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Share 2021.08.23 國際新聞導讀-日本外相訪問以色列、伊朗等國、塔利班將宣布治國方針、阿富汗反抗軍在潘結熙爾峽谷抵抗土耳其在阿富汗可扮演更重要角色
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2021.08.23 國際新聞導讀-日本外相訪問以色列、伊朗等國、塔利班將宣布治國方針、阿富汗反抗軍在潘結熙爾峽谷抵抗土耳其在阿富汗可扮演更重要角色
2021.08.23 國際新聞導讀-日本外相訪問以色列、伊朗等國、塔利班將宣布治國方針、阿富汗反抗軍在潘結熙爾峽谷抵抗土耳其在阿富汗可扮演更重要角色
以色列訪問幾天后，日本外相在德黑蘭舉行會談
與伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西的會晤旨在“緩和緊張局勢”，此前在耶路撒冷與拉皮德就伊朗問題進行了討論
由機構和TOI 工作人員提供今天，晚上 8:30
伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西（右）歡迎日本外相茂木敏充於 2021 年 8 月 22 日在伊朗德黑蘭總統辦公室會面。（伊朗總統辦公室，美聯社）
日本外相茂木敏充週日在德黑蘭會見了伊朗官員，就在幾天前，就在耶路撒冷會見了以色列高層領導人。
據伊朗通訊社報導，茂木茂木週日在德黑蘭會見了伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西，兩人討論了緩和該地區緊張局勢的問題。總統的官方網站president.ir 稱茂木茂木與賴西討論了雙邊、地區和國際問題。
為期兩天的訪問是自賴西成為伊朗新總統以來日本官員的首次訪問，也是自2019年日本首相訪問伊朗以來的首次訪問。伊朗官方新聞機構伊朗學生通訊社（ISNA）說，茂木茂木是應伊朗外交部長穆罕默德·賈瓦德·扎里夫的正式邀請訪問德黑蘭的。
上週，茂木和外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德在耶路撒冷的討論中，伊朗成為了焦點。據東京稱，日本外相“就中東和平、伊朗和阿富汗等中東局勢進行了討論”，茂木“表示期待以色列與阿拉伯國家關係的發展將朝著緩和該地區的緊張局勢和穩定邁出的一步。”
茂木茂木還在以色列會見了總理納夫塔利·貝內特和總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格，但在會議宣讀中沒有提到伊朗。
茂木茂木目前正在中東進行為期 10 天的旅行，並在埃及、約旦、伊拉克和土耳其停留。他計劃在本週晚些時候訪問卡塔爾來結束他的旅行。
艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統於 2021 年 8 月 18 日在耶路撒冷會見日本外相茂木敏充。 (Mark Neyman/GPO)
日本外相計劃在訪問德黑蘭期間會見其他伊朗官員，包括賴西提名的外交部長侯賽因·阿米拉卜杜拉希安和其他高級官員。
伊朗國營的伊朗伊斯蘭共和國通訊社週六報導稱，茂木茂木訪問德黑蘭的目的是促進與伊朗的雙邊關係，並進一步推動外交努力，以緩和和穩定中東局勢。
廣告
在周日的會議上，賴西對日本和其他國家為幫助阿富汗和該地區建立和平與穩定所做的努力表示歡迎。“伊朗一直支持阿富汗的和平與穩定。當然，我們認為阿富汗人應該在阿富汗做出自己的決定。”
Raisi 說他反對在該地區製造不安全，並補充說：“美國人在該地區的存在，包括阿富汗，並沒有提供安全。”
茂木表示，東京也支持地區國家為實現地區和平與穩定所做的外交努力。他說，日本認為應該和平解決問題，並通過對話來解決。
週日早些時候，茂木茂木會見了扎里夫，兩人還討論了緩和該地區緊張局勢的問題。ISNA 通訊社週日的一份半官方報導稱，茂木茂木與扎里夫討論了雙邊、地區和國際問題。
2019年，日本前首相安倍晉三作為美國前總統唐納德特朗普的對話者訪問了伊朗最高領導人阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊，希望緩和華盛頓和德黑蘭之間的緊張局勢。但哈梅內伊認為特朗普不值得交換信息。
貝內特定於本週晚些時候前往華盛頓，並於週四在白宮會見美國總統喬拜登，伊朗是他的首要議程。
Japanese foreign minister holds talks in Tehran, days after Israel visit
Meeting with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, aimed at ‘deescalating tensions,’ comes after discussions on Iran with Lapid in Jerusalem
By AGENCIES and TOI STAFFToday, 8:30 pm
Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, right, welcomes Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi for their meeting at the presidency office, in Tehran, Iran, on August 22, 2021. (Iranian Presidency Office via AP)
Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi met Iranian officials in Tehran on Sunday, just days after meeting top Israeli leaders in Jerusalem.
