土的野心”，並從事“國家支持的恐怖主義和消滅其他國家的行為”。

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聲明說：“毫不誇張地說，整個加沙地帶已經變成了一個巨大的人類屠宰場和屠殺兒童的地方。”

朝鮮稱，以色列所謂的行為是危害人類罪，挑戰人類的未來。

平壤還指責以色列“通過鎮壓[巴勒斯坦人的]和平祈禱儀式播下仇恨的種子”，這顯然是指警察進入阿克薩清真寺平息騷亂。

聲明繼續說，以色列總理內塔尼亞胡稱以色列是中東唯一的民主國家，“試圖掩蓋他們甚至殺害兒童的罪行”。

哈馬斯在加沙經營的衛生部聲稱，在最後一輪戰鬥中，加沙至少有 63 名兒童被殺。然而，經過社交媒體研究公司 DigFind 等機構的進一步研究，發現其中幾人被加沙恐怖分子用作人體盾牌的火箭彈炸死，至少有兩名青少年是恐怖組織的活躍成員。

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朝鮮

在反以色列的聲明和行動方面有著悠久的歷史，包括派遣飛行員在贖罪日戰爭中幫助埃及，以及向伊朗和敘利亞等以色列的敵人提供武器。

平壤幫助敘利亞開發了核武器，以色列於 2007 年摧毀了該武器。在核反應堆工作的十名朝鮮人在襲擊中喪生。

朝鮮是極權獨裁國家。2014 年聯合國一份關於朝鮮人權的報告稱，“這些侵犯行為的嚴重性、規模和性質揭示了一個在當代世界沒有任何相似之處的國家。

“這些危害人類罪包括滅絕、謀殺、奴役、酷刑、監禁、強姦、強迫墮胎和其他性暴力、基於政治、宗教、種族和性別原因的迫害、人口的強迫遷移、人員強迫失踪和不人道的故意造成長期飢餓的行為，”聯合國朝鮮調查委員會報告說。

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Antisemitism

N. Korea accuses ‘misanthropic’ Israel of genocide, ‘massacring children’

“It is no exaggeration to say that the whole Gaza Strip has turned into a huge human slaughterhouse and a place of massacring children.”

By LAHAV HARKOV

JUNE 7, 2021 17:36

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un attends a ceremony to inaugurate the start of construction on the first phase of a project to eventually build 50,000 new apartments, in Pyongyang, North Korea

(photo credit: KCNA/FILE PHOTO VIA REUTERS)

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North Korea accused Israel of genocide, crimes against humanity and targeting children during Operation Guardian of the Walls last month.

Israel has an “extreme misanthropic spirit and ambition for territorial expansion,” and is engaged in “state-sponsored terrorism and [the] act of obliterating other nations,” the Foreign Ministry in Pyongyang said in a statement released on Friday.

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“It is no exaggeration to say that the whole Gaza Strip has turned into a huge human slaughterhouse and a place of massacring children,” the statement reads.

North Korea said Israel’s alleged actions are a crime against humanity that challenges the future of humankind.

Pyongyang also accused Israel of “sowing the seeds of hatred by suppressing [the Palestinians’] peaceful praying ceremony,” an apparent reference to police entering al-Aqsa Mosque to quell riots.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is “trying to conceal their crime of killing even the children” by saying Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East, the statement continues.

The Hamas-run Health Ministry in Gaza claims that at least 63 children were killed in Gaza during the last round of fighting. Yet, after further research by social media research company DigFind, among others, several of them were found to have been killed by Gazan terrorists’ rockets, used as human shields, and at least two teens were active members of terrorist groups.

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North Korea

has a long history of anti-Israel statements and actions, including sending pilots to help Egypt in the Yom Kippur War and supplying weapons to Israel’s enemies, such as Iran and Syria.

Pyongyang had helped Syria develop a nuclear weapon, which Israel destroyed in 2007. Ten North Koreans working on the nuclear reactor were killed in the strike.

North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship. A 2014 United Nations report on human rights in North Korea said “the gravity, scale and nature of these violations reveal a state that does not have any parallel in the contemporary world.

“These crimes against humanity entail extermination, murder, enslavement, torture, imprisonment, rape, forced abortions and other sexual violence, persecution on political, religious, racial and gender grounds, the forcible transfer of populations, the enforced disappearance of persons and the inhumane act of knowingly causing prolonged starvation,” states the UN Commission of Inquiry Report on North Korea.

聯盟協議：Kotel 協議將實施平等祈禱部分

挪威法律將把盎格魯人帶入議會 * Yamina 和 Yesh Atid 達成的聯盟協議賦予政黨領導人重要的權力。

通過GIL HOFFMAN

2021 年 6 月 7 日 22:25

2021 年 6 月 3 日，在宣布成立新聯盟後，推定即將上任的總理納夫塔利·貝內特 (Naftali Bennett) 和 Yesh Atid 領導人亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 在拉馬特甘 (Ramat Gan) 的 Kfar Maccabiah 酒店合影。

（照片來源：COURTESY YESH ATID）

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由亞米納領導人納夫塔利·貝內特組建的新政府將執行一項決議，在西牆南端創建一個國家認可的平等祈禱區，該決議由本傑明·內塔尼亞胡總理政府通過，然後在哈雷迪（超正統派）壓力下放棄四年前，熟悉談判的消息人士周一透露。

