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2021.07.21 國際新聞導讀-以色列專家找到18種藥物可抗新灌灌毒
2021.07.21 國際新聞導讀-以色列專家找到18種藥物可抗新灌灌毒
以色列實驗室：一些現有藥物幾乎可以 100% 阻止 COVID
一個研究小組發現了 18 種他們認為可能有效的藥物。
作者：馬揚霍夫曼
2021 年 7 月 20 日 20:32
2021 年 2 月 12 日，在匈牙利布達佩斯的德爾佩斯中央醫院看到了小瓶 Sputnik V（Gam-COVID-Vac）疫苗。
（照片來源：ZOLTAN BALOGH/MTI/MTVA/POOL VIA REUTERS/FILE PHOTO）
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耶路撒冷希伯來大學的科學家們說，他們已經確定了幾種可能有助於治療甚至“治愈”患 COVID-19 的人的藥物。
亞歷山大·西爾伯曼生命科學研究所的生物化學家 Shy Arkin 教授告訴《耶路撒冷郵報》，在實驗室測試中，將感染 SARS-CoV-2 的細胞與藥物放在一起兩天，“幾乎 100% 的儘管感染了病毒，但細胞仍然存活。”
相比之下，如果沒有預先存在的藥物化合物，大約 50% 的細胞在與病毒接觸後死亡。
Arkin 和他的團隊從一個包含 2,800 多種已批准使用的化合物的庫中篩選出他們認為可能有效的 18 種藥物。在未發表的工作中，研究人員能夠證明其中幾種化合物“在體外實驗中對整個病毒表現出顯著的效力”。
其中兩個是用於治療動脈粥樣硬化的 Darapladib 和用於治療某些血癌的 Flumatinib。Arkin 說他對分享任何藥物的名稱猶豫不決，並補充說他不能推薦它們，直到它們進行適當的臨床試驗。
該團隊專注於藥物再利用，以可能加快任何未來的監管步驟。由於這些藥物已被用於其他適應症，例如，它們的毒性和副作用是已知的並得到批准。
藥物的作用方式是抑制病毒中的兩個目標：E（包膜）蛋白和 3a 蛋白。
E蛋白是所有病毒蛋白中最保守的。例如，雖然 SARS-CoV-2 和 SARS-CoV-1（2003 年病毒）的刺突蛋白只有大約 75% 相同，但它們的 E 蛋白大約有 95% 相似。Arkin 告訴郵報，這意味著即使病毒發生變異，這些藥物也可能保持有效。
輝瑞和 Moderna 疫苗針對的是刺突蛋白。
在之前的研究中，E 和 3a 蛋白被證明是病毒感染所必需的。2004 年，Arkin 的團隊率先研究了第一種 SARS 冠狀病毒的 E 蛋白。
作為 Arkin 團隊進行了 20 多年的研究的一部分，他們發現 E 蛋白是一種離子通道，這是一種幾乎所有活細胞都表達的蛋白質家族，由於其結構“作為優秀且頻繁藥物點干預的目標”，包括囊性纖維化、癲癇、心律失常、神經退行性疾病、高血壓、心絞痛等，報告稱。
Arkin 說，重要的是存在“大量”藥物來對抗 SARS-CoV-2。
“我們永遠不應該處於我們的武器庫中只有一支槍支的情況，”他說。“如果我們只有一個，我們完全依賴它，到時候它會失敗，我們將處於非常危險的境地。”
Arkin 相信他的團隊已準備好進行體外和體內研究，他正在尋找製藥合作夥伴來幫助進行這些試驗。
引用吉利德在大流行開始時以創紀錄的時間獲得美國食品和藥物管理局批准瑞德西韋的成功，Arkin 說他樂觀地認為，至少其中一些化合物可以“與合適的合作夥伴一起很快被批准用於對抗 COVID” 。”
Israeli lab: Some existing drugs could stop COVID at almost 100%
A research team found 18 drugs that they felt could be effective.
By MAAYAN HOFFMAN
JULY 20, 2021 20:32
Vials of the Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccine are seen at the Del-Pest Central Hospital in Budapest, Hungary, February 12, 2021.
(photo credit: ZOLTAN BALOGH/MTI/MTVA/POOL VIA REUTERS/FILE PHOTO)
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Scientists from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem say they have identified several drugs that could potentially help treat, if not “cure,” people who develop COVID-19.
Prof. Shy Arkin, a biochemist in the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, told The Jerusalem Post that in lab tests in which cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 were placed together with the drugs for two days, “almost 100% of the cells lived despite being infected with the virus.”
In contrast, without the preexisting drug compounds, around 50% of the cells died after coming in contact with the virus.
Arkin and his team culled through a library of more than 2,800 approved-for-use compounds, identifying 18 drugs they felt could be effective. In unpublished work, the researchers were able to show that several of these compounds “exhibited remarkable potency against the whole virus in in vitro experiments.”
Two of them are Darapladib, used for the treatment of atherosclerosis, and Flumatinib, used for the treatment of certain blood cancers. Arkin said he was hesitant to share the names of any of the drugs, adding that he could not recommend them until they underwent proper clinical trials.
READ MORE IDF shells Lebanon afterrocket fire
The team focused on drug repurposing to potentially expedite any future regulatory steps. Since the drugs are already being used for other indications, their toxicity and side effects, for example, are known and approved.
The way the drugs work is by inhibiting two targets in the virus: the E (envelope) protein and the 3a protein.
The E protein is the most conserved of all virus proteins. For example, while the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 (the 2003 virus) are only about 75% identical, their E proteins are roughly 95% alike. This means the drugs would likely remain effective even when the virus mutates, Arkin told the Post.
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines target the spike protein.
In previous studies, E and 3a proteins were shown to be essential for viral infectivity. Arkin’s team was among the first to study the E protein of the first SARS coronavirus in 2004.
As part of research that Arkin’s team has been conducting for more than two decades, they identified that the E protein is an ion channel, a type of protein family expressed by virtually all living cells that because of its structure has “served as excellent and frequent targets for pharmaceutical point interventions,” including for cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, arrhythmia, neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, angina and more, the report said.
It is important that “a large arsenal” of drugs exist to fight SARS-CoV-2, Arkin said.
“We should never be in a situation where in our arsenal we only have one firearm,” he said. “If we only have one and we rely solely on it, and then there comes a time that it fails, we will be in a very precarious situation.”
Arkin believes his team is set for in vitro and in vivo studies, and he is looking for a pharmaceutical partner to help carry these trials through.
Citing the success of Gilead obtaining US Food and Drug Administration approval for Remdesivir in record time at the start of the pandemic, Arkin said he was optimistic that at least some of these compounds could be approved for use against COVID “very quickly with the right partner.”
土耳其總統埃爾多安：塞浦路斯談判只能在兩國基礎上恢復
土耳其聲稱，治愈數十年來的隔閡的唯一選擇是讓敵對的希族塞人和國際社會接受兩個主權實體的存在。
通過路透
2021 年 7 月 20 日 12:37
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2020 年 3 月 9 日抵達比利時布魯塞爾，與歐盟理事會主席查爾斯·米歇爾會面。
（照片來源：REUTERS/FRANCOIS LENOIR/文件照片）
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土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安週二表示，關於種族分裂的塞浦路斯未來的和平談判只能在地中海島上的“兩國”之間進行。
在分裂的塞浦路斯首都尼科西亞發表講話時，埃爾多安重申了土耳其在這場破壞土耳其與歐盟和希臘關係的爭端中的立場。
土耳其是目前唯一承認脫離北塞浦路斯的國家。它說，治愈數十年的隔閡的唯一可行選擇是讓敵對的希族塞人和國際社會接受兩個主權實體的存在。
在國際上代表該島並得到歐盟支持的希族塞人拒絕兩國協議，這意味著他們認為分離國家的主權地位是非法的。
“新的談判進程只能在兩國之間進行。我們是對的，我們將捍衛我們的權利到底，”埃爾多安說。
塞浦路斯於 1974 年 7 月 20 日在土耳其入侵中分裂，這是在當時統治希臘的軍政府策劃的希族塞人政變五天后。
尼科西亞北部的慶祝氣氛以紅白相間的土耳其和土族塞人旗幟裝飾，與南部的陰鬱氣氛形成鮮明對比，那裡的希族塞人被空襲警報聲吵醒，標誌著 47 年前土耳其軍隊登陸的那一天.
幾十年來，聯合國一直在與塞浦路斯衝突作鬥爭，沒有結果。
由於對海上能源儲備的競爭性主張，以及土族塞人最近重新開放了瓦羅沙的一部分，這是一個在戰前是塞浦路斯旅遊業中心的幽靈度假勝地，因此正在醞釀中的爭端現在更加引人注目。
Turkey's Erdogan: Cyprus talks can resume only on two-state basis
Turkey claims the only option to heal decades of estrangement is for rival Greek Cypriots and the international community to accept the existence of two sovereign entities.
By REUTERS
JULY 20, 2021 12:37
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan arrives for a meeting with EU Council President Charles Michel in Brussels, Belgium March 9, 2020.
(photo credit: REUTERS/FRANCOIS LENOIR/FILE PHOTO)
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Peace talks on the future of ethnically divided Cyprus can take place only between "the two states" on the Mediterranean island, Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday.
In a speech in the divided Cypriot capital of Nicosia, Erdogan reiterated Turkey's position in a dispute that is damaging Turkey's relations with the European Union and Greece.
Turkey is the only country to now recognize breakaway north Cyprus. It says the only viable option to heal decades of estrangement is for rival Greek Cypriots and the international community to accept the existence of two sovereign entities.
Greek Cypriots, who represent the island internationally and are backed by the EU, reject a two-state deal which would imply a sovereign status to a breakaway state they view as illegal.
"The new negotiation process can only be carried out between the two states. We are right and we will defend our right to the end," Erdogan said.
IDF shells Lebanonafterrocket fire
Cyprus was split in a Turkish invasion on July 20, 1974, five days after a Greek Cypriot coup engineered by the military junta then ruling Greece.
Decked out in red-and-white Turkish and Turkish Cypriot flags, the celebratory mood in north Nicosia stood in stark contrast with the somber mood in the south, where Greek Cypriots were woken by air raid sirens marking the day Turkish forces landed 47 years ago.
The United Nations has grappled inconclusively with the Cyprus conflict for decades.
The simmering dispute is now in sharper focus because of competing claims over offshore energy reserves, and a recent re-opening by Turkish Cypriots of part of Varosha, a ghost resort which was the hub of Cyprus's tourism industry before the war.