According to Iranian news agencies, Motegi met with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, on Sunday in Tehran, and the two discussed the de-escalation of tensions in the region. The president’s official website, president.ir, said Motegi discussed bilateral, regional, and international issues with Raisi.
The two-day visit is the first by a Japanese official since Raisi became Iran’s new president and the first since the Japanese prime minister visited Iran in 2019. The Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) an Iranian state-run news organization, said that Motegi is in Tehran at the official invitation of Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif.
Iran featured in discussions last week between Motegi and Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in Jerusalem. According to Tokyo, the Japanese foreign minister held a “discussion over the situation in the Middle East, such as the Middle East Peace, Iran, and Afghanistan,” and Motegi “expressed his expectation that the development of relations between Israel and Arab states would be a step toward easing tensions and stabilization of the region.”
Motegi also met with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and President Isaac Herzog while in Israel, though Iran was not mentioned in readouts of the meetings.
Motegi is currently on a 10-day trip across the Middle East, and has made stops in Egypt, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. He is slated to wrap up his trip with a visit to Qatar later this week.
President Isaac Herzog meets Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi in Jerusalem, on August 18, 2021. (Mark Neyman/GPO)
The Japanese foreign minister is scheduled to meet with other Iranian officials during his visit to Tehran, including Raisi’s nominated foreign minister, Hossein Amirabdollahian, and other high-ranking officials.
Iran’s state-run IRNA – Islamic Republic News Agency reported Saturday that Motegi’s visit to Tehran is aimed at boosting bilateral relations with Iran, and furthering diplomatic efforts to deescalate and stabilize the Middle East.
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During Sunday’s meeting, Raisi welcomed efforts by Japan and other countries to help establish peace and stability in Afghanistan and the region. “Iran has always supported peace and stability in Afghanistan. Of course, we believe that Afghans should make their own decisions in Afghanistan.”
Raisi said he is opposed to the creation of insecurity in the region, adding: “The presence of Americans in the region, including Afghanistan, has not provided security.”
Motegi said Tokyo also supports diplomatic efforts by regional countries to achieve peace and stability in the region. He said Japan believes problems should be resolved peacefully, and through dialogue.
Earlier on Sunday, Motegi met with Zarif and the two also discussed de-escalation of tensions in the region. A semi-official ISNA news agency report on Sunday said that Motegi discussed bilateral, regional, and international issues with Zarif.
In 2019, former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe visited Iran’s top leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as an interlocutor for former US president Donald Trump, hoping to ease tensions between Washington and Tehran. But Khamenei did not consider Trump worthy of an exchange of messages.
Bennett is slated to depart for Washington later this week, and to meet with US President Joe Biden in the White House on Thursday, with Iran at the top of his agenda.
五角大樓命令美國航空公司協助混亂的喀布爾空運
國防部長啟動很少使用的民用後備航空隊；這18架民用飛機將把人員從海灣國家的美國軍事基地運送到歐洲和美國
作者：弗蘭基·塔加特今天，晚上 9:49
說明。2021 年 3 月 2 日，一架聯合航空公司的波音 737 飛機出現在弗吉尼亞州杜勒斯華盛頓杜勒斯國際機場的門口。（Daniel SLIM / AFP）
華盛頓（法新社）——在喀布爾淪為塔利班極端分子之後，美國周日招募了幾家主要航空公司，從喀布爾瘋狂撤離數万名阿富汗人、美國人和其他外國人。
五角大樓表示，國防部長勞埃德·奧斯汀啟動了很少使用的民用後備空軍艦隊（CRAF），以幫助抵達中東美國基地的人員繼續前進。
“我們將盡最大努力讓每個人，每個想要離開的美國公民離開，”奧斯汀在美國廣播公司接受美國廣播公司採訪時說，美國的阿富汗盟友也是如此。
聲明說，來自美國航空公司、阿特拉斯航空公司、達美航空公司、Omni、夏威夷航空公司和聯合航空公司的 18 艘民用飛機將協助數十艘參與疏散的軍用貨物運輸。
這些飛機不是進出喀布爾，而是將人員從卡塔爾、巴林和阿拉伯聯合酋長國的美國基地運送到歐洲國家，對許多人來說，還將運送到美國。
隨著數千名士兵試圖保護阿富汗首都機場的安全，華盛頓設定了在 8 月 31 日前完成五角大樓有史以來最大的撤離任務之一的最後期限。
2021 年 8 月 16 日，美國士兵在喀布爾的喀布爾機場站崗。（Wakil Kohsar / AFP）
但奧斯汀不排除要求總統延長最後期限。
“我們將繼續評估情況。再次，盡我們所能，讓盡可能多的人離開。當我們接近最後期限時，我們將向總統提出建議，”他告訴 ABC。
廣告
總統喬拜登表示，多達 15,000 名美國人需要從阿富汗撤離，他表示，政府還希望將至少 50,000 名阿富汗盟友及其家人帶出該國。
混亂退出
拜登因塔利班突然獲勝後的混亂退出而受到廣泛批評，他警告說，瘋狂地將美國人、其他外國人和阿富汗盟友帶出塔利班佔領的喀布爾是危險的。
有報導稱塔利班武裝分子恐嚇並毆打試圖到達機場的人，但奧斯汀表示，武裝分子主要是讓美國護照持有人安全通過。