應伊斯拉爾·貝特努的要求，實施西牆協議被列入聯盟協議，其領導人阿維格多·利伯曼在 2017 年投票反對取消該協議。 與不同政黨達成的一些協議，包括宗教和國家問題，與相互之間，不太可能實施。

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但參與起草聯盟協議的消息人士表示，西牆協議將取得成果，因為政府中的所有政黨都支持它。

西牆協議要求在西牆的南端建立一個大型的、國家認可的平等主義部分，可以從主要的西牆綜合體進入，並由一個董事會管理，其中包括進步的猶太代表和委員會成員。長城組織的婦女。

貝內特於 2014 年在隔離牆的南端建造了一個廣場，該廣場將作為西牆協議的一部分進行升級，該協議由現任總檢察長阿維查·曼德爾布利特 (Avichai Mandelblit) 在擔任內塔尼亞胡內閣秘書時撰寫。

聯盟協議還將包括立即成立一個由最高法院法官領導的委員會來調查梅隆災難，堅定地保證貝內特和 Yesh Atid 負責人 Yair Lapid 之間的輪換將得到實施，以及一項可能阻止內塔尼亞胡返回的法案。功率，第 12 頻道報導。該法案將為擔任八年總理的任何人設立四年冷靜期。

Yamina 表示，Channel 12 的大部分報告都是不准確的，而且是基於過時的協議版本。該黨表示，聯盟將支持任期限制，但否認聯盟將支持一項阻止內塔尼亞胡競選的法案。

跳過 廣告繼續觀看貝內特因幫助推翻內塔尼亞胡而受到福音派領袖的攻擊廣告後

利庫德集團抱怨該法案過於嚴厲，屬於伊朗、敘利亞和朝鮮等政權。

利庫德集團在一份聲明中說：“內塔尼亞胡總理與伊朗作戰，貝內特正在提出一項伊朗式的法案。” “貝內特不惜一切代價瘋狂追求英超聯賽，正在跨越每一條紅線。”

聯盟將推行的另一項反利庫德集團法案將允許 4 名 MK 脫離該黨，而不是該派系的三分之一，即 10 名。

熟悉談判的消息人士周一透露，亞米娜和耶什阿蒂德達成的聯盟協議賦予黨內領導人貝內特和亞伊爾拉皮德共同管理政府的重要權力。

根據協議，貝內特將擔任總理，拉皮德將擔任候補總理，直到 2023 年 8 月，屆時他們將更換職位，但無論誰掌權，他們都將共同做出關鍵決定。

例如，聯盟支持的每一項法案都需要總理和候補總理的批准，他們將擁有相互否決權。

右翼集團亞米納和新希望的選票將與聯盟中其他六個政黨在內閣和部長級立法委員會中的選票具有相同的權重。

在安全內閣中，將有 12 名部長，其中右翼集團各 6 名，其餘 6 個政黨，以保持兩個集團的平等。

要讓新政黨加入聯盟，總理和候補總理都必須同意。

除了法律保證他和貝內特之間的權力更迭會發生，拉皮德告訴 Yesh Atid 派系，他和貝內特之間也有充分的信任。

聯合協議還要求更新挪威法律，允許部長和副部長從議會辭職，由其政黨名單上的下一位候選人取代，以便為聯合政黨提供更多的 MK 在議會中為他們工作。如果部長們辭職，他們會自動回到以色列議會。

新希望和梅雷茨各有六個席位，可以讓三個新的 MK 進入以色列議會。Yamina、Labor 和 Yisrael Beytenu 擁有 7 個席位，Blue and White 擁有 8 個席位，可以有 4 個 MK 加入，而擁有 17 個席位的 Yesh Atid 可以有 5 個。

各方將自行決定如何以及何時實施該法律。但預計聯盟中的每個政黨都會至少部分地實施它。

在新希望，該法案將使前 MKs Zvi Hauser、Michal Shir Segman 和 Hila Shay Vazan 返回以色列議會。在梅雷茨，前 MK Michal Rosin 將與前特拉維夫-雅法議員 Gabi Lasky 和德魯茲教育家 Ali Salalha 一起返回。

工黨將讓前 MK Nachman Shai、海法女議員 Naama Lazimi、前司法部長 Yossi Beilin 的兒子、廣告主管 Gil Beilin 和工黨秘書長 Eran Hermoni 重返以色列議會。

在亞米納，預計加入的候選人包括聾人活動家雪莉·平托、法語律師約姆托夫·卡爾馮、阿什杜德女議員斯特拉·溫斯坦（代表該黨的俄語部門）和納哈里亞女議員奧娜·施塔克曼。如果 MK Nir ​​Orbach 退出以色列議會，下一個進入 Yamina 的候選人將是芝加哥出生的 Bennett 顧問 Jeremy Saltan。

在南非長大的前 MK Ruth Wasserman Lande 將回歸藍白。北卡羅來納州出生的環保活動家 Alon Tal 也將進入該黨的議會。

Yisrael Beytenu 的新 MK 將包括特拉維夫大學政治學院院長 Yossi Shain。在 Yesh Atid，將進入的候選人之一是費城出生的前 MK Moshe Tur-Paz。

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