Kashrut 改革以廢除首席拉比 kashrut 壟斷
首席拉比譴責改革，但部長堅持認為措施將增加競爭並提高卡什魯特標準。
作者：傑瑞米·沙龍
2021 年 7 月 20 日 21:31
耶路撒冷一家餐館的 KASHRUT 認證——拉比的壟斷地位會被打破嗎？
（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM）
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宗教服務部長 Matan Kahana 週二宣布對kashrut 市場進行一系列影響深遠的改革，這將使首席拉比成為對獨立 kashrut 組織的監管機構，這些組織將作為 kashrut 服務提供商。
這些措施一旦頒布，將實際上結束首席拉比對 kashrut 監管行業的長期壟斷，並使獨立的 kashrut 當局能夠向餐館和其他食品企業頒發 kashrut 許可證。
Kahana 表示，此舉旨在為 kashrut 監管服務創造競爭，從而提高所提供的服務標準，同時解決當前系統中導致腐敗和標準低下的一些最嚴重的問題。
這位部長在周二的新聞發布會上表示，他公佈了改革措施，這也將讓企業可以自由選擇他們想要的監管機構，並且還會為消費者帶來更便宜的價格。
他認為，他尋求制定的措施需要通過立法來實施，這將加強首席拉比，因為它將負責確定全國標準並監督不同的獨立 kashrut 當局。
與此同時，卡哈納承認，首席拉比對改革並沒有“過度興奮”，尤其是在獲得三位市首席拉比批准的情況下，允許卡什魯特供應商確定自己的標準。
改革將通過立法頒布，有 6 到 12 個月的過渡期，在此期間，任何地方拉比都可以在全國任何市政管轄區提供 kashrut 監督，直到初步改革準備好實施。
部長宣布後，首席拉比立即譴責這些改革，稱其為“危險的”，並表示它們將“摧毀以色列的 kashrut”。
極端正統的 MK 和強硬的宗教猶太復國主義黨的 MK 也譴責了擬議的措施，聯合托拉猶太教主席 Moshe Gafni 譴責 Kahana 在該國“尋求根除任何猶太教的火花”。
但幫助起草這些措施的溫和的宗教猶太復國主義遊說團體 Ne'emanei Torah Va'Avodah 對改革表示歡迎，稱它們將允許在 kashrut 市場上進行真正的競爭並提高標準。
目前，只有以市首席拉比為首的當地拉比才可以向食品企業頒發卡什魯特許可證，這些拉比還負責分配卡什魯特監督員對這些企業進行監督，並任命檢查員監督監督員。
除非得到當地拉比的監督，否則任何食品企業都不能以書面形式宣布自己是猶太潔食者，儘管 2017 年高等法院的一項裁決允許獨立的 kashrut 當局規定他們向企業提供各種監督服務，儘管使用了“ kosher”仍然只保留給那些有拉比監督的人。
根據 Kahana 提議的改革，首席拉比基本上將成為獨立 kashrut 監督機構的監管者。
它將在全國范圍內製定統一的 kashrut 標準，可能至少有兩個不同級別的 kashrut 遵守，並且還將負責一個監督機構，檢查各個獨立 kashrut 供應商的合規性。
卡什魯特供應商必須由具有拉比資格的拉比領導，才能擔任市政首席拉比；並且提供者本身需要承諾維護拉比在他們選擇的任何級別設定的標準。
任何現有的 kashrut 供應商都可以成為首席拉比批准的供應商，包括，例如，最嚴格的極端正統 kashrut 監管機構、溫和的宗教-猶太復國主義拉比協會 Tzohar 的 kashrut 權威，或目前提供 kashrut 監管服務的任何地方宗教委員會.
同時，對於任何希望從首席拉比確定的標準中提供更基本的 kashrut 標準的 kashrut 供應商，將有一條替代路線。
這樣的提供者需要尋求三位具有首席拉比的資格的拉比批准其擔任市政首席拉比，然後宣布它計劃遵循哪些 kashrut 標準。
首席拉比的監督機構也將對此類提供者進行監督，並確保其遵守其宣稱要維護的標準。
將利用此類供應商服務的食品企業將能夠宣布自己為猶太潔食，但不能在拉比的主持下進行。
改革將通過與國家預算配套的《安排法》中的立法進行，使其更有可能通過立法程序獲得批准。
“以色列的 kashrut 系統必須變得更有效率，目前的系統存在質量問題、標準不一致、主管的就業條件差、監管有問題以及 kashrut 當局眾多，”卡哈納說。
他補充說，國家審計長的報告抨擊了 kashrut 系統的系統性故障，而他的改革將解決其中的許多問題。
“我領導的革命將加強首席拉比，建立專業的 kashrut 當局，提高 kashrut 標準，創造競爭，降低價格，並允許企業在不同的當局之間進行選擇，並改善主管的工作條件，”卡哈納說。
然而，首席拉比譴責了這些改革。
“首席拉比完全拒絕宗教服務部在以色列摧毀 kashrut 的危險倡議，”說該計劃意味著“在以色列國廢除 kashrut，並為具有商業利益的組織開設集市將授予 kashrut 並允許任何輪車經銷商提供 kashrut，結果將是 kashrut 的破壞。”
Kashrut reforms to abolish Chief Rabbinate kashrut monopoly
Chief Rabbinate denounces reforms, but Minister insists measures will increase competition and raise kashrut standards.
By JEREMY SHARON
JULY 20, 2021 21:31
KASHRUT CERTIFICATION at a Jerusalem eatery – will the rabbinate’s monopoly be broken?
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM)
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Religious Services Minister Matan Kahana announced on Tuesday a far-reaching set of reforms to the kashrut market which will establish the Chief Rabbinate as a regulator over independent kashrut organizations which will serve as the kashrut service provider.
The measures, if enacted, will in effect end the Chief Rabbinate’s long-held monopoly over the kashrut supervision industry and enable independent kashrut authorities to issue kashrut licenses to restaurants and other food businesses.
Kahana said the move is designed to create competition for kashrut supervision services and thereby increase the standard of service provided, while at the same time solving some of the worst problems in the current system which have led to corruption and poor standards.
The minister said at a press conference on Tuesday where he unveiled the reforms that it would also give businesses freedom of choice to choose whichever supervision authority they wish, and would also lead to cheaper prices for consumers.
And he argued that the measures he seeks to institute, which need to be carried out through legislation, would strengthen the Chief Rabbinate since it will be in charge of determining nationwide standards and overseeing the different independent kashrut authorities.
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At the same time, Kahana admitted that the chief rabbis are not “overly excited” by the reforms, especially a track allowing for a kashrut provider to determine its own standards if approved by three municipal chief rabbis.
The reforms would be enacted through legislation with a 6 to 12 month interim period in which any local rabbinate could provide kashrut supervision in any municipal jurisdiction around the country, until the primary reforms are ready to be implemented.
Immediately following the minister’s announcement, the Chief Rabbinate denounced the reforms, describing them as “dangerous” and said they would “destroy kashrut in Israel.”
Ultra-Orthodox MKs and those of the hard-line Religious Zionist Party also condemned the proposed measures, with United Torah Judaism chairman Moshe Gafni denouncing Kahana as “seeking to eradicate any spark of Judaism” in the country.
But moderate religious-Zionist lobbying group Ne’emanei Torah Va’Avodah, which helped draft the measures, welcomed the reforms, saying they would allow for real competition in the kashrut market and increase standards.
Currently, only local rabbinates headed by a municipal chief rabbi can issue kashrut licenses to food businesses, and these rabbinates are also in charge of allocating kashrut supervisors to supervise those businesses, as well as appointing inspectors to oversee the supervisors.
No food business can declare itself in writing to be kosher unless it has supervision from a local rabbinate, although a 2017 High Court of Justice ruling allowed independent kashrut authorities to stipulate that they provide various supervisory services to a business, although use of the word “kosher” was still reserved only for those with rabbinate supervision.
Under the reforms proposed by Kahana, the Chief Rabbinate would essentially become a regulator for independent kashrut supervision authorities.
It would set unified kashrut standards across the country, likely with at least two different levels of kashrut observance, and would also be in charge of an oversight body which checks the compliance of the various independent kashrut providers.
The kashrut providers would have to be headed by a rabbi with qualifications from the rabbinate to serve as a municipal chief rabbi; and the provider itself would need to commit to upholding the standards set by the rabbinate at whichever level they chose.
Any existing kashrut provider could become a Chief Rabbinate approved provider, including, for example, the most stringent ultra-Orthodox kashrut supervision authorities, the kashrut authority of the moderate religious-Zionist rabbinical association Tzohar, or any local religious council currently providing kashrut supervision services.
At the same time, there will be an alternative route for any kashrut provider that wishes to provide more basic kashrut standards from those determined by the Chief Rabbinate.
Such a provider would need to seek the approval for its operations from three rabbis with qualifications from the Chief Rabbinate to serve as municipal chief rabbis, and then declare which kashrut standards it plans to follow.
The Chief Rabbinate’s oversight body would also perform oversight for such a provider and ensure that it complies with the standards it declares itself to uphold.
Food businesses which would avail themselves of the services of such a provider would be able to declare themselves kosher, but not under the auspices of the rabbinate.
The reforms will be carried out through legislation in the Arrangements Law which accompanies the state budget, giving it a greater chance of approval through the legislative process.
“Israel’s kashrut system must become more efficient, the current system suffers from quality problems, divergent standards, poor employment conditions for supervisors, problematic oversight and a multitude of kashrut authorities,” said Kahana.
He added that State Comptroller reports have lambasted the kashrut system for systemic failures, and that his reforms would solve many of these problems.
“The revolution I am leading will strengthen the Chief Rabbinate, establish professional kashrut authorities, improve kashrut standards, create competition, reduce prices and allow businesses to choose between different authorities and improve working conditions for supervisors,” said Kahana.
The Chief Rabbinate denounced the reforms however.
“The Chief Rabbinate totally rejects the dangerous initiative of the Religious Services Ministry to destroy kashrut in Israel,” saying that the plan meant “the abolition of kashrut in the State of Israel, and the opening of a bazaar for organizations with businesses’ interests which will grant kashrut and allow any wheeler-dealer to give kashrut when the result will be the destruction of kashrut.”
在聯合利華的電話會議中，首相誓言對本傑瑞的和解禁令做出“有力”回應
貝內特告訴首席執行官凍結冰淇淋銷售的舉動“顯然是反以色列的”，具有嚴重的影響；駐美國特使敦促 35 位州長採取行動反對“反猶太主義做法”
作者：STUART WINER和TOI 工作人員今天，下午 1:21
納夫塔利·貝內特總理於 2021 年 7 月 19 日在耶路撒冷議會舉行的內閣會議上。 (Marc Israel Sellem/POOL)
總理辦公室週二在一份聲明中表示，總理納夫塔利·貝內特與擁有 Ben & Jerry's 的聯合利華公司的負責人進行了交談，並抗議該集團決定不再在以色列定居點銷售冰淇淋。
談話是在冰淇淋巨頭週一宣布將不再在“巴勒斯坦被佔領土”分銷其產品之後發生的，顯然是指西岸和東耶路撒冷。該公司表示，該決定將於 2022 年底生效，屆時其與當前以色列製造商和分銷商的合同到期。
聲明稱，貝內特告訴聯合利華首席執行官艾倫喬普，他“非常認真地看待本傑瑞抵制以色列的決定”。
總理向喬普強調，聯合利華旗下的 Ben and Jerry's 正在採取“明顯的反以色列步驟”。
貝內特強調，以色列認為該措施具有“嚴重的法律和其他影響”，並補充說，以色列“將大力反對任何針對其公民的抵制行為”，聲明稱。
與此同時，以色列駐美國大使吉拉德·埃爾丹週一晚間致函 35 個州的州長，這些州的法律禁止抵制以色列，要求他們根據自己的立法對本傑瑞餐廳實施制裁。
“我們將向 Ben and Jerry's International 表明，他們卑鄙的決定將產生影響，”Erdan 發推文並附上他的信件副本。
埃爾丹在信中寫道，“抵制居住在猶地亞和撒馬利亞的數十萬公民”是“事實上採用反猶太主義做法，推進猶太國家的合法化和猶太人的非人化”。他用的是聖經中的術語來形容西岸。
埃爾丹指出，基於州法律的決定存在“法律後果”。他敦促不允許“具有激進意識形態議程的美國公司”違反美國政策。他還指出，由於有巴勒斯坦人在與約旦河西岸的以色列人相同的西岸超市購物和工作，他們也將受到影響。
他要求州長們“公開”反對公司的決定，並“採取任何其他相關步驟，包括與你們州的法律以及 Ben and Jerry's 與你們州之間的商業交易有關的步驟”。
Erdan 回憶說，2018 年類似的壓力促使 Airbnb 撤銷了一項類似的決定，即反對與約旦河西岸的以色列定居點合作。
以色列大使吉拉德·埃爾丹在紐約聯合國發表講話。（Shahar Azran/以色列駐聯合國代表團）
全球冰淇淋製造商 Ben & Jerry's Israel 的副總裁 Uri Kendler 週二表示，此舉是對針對以色列的抵制、撤資和製裁 (BDS) 運動的投降。
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Kendler 告訴 Radio 103FM，BDS 運動多年來一直給 Ben & Jerry's 帶來壓力，他和這家以色列公司的其他人一直在努力應對。
“他們總是頂住它[壓力]，”他說。“他們將我們的活動與以色列的政治活動區分開來，並理解這裡非常複雜。”
“遺憾的是，BDS 說服了他們，”肯德勒說，並指出在以色列與統治加沙地帶的哈馬斯恐怖組織 5 月發生衝突後，遊說活動有所增加。
聯合利華首席執行官 Alan Jope 的視頻截圖，2020 年 12 月。（YouTube）
在接受 Kan 公共廣播公司的單獨採訪時，肯德勒說：“我們收到了一項非法和不正當的要求，要求我們不在定居點和耶路撒冷出售。”
以色列將整個耶路撒冷視為其首都，而大多數國際社會不承認其對東耶路撒冷的主權，巴勒斯坦人希望將其作為他們未來國家的首都。
“我們解釋說我們不准備這樣做，”他說。“經過幾個月的談判，他們單方面採取了一項令我們無法接受的聲明。”
肯德勒說，BDS 活動家向 Ben & Jerry 高管提供了錯誤信息。他還批評政府讓聯合利華繼續在該國開展業務，同時其實體抵制定居點。
Ben & Jerry's 冰淇淋於 2021 年 7 月 19 日在耶路撒冷的一家商店發售。（Yonatan Sindel/Flash90）
Ben and Jerry's Israel 首席執行官 Avi Zinger 告訴 Kan：“他們 [Ben and Jerry's] 的讓步對 BDS 來說是一項偉大的成就。”
他說，鑑於美國“難以忍受”的氣氛，特別是在以色列和哈馬斯 5 月份的衝突之後，“他們認為如果他們犧牲我，經過 35 年的運作，他們就會有一些平靜。”
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但 Zinger 說他特別擔心的是，即使冰淇淋是在當地生產的，許多以色列人可能會停止購買這種冰淇淋：“重要的是人們區分藍色和白色 [以色列] 產品和國際公司。”
在宣布這一消息後，週一出現了對 Ben & Jerry's 的強烈抗議。
Bennett 發表聲明稱 Ben & Jerry's 決定將自己打上“反以色列冰淇淋”的標籤。
“這是一個道德錯誤，我相信它也會變成一個商業錯誤，”貝內特說。
外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 也譴責了 Ben & Jerry 的決定，稱其為“對反猶太主義、BDS 以及反以色列和反猶太話語中所有邪惡的可恥投降”。
Yesh Atid 黨主席 Yair Lapid 於 2021 年 7 月 19 日在耶路撒冷以色列議會以色列議會的派系會議上發表講話。 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
然而，反對西岸定居點的親以色列遊說團體 J Street 的執行董事納達夫·塔米爾告訴陸軍電台，以色列的回應只會鼓勵更多的 BDS 活動。
“我對拉皮德外長的回應感到有些失望，”他告訴電視台。“反對 BDS 的立法被美國的自由主義者視為壓制聲音、破壞言論自由和反民主。”
儘管已發布的公告稱，該公司打算通過另一家分銷商繼續在以色列開展業務——但不會繼續在其定居點開展業務，但目前尚不清楚情況是否會如此。該公告顯然是聯合利華在未諮詢 Ben & Jerry 董事會的情況下發布的。Ben & Jerry 的董事長 Anuradha Mittal 告訴 NBC 新聞，該公司本打算發表不同的聲明。據電視台稱，計劃中的聲明沒有提到承諾繼續與這個猶太國家做生意。
In Unilever call, PM vows ‘vigorous’ response to Ben & Jerry’s settlement ban
Bennett tells CEO move to freeze ice cream sales is ‘clearly anti-Israeli,’ has serious implications; envoy to US urges 35 state governors to act against ‘antisemitic practices’
By STUART WINER and TOI STAFFToday, 1:21 pm
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett at a cabinet meeting at the Knesset in Jerusalem, July 19, 2021. (Marc Israel Sellem/POOL)
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett spoke with the head of Unilever, which owns Ben & Jerry’s, and protested the conglomerate’s decision to no longer sell ice cream in Israeli settlements, the Prime Minister’s Office said in a statement Tuesday.
The conversation came after the ice cream giant announced Monday that it will no longer distribute its products in the “Occupied Palestinian Territory,” apparently referring to the West Bank and East Jerusalem. It said the decision would take effect at the end of 2022, when its contract with the current Israeli manufacturer and distributor expires.
Bennett told Unilever CEO Alan Jope that he takes a “very serious view of the decision by Ben & Jerry’s to boycott Israel,” according to the statement.
The prime minister stressed to Jope that the Unilever-owned Ben and Jerry’s was taking a “clearly anti-Israeli step.”
Bennett stressed that Israel sees the measure as having “serious legal and other implications” and added that the Jewish state “will act vigorously against any act of boycott directed against its citizens,” the statement said.
Meanwhile, Israel’s ambassador to the US Gilad Erdan sent letters Monday evening to the governors of 35 states that have laws against boycotting Israel, asking them to place sanctions on Ben and Jerry’s in accordance with their own legislation.
“We will make it clear to Ben and Jerry’s International that their despicable decision will have implications,” Erdan tweeted, along with a copy of his letter.
Erdan wrote in the letter that the “boycott of hundreds of thousands of citizens living in Judea and Samaria” is the “de facto adoption of antisemitic practices and advancement of the delegitimization of the Jewish state and dehumanization of the Jewish people.” He was using the biblical terms for the West Bank.
Erdan noted there were “legal ramifications” to the decisions based on state laws. He urged that “American companies with radical ideological agendas” not be allowed to operate against US policy. He also noted that since there are Palestinians who shop and work at the same West Bank supermarkets as Israelis in the West Bank, they too will be impacted.
He asked the governors to “speak out” against the company decision and take “any other relevant steps including in relation to your state laws and the commercial dealings between Ben and Jerry’s and your state.”
Erdan recalled that similar pressure had in 2018 prompted Airbnb to reverse a similar decision against working with Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
Israeli Ambassador Gilad Erdan speaks at the UN in New York. (Shahar Azran/ Israeli Mission to the UN)
Uri Kendler, vice president of Ben & Jerry’s Israel, a licensee of the global ice cream maker, said Tuesday that the move was a capitulation to the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel.
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Kendler told Radio 103FM that there had been pressure on Ben & Jerry’s by the BDS movement for years, which he and others from the Israel company had worked to counter.
“They always withstood it [the pressure],” he said. “They differentiated between our activities and the political activities in Israel, and understood that it is very complicated here.”
“Regrettably, BDS persuaded them,” Kendler said, noting that there had been increased lobbying in the wake of the May conflict between Israel and the Hamas terror group that rules the Gaza Strip.
Screen capture from video of Unilever CEO Alan Jope, December 2020. (YouTube)
In a separate interview with the Kan public broadcaster, Kendler said: “We received an illegal and illegitimate demand to not sell in the settlements and in Jerusalem.”
Israel sees all of Jerusalem as its capital, while most of the international community doesn’t recognize its sovereignty in East Jerusalem, which Palestinians seek as the capital of their future state.
“We explained that we are not prepared to do that,” he said. “After months of negotiations, they took a unilateral move with an announcement that is unacceptable to us.”
Kendler said Ben & Jerry executives had been fed misinformation by BDS activists. He also criticized the government for letting Unilever continue to operate in the country while its entities boycott the settlements.
Ben & Jerry’s ice creams on sale at a shop in Jerusalem on July 19, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
Ben and Jerry’s Israel CEO Avi Zinger told Kan: “That they [Ben and Jerry’s] gave in is a great achievement for the BDS.”
He said that in light of the “unbearable” atmosphere in the US, in particular following the May conflict between Israel and Hamas, “they thought that if they sacrifice me, after 35 years of operation, they will have some quiet.”
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But what Zinger said he was particularly concerned about was the idea that many Israelis may stop buying the ice cream even though it is made locally: “It is important that people differentiate between the blue and white [Israeli] product and the international company.”
There was an outcry Monday against Ben & Jerry’s following the announcement.
Bennett released a statement saying Ben & Jerry’s had decided to brand itself as “anti-Israel ice cream.”
“This is a moral mistake and I believe it will turn out to be a business mistake as well,” Bennett said.
Foreign Minister Yair Lapid also condemned the Ben & Jerry’s decision, calling it “a disgraceful capitulation to antisemitism, to BDS, to all that is evil in the anti-Israeli and anti-Jewish discourse.”
Head of the Yesh Atid party Yair Lapid speaks during a faction meeting at the Knesset, the Israeli parliament in Jerusalem, on July 19, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
However, Nadav Tamir, executive director of J Street, a pro-Israel lobby group that opposes West Bank settlements, told Army Radio that Israel’s response only encourages more BDS activity.
“I am a little disappointed in the response by Foreign Minister Lapid,” he told the station. “The legislation against BDS is seized upon by liberals in the US as the silencing of voices, damaging freedom of speech, and as anti-democratic.”
Though the published announcement said the company intends to continue working in Israel — but not its settlements — via a different distributor, it was unclear if that will be the case. The announcement was apparently put out by Unilever without consulting the Ben & Jerry’s board. Ben & Jerry’s chairman Anuradha Mittal told NBC News the company had intended to issue a different statement. According to the station, the planned statement made no mention of committing to continue doing business with the Jewish state.
The Associated Press contributed to th
宗教事務部長尋求改革猶太認證，激怒哈雷迪姆
新計劃將創建私人機構，由首席拉比納監督，為每個城市的企業提供認證
由艾米斯皮羅 今天，晚上 7:38
2019 年 12 月 31 日，首席拉比的極端正統派代表穿過耶路撒冷的雅法路，向當地一家餐館提供猶太潔食證書。 (Hadas Parush/Flash90)
宗教事務部長馬坦·卡哈納 (Matan Kahana) 週二公佈了一項改革以色列猶太潔食認證行業的計劃，引發了首席拉比和極端正統派立法者的強烈反對。
“以色列國的 kashrut 系統需要顯著簡化，”Kahana 在宣布擬議改革的視頻中說。“我領導的革命將加強首席拉比並創造競爭，以改善 kashrut，並降低企業的 kosher 認證價格。”
然後 Kahana 發布的計劃將建立一系列私人猶太認證機構，這些機構將被要求維護首席拉比建立的宗教標準。
私人機構將被授權簽發證明，表明他們“在拉比的監督下”。預計每個機構都將由一名獲得該市當地拉比認證的拉比領導。這些機構——也需要證明其財務可行性——將公佈他們在認證中保持的宗教標準。
擬議的計劃還將設立一個由首席拉比納 (Chief Rabbinate) 監督的總體監督機構，以監督私營機構並確保它們遵守承諾達到的標準。
然而，根據計劃，如果一個機構想要頒發卡什魯特級別低於首席拉比的證書，它可以在三個城市拉比批准的拉比的批准下這樣做，並頒發不同的證書——包括一個可以送給在安息日營業的餐廳。
“目前的 kashrut 系統受到質量問題、標準參差不齊、主管的就業條件差、監管有問題和能力水平參差不齊等問題的困擾，”卡哈納說。
這位部長提到了幾個月前的一起悲劇，在這起悲劇中，一名 23 歲的嚴重乳製品過敏者在 Rosh Pina 的一家猶太肉餐廳訂購甜點後死亡，據稱該餐廳在用完後錯誤地購買了乳製品鮮奶油。
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2021 年 6 月 14 日，新任命的宗教事務部長馬坦·卡哈納 (Matan Kahana) 在耶路撒冷的部委任職。 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
“以色列公民應該得到更好的 kashrut，”Kahana 補充說，他說他的計劃將允許企業在競爭的猶太認證機構之間進行選擇，從而降低價格，“這對遵守猶太潔食的社區來說將是個好消息。”
首席拉比長期以來一直拒絕對其在以色列猶太認證的壟斷進行任何改革，並試圖取締私人競爭機構。
2018 年，在最高法院裁決為猶太潔食競爭鋪平道路數月後，宗教猶太復國主義者 Tzohar 組織推出了自己的私人猶太潔食認證機構。該裁決允許猶太潔食機構向私營企業頒發證書，只要證書不使用“猶太潔食”一詞。在過去的三年裡，越來越多的餐館採用了這家私人機構的服務，證書上有“Tzohar”字樣，但沒有“kosher”字樣。
首席拉比本身發表聲明拒絕卡哈納的新計劃，稱其為“摧毀以色列卡什魯特的危險舉措”。根據拉比的說法，該提案“將意味著該州卡什魯特的終結，並創建一個由動機不純的團體組成的‘集市’，將開始發放認證。”
Rabbi Rafi Feuerstein (L)、Rabbi Dr. Moshe Be'eri (C) 和以色列餐飲協會首席執行官 Shai Berman 於 2018 年 2 月 26 日在特拉維夫舉行的關於建立新 kashrut 系統的新聞發布會上。 (Flash90)
幾位哈雷迪議員也對卡哈納的提議做出了憤怒的反應。
聯合托拉猶太教領袖 MK Moshe Gafni 告訴 Kan 公共廣播公司，該提議將“消除以色列的 kashrut”。加夫尼說，如果宗教事務部“想要精簡系統，他們應該與拉比委員會一起完成。”
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Gafni 說他認為以色列的猶太潔食認證應該在全國范圍內運行：“我認為沒有人會依賴這個新系統。”
Shas 領導人 MK Aryeh Deri 猛烈抨擊該提議是在製造“破壞和腐敗”。
“毫無疑問，主要目標是承認改革猶太認證機構，”德里在陸軍電台聲稱。“在這個過程中沒有經濟考慮，只有破壞和腐敗的創造。”
他補充說，該計劃旨在“粉碎國家的猶太人身份”。
Religious affairs minister seeks to reform kosher certification, irking Haredim
New plan would create private agencies, overseen by the Chief Rabbinate, to provide certifications to businesses in each city
By AMY SPIRO Today, 7:38 pm
Ultra-Orthodox representatives of the Chief Rabbinate cross Jaffa Road in Jerusalem as they deliver a kosher certificate to a local restaurant, on December 31, 2019. (Hadas Parush/Flash90)
Religious Affairs Minister Matan Kahana unveiled on Tuesday a plan to overhaul Israel’s kosher certification industry, sparking backlash from the Chief Rabbinate and ultra-Orthodox lawmakers.
“The kashrut system of the State of Israel needs to be significantly streamlined,” said Kahana in a video announcing the proposed reforms. “The revolution I am leading will strengthen the Chief Rabbinate and create competition that will improve kashrut, as well as lower the price of kosher certification for businesses.”
Then plan released by Kahana would establish a series of private kosher certification agencies that will be required to uphold religious standards established by the Chief Rabbinate.
The private agencies will be authorized to issue certifications that note they are “under the supervision of the Rabbinate.” Each agency is expected to be headed by a rabbi who is certified by the city’s local rabbinate. The agencies — which will also need to demonstrate financial viability — will make public the religious standards they are maintaining in their certification.
The proposed plan would also see the creation of an overarching supervisory body of the Chief Rabbinate to monitor the private agencies and ensure they uphold the standards they have promised to meet.
According to the plan, however, if an agency wants to issue a certificate with a lower level of kashrut than the Chief Rabbinate, it can do so with the approval of three city rabbinate-approved rabbis, and issue a different certification — including one that can be given to restaurants open on Shabbat.
“The current kashrut system is plagued by problems with quality, uneven standards, poor employment conditions for supervisors, problematic supervision and varying levels of competency,” said Kahana.
The minister referenced a tragedy several months ago, during which a 23-year-old with severe dairy allergies died after ordering dessert at a kosher meat restaurant in Rosh Pina, which had allegedly mistakenly purchased dairy whipped cream after running out.
Newly appointed Religious Affairs Minister Matan Kahana at his ministry in Jerusalem, on June 14, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
“The citizens of Israel deserve better kashrut,” Kahana added, saying his plan will allow businesses to choose between competing kosher certification agencies, leading to lower prices, and “will be great news for the kosher-keeping community.”
The Chief Rabbinate has long resisted any reforms to its monopoly over kosher certification in Israel, and has sought to quash private competing agencies.
In 2018, the religious-Zionist Tzohar organization launched its own private kosher certification agency, months after a Supreme Court ruling paved the way for kosher competition. That ruling allowed kosher agencies to issue certifications to private businesses, as long as the certificates did not use the word “kosher.” More and more eateries have adopted the private agency’s services over the past three years, bearing certificates with the word “Tzohar,” but not “kosher.”
The Chief Rabbinate itself issued a statement rejecting Kahana’s new plan, calling it “a dangerous initiative to destroy kashrut in Israel.” According to the rabbinate, the proposal “would mean the end of kashrut in the state and the creation of a ‘bazaar’ of groups with impure motives that will begin handing out certification.”
Rabbi Rafi Feuerstein (L), Rabbi Dr. Moshe Be’eri (C) and Shai Berman, CEO of the Israel Restaurant Association, at a press conference on the establishment of a new kashrut system in Tel Aviv, on February 26, 2018. (Flash90)
Several Haredi lawmakers also reacted in anger to Kahana’s proposal.
United Torah Judaism leader MK Moshe Gafni told the Kan public broadcaster that the proposal would “eliminate kashrut in Israel.” Gafni said that if the Religious Affairs Ministry “wanted to streamline the system, they should have done it in conjunction with the Rabbinical Council.”
Gafni said he believes that kosher certification in Israel should be nationally run: “I don’t think anyone will rely on this new system.”
Shas leader MK Aryeh Deri slammed the proposal as creating “destruction and corruption.”
“There is no doubt that the main goal is to recognize Reform kosher certifying agencies,” claimed Deri on Army Radio. “There is no economic consideration in this process, only the creation of destruction and corruption.”
He added that the plan seeks to “crush the Jewish identity of the state.”
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2021.07.21 國際新聞導讀-以色列專家找到18種藥物可抗新灌灌毒
以色列實驗室：一些現有藥物幾乎可以 100% 阻止 COVID
一個研究小組發現了 18 種他們認為可能有效的藥物。
作者：馬揚霍夫曼
2021 年 7 月 20 日 20:32
2021 年 2 月 12 日，在匈牙利布達佩斯的德爾佩斯中央醫院看到了小瓶 Sputnik V（Gam-COVID-Vac）疫苗。
（照片來源：ZOLTAN BALOGH/MTI/MTVA/POOL VIA REUTERS/FILE PHOTO）
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耶路撒冷希伯來大學的科學家們說，他們已經確定了幾種可能有助於治療甚至“治愈”患 COVID-19 的人的藥物。
亞歷山大·西爾伯曼生命科學研究所的生物化學家 Shy Arkin 教授告訴《耶路撒冷郵報》，在實驗室測試中，將感染 SARS-CoV-2 的細胞與藥物放在一起兩天，“幾乎 100% 的儘管感染了病毒，但細胞仍然存活。”
相比之下，如果沒有預先存在的藥物化合物，大約 50% 的細胞在與病毒接觸後死亡。
Arkin 和他的團隊從一個包含 2,800 多種已批准使用的化合物的庫中篩選出他們認為可能有效的 18 種藥物。在未發表的工作中，研究人員能夠證明其中幾種化合物“在體外實驗中對整個病毒表現出顯著的效力”。
其中兩個是用於治療動脈粥樣硬化的 Darapladib 和用於治療某些血癌的 Flumatinib。Arkin 說他對分享任何藥物的名稱猶豫不決，並補充說他不能推薦它們，直到它們進行適當的臨床試驗。
該團隊專注於藥物再利用，以可能加快任何未來的監管步驟。由於這些藥物已被用於其他適應症，例如，它們的毒性和副作用是已知的並得到批准。
藥物的作用方式是抑制病毒中的兩個目標：E（包膜）蛋白和 3a 蛋白。
E蛋白是所有病毒蛋白中最保守的。例如，雖然 SARS-CoV-2 和 SARS-CoV-1（2003 年病毒）的刺突蛋白只有大約 75% 相同，但它們的 E 蛋白大約有 95% 相似。Arkin 告訴郵報，這意味著即使病毒發生變異，這些藥物也可能保持有效。
輝瑞和 Moderna 疫苗針對的是刺突蛋白。
在之前的研究中，E 和 3a 蛋白被證明是病毒感染所必需的。2004 年，Arkin 的團隊率先研究了第一種 SARS 冠狀病毒的 E 蛋白。
作為 Arkin 團隊進行了 20 多年的研究的一部分，他們發現 E 蛋白是一種離子通道，這是一種幾乎所有活細胞都表達的蛋白質家族，由於其結構“作為優秀且頻繁藥物點干預的目標”，包括囊性纖維化、癲癇、心律失常、神經退行性疾病、高血壓、心絞痛等，報告稱。
Arkin 說，重要的是存在“大量”藥物來對抗 SARS-CoV-2。
“我們永遠不應該處於我們的武器庫中只有一支槍支的情況，”他說。“如果我們只有一個，我們完全依賴它，到時候它會失敗，我們將處於非常危險的境地。”
Arkin 相信他的團隊已準備好進行體外和體內研究，他正在尋找製藥合作夥伴來幫助進行這些試驗。
引用吉利德在大流行開始時以創紀錄的時間獲得美國食品和藥物管理局批准瑞德西韋的成功，Arkin 說他樂觀地認為，至少其中一些化合物可以“與合適的合作夥伴一起很快被批准用於對抗 COVID” 。”
Israeli lab: Some existing drugs could stop COVID at almost 100%
A research team found 18 drugs that they felt could be effective.
By MAAYAN HOFFMAN
JULY 20, 2021 20:32
Vials of the Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccine are seen at the Del-Pest Central Hospital in Budapest, Hungary, February 12, 2021.
(photo credit: ZOLTAN BALOGH/MTI/MTVA/POOL VIA REUTERS/FILE PHOTO)
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Scientists from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem say they have identified several drugs that could potentially help treat, if not “cure,” people who develop COVID-19.
Prof. Shy Arkin, a biochemist in the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, told The Jerusalem Post that in lab tests in which cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 were placed together with the drugs for two days, “almost 100% of the cells lived despite being infected with the virus.”
In contrast, without the preexisting drug compounds, around 50% of the cells died after coming in contact with the virus.
Arkin and his team culled through a library of more than 2,800 approved-for-use compounds, identifying 18 drugs they felt could be effective. In unpublished work, the researchers were able to show that several of these compounds “exhibited remarkable potency against the whole virus in in vitro experiments.”
Two of them are Darapladib, used for the treatment of atherosclerosis, and Flumatinib, used for the treatment of certain blood cancers. Arkin said he was hesitant to share the names of any of the drugs, adding that he could not recommend them until they underwent proper clinical trials.
READ MORE IDF shells Lebanon afterrocket fire
The team focused on drug repurposing to potentially expedite any future regulatory steps. Since the drugs are already being used for other indications, their toxicity and side effects, for example, are known and approved.
The way the drugs work is by inhibiting two targets in the virus: the E (envelope) protein and the 3a protein.
The E protein is the most conserved of all virus proteins. For example, while the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 (the 2003 virus) are only about 75% identical, their E proteins are roughly 95% alike. This means the drugs would likely remain effective even when the virus mutates, Arkin told the Post.
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines target the spike protein.
In previous studies, E and 3a proteins were shown to be essential for viral infectivity. Arkin’s team was among the first to study the E protein of the first SARS coronavirus in 2004.
As part of research that Arkin’s team has been conducting for more than two decades, they identified that the E protein is an ion channel, a type of protein family expressed by virtually all living cells that because of its structure has “served as excellent and frequent targets for pharmaceutical point interventions,” including for cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, arrhythmia, neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, angina and more, the report said.
It is important that “a large arsenal” of drugs exist to fight SARS-CoV-2, Arkin said.
“We should never be in a situation where in our arsenal we only have one firearm,” he said. “If we only have one and we rely solely on it, and then there comes a time that it fails, we will be in a very precarious situation.”
Arkin believes his team is set for in vitro and in vivo studies, and he is looking for a pharmaceutical partner to help carry these trials through.
Citing the success of Gilead obtaining US Food and Drug Administration approval for Remdesivir in record time at the start of the pandemic, Arkin said he was optimistic that at least some of these compounds could be approved for use against COVID “very quickly with the right partner.”
土耳其總統埃爾多安：塞浦路斯談判只能在兩國基礎上恢復
土耳其聲稱，治愈數十年來的隔閡的唯一選擇是讓敵對的希族塞人和國際社會接受兩個主權實體的存在。
通過路透
2021 年 7 月 20 日 12:37
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2020 年 3 月 9 日抵達比利時布魯塞爾，與歐盟理事會主席查爾斯·米歇爾會面。
（照片來源：REUTERS/FRANCOIS LENOIR/文件照片）
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土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安週二表示，關於種族分裂的塞浦路斯未來的和平談判只能在地中海島上的“兩國”之間進行。
在分裂的塞浦路斯首都尼科西亞發表講話時，埃爾多安重申了土耳其在這場破壞土耳其與歐盟和希臘關係的爭端中的立場。
土耳其是目前唯一承認脫離北塞浦路斯的國家。它說，治愈數十年的隔閡的唯一可行選擇是讓敵對的希族塞人和國際社會接受兩個主權實體的存在。
在國際上代表該島並得到歐盟支持的希族塞人拒絕兩國協議，這意味著他們認為分離國家的主權地位是非法的。
“新的談判進程只能在兩國之間進行。我們是對的，我們將捍衛我們的權利到底，”埃爾多安說。
塞浦路斯於 1974 年 7 月 20 日在土耳其入侵中分裂，這是在當時統治希臘的軍政府策劃的希族塞人政變五天后。
尼科西亞北部的慶祝氣氛以紅白相間的土耳其和土族塞人旗幟裝飾，與南部的陰鬱氣氛形成鮮明對比，那裡的希族塞人被空襲警報聲吵醒，標誌著 47 年前土耳其軍隊登陸的那一天.
幾十年來，聯合國一直在與塞浦路斯衝突作鬥爭，沒有結果。
由於對海上能源儲備的競爭性主張，以及土族塞人最近重新開放了瓦羅沙的一部分，這是一個在戰前是塞浦路斯旅遊業中心的幽靈度假勝地，因此正在醞釀中的爭端現在更加引人注目。
Turkey's Erdogan: Cyprus talks can resume only on two-state basis
Turkey claims the only option to heal decades of estrangement is for rival Greek Cypriots and the international community to accept the existence of two sovereign entities.
By REUTERS
JULY 20, 2021 12:37
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan arrives for a meeting with EU Council President Charles Michel in Brussels, Belgium March 9, 2020.
(photo credit: REUTERS/FRANCOIS LENOIR/FILE PHOTO)
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Peace talks on the future of ethnically divided Cyprus can take place only between "the two states" on the Mediterranean island, Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday.
In a speech in the divided Cypriot capital of Nicosia, Erdogan reiterated Turkey's position in a dispute that is damaging Turkey's relations with the European Union and Greece.
Turkey is the only country to now recognize breakaway north Cyprus. It says the only viable option to heal decades of estrangement is for rival Greek Cypriots and the international community to accept the existence of two sovereign entities.
Greek Cypriots, who represent the island internationally and are backed by the EU, reject a two-state deal which would imply a sovereign status to a breakaway state they view as illegal.
"The new negotiation process can only be carried out between the two states. We are right and we will defend our right to the end," Erdogan said.
IDF shells Lebanonafterrocket fire
Cyprus was split in a Turkish invasion on July 20, 1974, five days after a Greek Cypriot coup engineered by the military junta then ruling Greece.
Decked out in red-and-white Turkish and Turkish Cypriot flags, the celebratory mood in north Nicosia stood in stark contrast with the somber mood in the south, where Greek Cypriots were woken by air raid sirens marking the day Turkish forces landed 47 years ago.
The United Nations has grappled inconclusively with the Cyprus conflict for decades.
The simmering dispute is now in sharper focus because of competing claims over offshore energy reserves, and a recent re-opening by Turkish Cypriots of part of Varosha, a ghost resort which was the hub of Cyprus's tourism industry before the war.
Kashrut 改革以廢除首席拉比 kashrut 壟斷
首席拉比譴責改革，但部長堅持認為措施將增加競爭並提高卡什魯特標準。
作者：傑瑞米·沙龍
2021 年 7 月 20 日 21:31
耶路撒冷一家餐館的 KASHRUT 認證——拉比的壟斷地位會被打破嗎？
（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM）
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宗教服務部長 Matan Kahana 週二宣布對kashrut 市場進行一系列影響深遠的改革，這將使首席拉比成為對獨立 kashrut 組織的監管機構，這些組織將作為 kashrut 服務提供商。
這些措施一旦頒布，將實際上結束首席拉比對 kashrut 監管行業的長期壟斷，並使獨立的 kashrut 當局能夠向餐館和其他食品企業頒發 kashrut 許可證。
Kahana 表示，此舉旨在為 kashrut 監管服務創造競爭，從而提高所提供的服務標準，同時解決當前系統中導致腐敗和標準低下的一些最嚴重的問題。
這位部長在周二的新聞發布會上表示，他公佈了改革措施，這也將讓企業可以自由選擇他們想要的監管機構，並且還會為消費者帶來更便宜的價格。
他認為，他尋求制定的措施需要通過立法來實施，這將加強首席拉比，因為它將負責確定全國標準並監督不同的獨立 kashrut 當局。
與此同時，卡哈納承認，首席拉比對改革並沒有“過度興奮”，尤其是在獲得三位市首席拉比批准的情況下，允許卡什魯特供應商確定自己的標準。
改革將通過立法頒布，有 6 到 12 個月的過渡期，在此期間，任何地方拉比都可以在全國任何市政管轄區提供 kashrut 監督，直到初步改革準備好實施。
部長宣布後，首席拉比立即譴責這些改革，稱其為“危險的”，並表示它們將“摧毀以色列的 kashrut”。
極端正統的 MK 和強硬的宗教猶太復國主義黨的 MK 也譴責了擬議的措施，聯合托拉猶太教主席 Moshe Gafni 譴責 Kahana 在該國“尋求根除任何猶太教的火花”。
但幫助起草這些措施的溫和的宗教猶太復國主義遊說團體 Ne'emanei Torah Va'Avodah 對改革表示歡迎，稱它們將允許在 kashrut 市場上進行真正的競爭並提高標準。
目前，只有以市首席拉比為首的當地拉比才可以向食品企業頒發卡什魯特許可證，這些拉比還負責分配卡什魯特監督員對這些企業進行監督，並任命檢查員監督監督員。
除非得到當地拉比的監督，否則任何食品企業都不能以書面形式宣布自己是猶太潔食者，儘管 2017 年高等法院的一項裁決允許獨立的 kashrut 當局規定他們向企業提供各種監督服務，儘管使用了“ kosher”仍然只保留給那些有拉比監督的人。
根據 Kahana 提議的改革，首席拉比基本上將成為獨立 kashrut 監督機構的監管者。
它將在全國范圍內製定統一的 kashrut 標準，可能至少有兩個不同級別的 kashrut 遵守，並且還將負責一個監督機構，檢查各個獨立 kashrut 供應商的合規性。
卡什魯特供應商必須由具有拉比資格的拉比領導，才能擔任市政首席拉比；並且提供者本身需要承諾維護拉比在他們選擇的任何級別設定的標準。
任何現有的 kashrut 供應商都可以成為首席拉比批准的供應商，包括，例如，最嚴格的極端正統 kashrut 監管機構、溫和的宗教-猶太復國主義拉比協會 Tzohar 的 kashrut 權威，或目前提供 kashrut 監管服務的任何地方宗教委員會.
同時，對於任何希望從首席拉比確定的標準中提供更基本的 kashrut 標準的 kashrut 供應商，將有一條替代路線。
這樣的提供者需要尋求三位具有首席拉比的資格的拉比批准其擔任市政首席拉比，然後宣布它計劃遵循哪些 kashrut 標準。
首席拉比的監督機構也將對此類提供者進行監督，並確保其遵守其宣稱要維護的標準。
將利用此類供應商服務的食品企業將能夠宣布自己為猶太潔食，但不能在拉比的主持下進行。
改革將通過與國家預算配套的《安排法》中的立法進行，使其更有可能通過立法程序獲得批准。
“以色列的 kashrut 系統必須變得更有效率，目前的系統存在質量問題、標準不一致、主管的就業條件差、監管有問題以及 kashrut 當局眾多，”卡哈納說。
他補充說，國家審計長的報告抨擊了 kashrut 系統的系統性故障，而他的改革將解決其中的許多問題。
“我領導的革命將加強首席拉比，建立專業的 kashrut 當局，提高 kashrut 標準，創造競爭，降低價格，並允許企業在不同的當局之間進行選擇，並改善主管的工作條件，”卡哈納說。
然而，首席拉比譴責了這些改革。
“首席拉比完全拒絕宗教服務部在以色列摧毀 kashrut 的危險倡議，”說該計劃意味著“在以色列國廢除 kashrut，並為具有商業利益的組織開設集市將授予 kashrut 並允許任何輪車經銷商提供 kashrut，結果將是 kashrut 的破壞。”
Kashrut reforms to abolish Chief Rabbinate kashrut monopoly
Chief Rabbinate denounces reforms, but Minister insists measures will increase competition and raise kashrut standards.
By JEREMY SHARON
JULY 20, 2021 21:31
KASHRUT CERTIFICATION at a Jerusalem eatery – will the rabbinate’s monopoly be broken?
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM)
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Religious Services Minister Matan Kahana announced on Tuesday a far-reaching set of reforms to the kashrut market which will establish the Chief Rabbinate as a regulator over independent kashrut organizations which will serve as the kashrut service provider.
The measures, if enacted, will in effect end the Chief Rabbinate’s long-held monopoly over the kashrut supervision industry and enable independent kashrut authorities to issue kashrut licenses to restaurants and other food businesses.
Kahana said the move is designed to create competition for kashrut supervision services and thereby increase the standard of service provided, while at the same time solving some of the worst problems in the current system which have led to corruption and poor standards.
The minister said at a press conference on Tuesday where he unveiled the reforms that it would also give businesses freedom of choice to choose whichever supervision authority they wish, and would also lead to cheaper prices for consumers.
And he argued that the measures he seeks to institute, which need to be carried out through legislation, would strengthen the Chief Rabbinate since it will be in charge of determining nationwide standards and overseeing the different independent kashrut authorities.
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At the same time, Kahana admitted that the chief rabbis are not “overly excited” by the reforms, especially a track allowing for a kashrut provider to determine its own standards if approved by three municipal chief rabbis.
The reforms would be enacted through legislation with a 6 to 12 month interim period in which any local rabbinate could provide kashrut supervision in any municipal jurisdiction around the country, until the primary reforms are ready to be implemented.
Immediately following the minister’s announcement, the Chief Rabbinate denounced the reforms, describing them as “dangerous” and said they would “destroy kashrut in Israel.”
Ultra-Orthodox MKs and those of the hard-line Religious Zionist Party also condemned the proposed measures, with United Torah Judaism chairman Moshe Gafni denouncing Kahana as “seeking to eradicate any spark of Judaism” in the country.
But moderate religious-Zionist lobbying group Ne’emanei Torah Va’Avodah, which helped draft the measures, welcomed the reforms, saying they would allow for real competition in the kashrut market and increase standards.
Currently, only local rabbinates headed by a municipal chief rabbi can issue kashrut licenses to food businesses, and these rabbinates are also in charge of allocating kashrut supervisors to supervise those businesses, as well as appointing inspectors to oversee the supervisors.
No food business can declare itself in writing to be kosher unless it has supervision from a local rabbinate, although a 2017 High Court of Justice ruling allowed independent kashrut authorities to stipulate that they provide various supervisory services to a business, although use of the word “kosher” was still reserved only for those with rabbinate supervision.
Under the reforms proposed by Kahana, the Chief Rabbinate would essentially become a regulator for independent kashrut supervision authorities.
It would set unified kashrut standards across the country, likely with at least two different levels of kashrut observance, and would also be in charge of an oversight body which checks the compliance of the various independent kashrut providers.
The kashrut providers would have to be headed by a rabbi with qualifications from the rabbinate to serve as a municipal chief rabbi; and the provider itself would need to commit to upholding the standards set by the rabbinate at whichever level they chose.
Any existing kashrut provider could become a Chief Rabbinate approved provider, including, for example, the most stringent ultra-Orthodox kashrut supervision authorities, the kashrut authority of the moderate religious-Zionist rabbinical association Tzohar, or any local religious council currently providing kashrut supervision services.
At the same time, there will be an alternative route for any kashrut provider that wishes to provide more basic kashrut standards from those determined by the Chief Rabbinate.
Such a provider would need to seek the approval for its operations from three rabbis with qualifications from the Chief Rabbinate to serve as municipal chief rabbis, and then declare which kashrut standards it plans to follow.
The Chief Rabbinate’s oversight body would also perform oversight for such a provider and ensure that it complies with the standards it declares itself to uphold.
Food businesses which would avail themselves of the services of such a provider would be able to declare themselves kosher, but not under the auspices of the rabbinate.
The reforms will be carried out through legislation in the Arrangements Law which accompanies the state budget, giving it a greater chance of approval through the legislative process.
“Israel’s kashrut system must become more efficient, the current system suffers from quality problems, divergent standards, poor employment conditions for supervisors, problematic oversight and a multitude of kashrut authorities,” said Kahana.
He added that State Comptroller reports have lambasted the kashrut system for systemic failures, and that his reforms would solve many of these problems.
“The revolution I am leading will strengthen the Chief Rabbinate, establish professional kashrut authorities, improve kashrut standards, create competition, reduce prices and allow businesses to choose between different authorities and improve working conditions for supervisors,” said Kahana.
The Chief Rabbinate denounced the reforms however.
“The Chief Rabbinate totally rejects the dangerous initiative of the Religious Services Ministry to destroy kashrut in Israel,” saying that the plan meant “the abolition of kashrut in the State of Israel, and the opening of a bazaar for organizations with businesses’ interests which will grant kashrut and allow any wheeler-dealer to give kashrut when the result will be the destruction of kashrut.”
在聯合利華的電話會議中，首相誓言對本傑瑞的和解禁令做出“有力”回應
貝內特告訴首席執行官凍結冰淇淋銷售的舉動“顯然是反以色列的”，具有嚴重的影響；駐美國特使敦促 35 位州長採取行動反對“反猶太主義做法”
作者：STUART WINER和TOI 工作人員今天，下午 1:21
納夫塔利·貝內特總理於 2021 年 7 月 19 日在耶路撒冷議會舉行的內閣會議上。 (Marc Israel Sellem/POOL)
總理辦公室週二在一份聲明中表示，總理納夫塔利·貝內特與擁有 Ben & Jerry's 的聯合利華公司的負責人進行了交談，並抗議該集團決定不再在以色列定居點銷售冰淇淋。
談話是在冰淇淋巨頭週一宣布將不再在“巴勒斯坦被佔領土”分銷其產品之後發生的，顯然是指西岸和東耶路撒冷。該公司表示，該決定將於 2022 年底生效，屆時其與當前以色列製造商和分銷商的合同到期。
聲明稱，貝內特告訴聯合利華首席執行官艾倫喬普，他“非常認真地看待本傑瑞抵制以色列的決定”。
總理向喬普強調，聯合利華旗下的 Ben and Jerry's 正在採取“明顯的反以色列步驟”。
貝內特強調，以色列認為該措施具有“嚴重的法律和其他影響”，並補充說，以色列“將大力反對任何針對其公民的抵制行為”，聲明稱。
與此同時，以色列駐美國大使吉拉德·埃爾丹週一晚間致函 35 個州的州長，這些州的法律禁止抵制以色列，要求他們根據自己的立法對本傑瑞餐廳實施制裁。
“我們將向 Ben and Jerry's International 表明，他們卑鄙的決定將產生影響，”Erdan 發推文並附上他的信件副本。
埃爾丹在信中寫道，“抵制居住在猶地亞和撒馬利亞的數十萬公民”是“事實上採用反猶太主義做法，推進猶太國家的合法化和猶太人的非人化”。他用的是聖經中的術語來形容西岸。
埃爾丹指出，基於州法律的決定存在“法律後果”。他敦促不允許“具有激進意識形態議程的美國公司”違反美國政策。他還指出，由於有巴勒斯坦人在與約旦河西岸的以色列人相同的西岸超市購物和工作，他們也將受到影響。
他要求州長們“公開”反對公司的決定，並“採取任何其他相關步驟，包括與你們州的法律以及 Ben and Jerry's 與你們州之間的商業交易有關的步驟”。
Erdan 回憶說，2018 年類似的壓力促使 Airbnb 撤銷了一項類似的決定，即反對與約旦河西岸的以色列定居點合作。
以色列大使吉拉德·埃爾丹在紐約聯合國發表講話。（Shahar Azran/以色列駐聯合國代表團）
全球冰淇淋製造商 Ben & Jerry's Israel 的副總裁 Uri Kendler 週二表示，此舉是對針對以色列的抵制、撤資和製裁 (BDS) 運動的投降。
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Kendler 告訴 Radio 103FM，BDS 運動多年來一直給 Ben & Jerry's 帶來壓力，他和這家以色列公司的其他人一直在努力應對。
“他們總是頂住它[壓力]，”他說。“他們將我們的活動與以色列的政治活動區分開來，並理解這裡非常複雜。”
“遺憾的是，BDS 說服了他們，”肯德勒說，並指出在以色列與統治加沙地帶的哈馬斯恐怖組織 5 月發生衝突後，遊說活動有所增加。
聯合利華首席執行官 Alan Jope 的視頻截圖，2020 年 12 月。（YouTube）
在接受 Kan 公共廣播公司的單獨採訪時，肯德勒說：“我們收到了一項非法和不正當的要求，要求我們不在定居點和耶路撒冷出售。”
以色列將整個耶路撒冷視為其首都，而大多數國際社會不承認其對東耶路撒冷的主權，巴勒斯坦人希望將其作為他們未來國家的首都。
“我們解釋說我們不准備這樣做，”他說。“經過幾個月的談判，他們單方面採取了一項令我們無法接受的聲明。”
肯德勒說，BDS 活動家向 Ben & Jerry 高管提供了錯誤信息。他還批評政府讓聯合利華繼續在該國開展業務，同時其實體抵制定居點。
Ben & Jerry's 冰淇淋於 2021 年 7 月 19 日在耶路撒冷的一家商店發售。（Yonatan Sindel/Flash90）
Ben and Jerry's Israel 首席執行官 Avi Zinger 告訴 Kan：“他們 [Ben and Jerry's] 的讓步對 BDS 來說是一項偉大的成就。”
他說，鑑於美國“難以忍受”的氣氛，特別是在以色列和哈馬斯 5 月份的衝突之後，“他們認為如果他們犧牲我，經過 35 年的運作，他們就會有一些平靜。”
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但 Zinger 說他特別擔心的是，即使冰淇淋是在當地生產的，許多以色列人可能會停止購買這種冰淇淋：“重要的是人們區分藍色和白色 [以色列] 產品和國際公司。”
在宣布這一消息後，週一出現了對 Ben & Jerry's 的強烈抗議。
Bennett 發表聲明稱 Ben & Jerry's 決定將自己打上“反以色列冰淇淋”的標籤。
“這是一個道德錯誤，我相信它也會變成一個商業錯誤，”貝內特說。
外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 也譴責了 Ben & Jerry 的決定，稱其為“對反猶太主義、BDS 以及反以色列和反猶太話語中所有邪惡的可恥投降”。
Yesh Atid 黨主席 Yair Lapid 於 2021 年 7 月 19 日在耶路撒冷以色列議會以色列議會的派系會議上發表講話。 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
然而，反對西岸定居點的親以色列遊說團體 J Street 的執行董事納達夫·塔米爾告訴陸軍電台，以色列的回應只會鼓勵更多的 BDS 活動。
“我對拉皮德外長的回應感到有些失望，”他告訴電視台。“反對 BDS 的立法被美國的自由主義者視為壓制聲音、破壞言論自由和反民主。”
儘管已發布的公告稱，該公司打算通過另一家分銷商繼續在以色列開展業務——但不會繼續在其定居點開展業務，但目前尚不清楚情況是否會如此。該公告顯然是聯合利華在未諮詢 Ben & Jerry 董事會的情況下發布的。Ben & Jerry 的董事長 Anuradha Mittal 告訴 NBC 新聞，該公司本打算發表不同的聲明。據電視台稱，計劃中的聲明沒有提到承諾繼續與這個猶太國家做生意。
In Unilever call, PM vows ‘vigorous’ response to Ben & Jerry’s settlement ban
Bennett tells CEO move to freeze ice cream sales is ‘clearly anti-Israeli,’ has serious implications; envoy to US urges 35 state governors to act against ‘antisemitic practices’
By STUART WINER and TOI STAFFToday, 1:21 pm
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett at a cabinet meeting at the Knesset in Jerusalem, July 19, 2021. (Marc Israel Sellem/POOL)
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett spoke with the head of Unilever, which owns Ben & Jerry’s, and protested the conglomerate’s decision to no longer sell ice cream in Israeli settlements, the Prime Minister’s Office said in a statement Tuesday.
The conversation came after the ice cream giant announced Monday that it will no longer distribute its products in the “Occupied Palestinian Territory,” apparently referring to the West Bank and East Jerusalem. It said the decision would take effect at the end of 2022, when its contract with the current Israeli manufacturer and distributor expires.
Bennett told Unilever CEO Alan Jope that he takes a “very serious view of the decision by Ben & Jerry’s to boycott Israel,” according to the statement.
The prime minister stressed to Jope that the Unilever-owned Ben and Jerry’s was taking a “clearly anti-Israeli step.”
Bennett stressed that Israel sees the measure as having “serious legal and other implications” and added that the Jewish state “will act vigorously against any act of boycott directed against its citizens,” the statement said.
Meanwhile, Israel’s ambassador to the US Gilad Erdan sent letters Monday evening to the governors of 35 states that have laws against boycotting Israel, asking them to place sanctions on Ben and Jerry’s in accordance with their own legislation.
“We will make it clear to Ben and Jerry’s International that their despicable decision will have implications,” Erdan tweeted, along with a copy of his letter.
Erdan wrote in the letter that the “boycott of hundreds of thousands of citizens living in Judea and Samaria” is the “de facto adoption of antisemitic practices and advancement of the delegitimization of the Jewish state and dehumanization of the Jewish people.” He was using the biblical terms for the West Bank.
Erdan noted there were “legal ramifications” to the decisions based on state laws. He urged that “American companies with radical ideological agendas” not be allowed to operate against US policy. He also noted that since there are Palestinians who shop and work at the same West Bank supermarkets as Israelis in the West Bank, they too will be impacted.
He asked the governors to “speak out” against the company decision and take “any other relevant steps including in relation to your state laws and the commercial dealings between Ben and Jerry’s and your state.”
Erdan recalled that similar pressure had in 2018 prompted Airbnb to reverse a similar decision against working with Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
Israeli Ambassador Gilad Erdan speaks at the UN in New York. (Shahar Azran/ Israeli Mission to the UN)
Uri Kendler, vice president of Ben & Jerry’s Israel, a licensee of the global ice cream maker, said Tuesday that the move was a capitulation to the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel.
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Kendler told Radio 103FM that there had been pressure on Ben & Jerry’s by the BDS movement for years, which he and others from the Israel company had worked to counter.
“They always withstood it [the pressure],” he said. “They differentiated between our activities and the political activities in Israel, and understood that it is very complicated here.”
“Regrettably, BDS persuaded them,” Kendler said, noting that there had been increased lobbying in the wake of the May conflict between Israel and the Hamas terror group that rules the Gaza Strip.
Screen capture from video of Unilever CEO Alan Jope, December 2020. (YouTube)
In a separate interview with the Kan public broadcaster, Kendler said: “We received an illegal and illegitimate demand to not sell in the settlements and in Jerusalem.”
Israel sees all of Jerusalem as its capital, while most of the international community doesn’t recognize its sovereignty in East Jerusalem, which Palestinians seek as the capital of their future state.
“We explained that we are not prepared to do that,” he said. “After months of negotiations, they took a unilateral move with an announcement that is unacceptable to us.”
Kendler said Ben & Jerry executives had been fed misinformation by BDS activists. He also criticized the government for letting Unilever continue to operate in the country while its entities boycott the settlements.
Ben & Jerry’s ice creams on sale at a shop in Jerusalem on July 19, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
Ben and Jerry’s Israel CEO Avi Zinger told Kan: “That they [Ben and Jerry’s] gave in is a great achievement for the BDS.”
He said that in light of the “unbearable” atmosphere in the US, in particular following the May conflict between Israel and Hamas, “they thought that if they sacrifice me, after 35 years of operation, they will have some quiet.”
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But what Zinger said he was particularly concerned about was the idea that many Israelis may stop buying the ice cream even though it is made locally: “It is important that people differentiate between the blue and white [Israeli] product and the international company.”
There was an outcry Monday against Ben & Jerry’s following the announcement.
Bennett released a statement saying Ben & Jerry’s had decided to brand itself as “anti-Israel ice cream.”
“This is a moral mistake and I believe it will turn out to be a business mistake as well,” Bennett said.
Foreign Minister Yair Lapid also condemned the Ben & Jerry’s decision, calling it “a disgraceful capitulation to antisemitism, to BDS, to all that is evil in the anti-Israeli and anti-Jewish discourse.”
Head of the Yesh Atid party Yair Lapid speaks during a faction meeting at the Knesset, the Israeli parliament in Jerusalem, on July 19, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
However, Nadav Tamir, executive director of J Street, a pro-Israel lobby group that opposes West Bank settlements, told Army Radio that Israel’s response only encourages more BDS activity.
“I am a little disappointed in the response by Foreign Minister Lapid,” he told the station. “The legislation against BDS is seized upon by liberals in the US as the silencing of voices, damaging freedom of speech, and as anti-democratic.”
Though the published announcement said the company intends to continue working in Israel — but not its settlements — via a different distributor, it was unclear if that will be the case. The announcement was apparently put out by Unilever without consulting the Ben & Jerry’s board. Ben & Jerry’s chairman Anuradha Mittal told NBC News the company had intended to issue a different statement. According to the station, the planned statement made no mention of committing to continue doing business with the Jewish state.
The Associated Press contributed to th
宗教事務部長尋求改革猶太認證，激怒哈雷迪姆
新計劃將創建私人機構，由首席拉比納監督，為每個城市的企業提供認證
由艾米斯皮羅 今天，晚上 7:38
2019 年 12 月 31 日，首席拉比的極端正統派代表穿過耶路撒冷的雅法路，向當地一家餐館提供猶太潔食證書。 (Hadas Parush/Flash90)
宗教事務部長馬坦·卡哈納 (Matan Kahana) 週二公佈了一項改革以色列猶太潔食認證行業的計劃，引發了首席拉比和極端正統派立法者的強烈反對。
“以色列國的 kashrut 系統需要顯著簡化，”Kahana 在宣布擬議改革的視頻中說。“我領導的革命將加強首席拉比並創造競爭，以改善 kashrut，並降低企業的 kosher 認證價格。”
然後 Kahana 發布的計劃將建立一系列私人猶太認證機構，這些機構將被要求維護首席拉比建立的宗教標準。
私人機構將被授權簽發證明，表明他們“在拉比的監督下”。預計每個機構都將由一名獲得該市當地拉比認證的拉比領導。這些機構——也需要證明其財務可行性——將公佈他們在認證中保持的宗教標準。
擬議的計劃還將設立一個由首席拉比納 (Chief Rabbinate) 監督的總體監督機構，以監督私營機構並確保它們遵守承諾達到的標準。
然而，根據計劃，如果一個機構想要頒發卡什魯特級別低於首席拉比的證書，它可以在三個城市拉比批准的拉比的批准下這樣做，並頒發不同的證書——包括一個可以送給在安息日營業的餐廳。
“目前的 kashrut 系統受到質量問題、標準參差不齊、主管的就業條件差、監管有問題和能力水平參差不齊等問題的困擾，”卡哈納說。
這位部長提到了幾個月前的一起悲劇，在這起悲劇中，一名 23 歲的嚴重乳製品過敏者在 Rosh Pina 的一家猶太肉餐廳訂購甜點後死亡，據稱該餐廳在用完後錯誤地購買了乳製品鮮奶油。
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2021 年 6 月 14 日，新任命的宗教事務部長馬坦·卡哈納 (Matan Kahana) 在耶路撒冷的部委任職。 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
“以色列公民應該得到更好的 kashrut，”Kahana 補充說，他說他的計劃將允許企業在競爭的猶太認證機構之間進行選擇，從而降低價格，“這對遵守猶太潔食的社區來說將是個好消息。”
首席拉比長期以來一直拒絕對其在以色列猶太認證的壟斷進行任何改革，並試圖取締私人競爭機構。
2018 年，在最高法院裁決為猶太潔食競爭鋪平道路數月後，宗教猶太復國主義者 Tzohar 組織推出了自己的私人猶太潔食認證機構。該裁決允許猶太潔食機構向私營企業頒發證書，只要證書不使用“猶太潔食”一詞。在過去的三年裡，越來越多的餐館採用了這家私人機構的服務，證書上有“Tzohar”字樣，但沒有“kosher”字樣。
首席拉比本身發表聲明拒絕卡哈納的新計劃，稱其為“摧毀以色列卡什魯特的危險舉措”。根據拉比的說法，該提案“將意味著該州卡什魯特的終結，並創建一個由動機不純的團體組成的‘集市’，將開始發放認證。”
Rabbi Rafi Feuerstein (L)、Rabbi Dr. Moshe Be'eri (C) 和以色列餐飲協會首席執行官 Shai Berman 於 2018 年 2 月 26 日在特拉維夫舉行的關於建立新 kashrut 系統的新聞發布會上。 (Flash90)
幾位哈雷迪議員也對卡哈納的提議做出了憤怒的反應。
聯合托拉猶太教領袖 MK Moshe Gafni 告訴 Kan 公共廣播公司，該提議將“消除以色列的 kashrut”。加夫尼說，如果宗教事務部“想要精簡系統，他們應該與拉比委員會一起完成。”
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Gafni 說他認為以色列的猶太潔食認證應該在全國范圍內運行：“我認為沒有人會依賴這個新系統。”
Shas 領導人 MK Aryeh Deri 猛烈抨擊該提議是在製造“破壞和腐敗”。
“毫無疑問，主要目標是承認改革猶太認證機構，”德里在陸軍電台聲稱。“在這個過程中沒有經濟考慮，只有破壞和腐敗的創造。”
他補充說，該計劃旨在“粉碎國家的猶太人身份”。
Religious affairs minister seeks to reform kosher certification, irking Haredim
New plan would create private agencies, overseen by the Chief Rabbinate, to provide certifications to businesses in each city
By AMY SPIRO Today, 7:38 pm
Ultra-Orthodox representatives of the Chief Rabbinate cross Jaffa Road in Jerusalem as they deliver a kosher certificate to a local restaurant, on December 31, 2019. (Hadas Parush/Flash90)
Religious Affairs Minister Matan Kahana unveiled on Tuesday a plan to overhaul Israel’s kosher certification industry, sparking backlash from the Chief Rabbinate and ultra-Orthodox lawmakers.
“The kashrut system of the State of Israel needs to be significantly streamlined,” said Kahana in a video announcing the proposed reforms. “The revolution I am leading will strengthen the Chief Rabbinate and create competition that will improve kashrut, as well as lower the price of kosher certification for businesses.”
Then plan released by Kahana would establish a series of private kosher certification agencies that will be required to uphold religious standards established by the Chief Rabbinate.
The private agencies will be authorized to issue certifications that note they are “under the supervision of the Rabbinate.” Each agency is expected to be headed by a rabbi who is certified by the city’s local rabbinate. The agencies — which will also need to demonstrate financial viability — will make public the religious standards they are maintaining in their certification.
The proposed plan would also see the creation of an overarching supervisory body of the Chief Rabbinate to monitor the private agencies and ensure they uphold the standards they have promised to meet.
According to the plan, however, if an agency wants to issue a certificate with a lower level of kashrut than the Chief Rabbinate, it can do so with the approval of three city rabbinate-approved rabbis, and issue a different certification — including one that can be given to restaurants open on Shabbat.
“The current kashrut system is plagued by problems with quality, uneven standards, poor employment conditions for supervisors, problematic supervision and varying levels of competency,” said Kahana.
The minister referenced a tragedy several months ago, during which a 23-year-old with severe dairy allergies died after ordering dessert at a kosher meat restaurant in Rosh Pina, which had allegedly mistakenly purchased dairy whipped cream after running out.
Newly appointed Religious Affairs Minister Matan Kahana at his ministry in Jerusalem, on June 14, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
“The citizens of Israel deserve better kashrut,” Kahana added, saying his plan will allow businesses to choose between competing kosher certification agencies, leading to lower prices, and “will be great news for the kosher-keeping community.”
The Chief Rabbinate has long resisted any reforms to its monopoly over kosher certification in Israel, and has sought to quash private competing agencies.
In 2018, the religious-Zionist Tzohar organization launched its own private kosher certification agency, months after a Supreme Court ruling paved the way for kosher competition. That ruling allowed kosher agencies to issue certifications to private businesses, as long as the certificates did not use the word “kosher.” More and more eateries have adopted the private agency’s services over the past three years, bearing certificates with the word “Tzohar,” but not “kosher.”
The Chief Rabbinate itself issued a statement rejecting Kahana’s new plan, calling it “a dangerous initiative to destroy kashrut in Israel.” According to the rabbinate, the proposal “would mean the end of kashrut in the state and the creation of a ‘bazaar’ of groups with impure motives that will begin handing out certification.”
Rabbi Rafi Feuerstein (L), Rabbi Dr. Moshe Be’eri (C) and Shai Berman, CEO of the Israel Restaurant Association, at a press conference on the establishment of a new kashrut system in Tel Aviv, on February 26, 2018. (Flash90)
Several Haredi lawmakers also reacted in anger to Kahana’s proposal.
United Torah Judaism leader MK Moshe Gafni told the Kan public broadcaster that the proposal would “eliminate kashrut in Israel.” Gafni said that if the Religious Affairs Ministry “wanted to streamline the system, they should have done it in conjunction with the Rabbinical Council.”
Gafni said he believes that kosher certification in Israel should be nationally run: “I don’t think anyone will rely on this new system.”
Shas leader MK Aryeh Deri slammed the proposal as creating “destruction and corruption.”
“There is no doubt that the main goal is to recognize Reform kosher certifying agencies,” claimed Deri on Army Radio. “There is no economic consideration in this process, only the creation of destruction and corruption.”
He added that the plan seeks to “crush the Jewish identity of the state.”
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