週六，由於“安全威脅”，美國政府警告其公民遠離機場，情況變得更加複雜。
五角大樓週六表示，自行動於 8 月 14 日開始以來，迄今已有 17,000 人被帶走，其中許多人首先飛往卡塔爾或科威特。總數包括 2,500 名美國人。
2021 年 8 月 19 日，在塔利班軍事接管阿富汗後，阿富汗人民坐在一架美國軍用飛機內離開阿富汗，在喀布爾的軍用機場。(Shakib RAHMANI / 法新社)
美國國家安全顧問傑克沙利文週日告訴 CNN，美國軍方及其合作夥伴在過去 24 小時內又運送了 7,900 人。
廣告
“就我們未來能夠完成的目標而言……我們無法確切地確定我們能夠做到的具體數字，但我只想告訴你，我們將努力超越期望，盡我們所能，盡我們所能照顧盡可能多的人，”奧斯汀告訴 ABC。
CRAF 只被激活過兩次——為 1990-91 年的海灣戰爭和 2002-2003 年的伊拉克入侵飛行部隊。
Pentagon orders US airlines to assist with chaotic Kabul airlift
Secretary of Defense activates rarely-used Civil Reserve Air Fleet; the 18 civilian aircraft will transport people from American military bases in Gulf states to Europe and the US
By FRANKIE TAGGARTToday, 9:49 pm
Illustrative. A United Airlines Boeing 737 plane is seen at the gate at Washington's Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Virginia, on March 2, 2021. (Daniel SLIM / AFP)
WASHINGTON (AFP) — The United States on Sunday enlisted several major airlines in its frantic evacuation of tens of thousands of Afghans, Americans, and other foreigners from Kabul, following its fall to Taliban extremists.
Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin activated the rarely-used Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) to aid the onward movement of people arriving at US bases in the Middle East, the Pentagon said.
“We’re going to try our very best to get everybody, every American citizen who wants to get out, out,” Austin said in an ABC interview on the evacuation mission, adding that the same applied to America’s Afghan allies.
Eighteen civilian craft, from American Airlines, Atlas, Delta, Omni, Hawaiian, and United, will aid dozens of military cargo transports involved in the evacuation, the statement said.
Rather than going in and out of Kabul, the planes will transport people from US bases in Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to European countries and, for many, onward to the United States.
With thousands of troops trying to secure the Afghan capital’s airport, Washington has set a deadline to complete one of the largest evacuation missions the Pentagon has ever conducted by August 31.
US soldiers stand guard at the Kabul airport in Kabul on August 16, 2021. (Wakil Kohsar / AFP)
But Austin did not rule out asking the president to extend the deadline.
“We’re going to continue to assess the situation. And again, work as hard as we can to get as many people out as possible. And as we approach that deadline, we’ll make a recommendation to the president,” he told ABC.
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Up to 15,000 Americans need to be removed from Afghanistan, according to President Joe Biden, who says the administration wants to get at least 50,000 Afghan allies and their family members out of the country, as well.
Chaotic exit
Widely criticized over the chaotic exit after a sudden Taliban victory, Biden has warned that the frantic effort to fly Americans, other foreigners, and Afghan allies out of Taliban-occupied Kabul is dangerous.
There have been reports of Taliban militants intimidating and beating people trying to reach the airport, but Austin said the militants had largely been letting American passport holders pass through safely.
The situation was further complicated on Saturday when the US government warned its citizens to stay away from the airport because of “security threats.”
The Pentagon said Saturday that 17,000 people so far had been taken out since the operation began on August 14, with many flown first to Qatar or Kuwait. The total included 2,500 Americans.
Afghan people sit inside a US military aircraft to leave Afghanistan, at the military airport in Kabul on August 19, 2021 after Taliban’s military takeover of Afghanistan. (Shakib RAHMANI / AFP)
US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told CNN Sunday that the US military and its partners had flown out a further 7,900 people in the last 24 hours.
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“In terms of what we’ll be able to accomplish going forward… we can’t place a specific figure on exactly what we’ll be able to do, but I’ll just tell you that we’re going to try to exceed expectations, and do as much as we can, and take care of as many people as we can, for as long as we can,” Austin told ABC.
The CRAF has only been activated twice — to fly troops for the 1990-91 Gulf War and again in 2002-2003 for the Iraq invasion.
阿富汗抵抗力量準備戰鬥，但希望談判
上週，數千人前往潘杰希爾省的堡壘，如果關於國家未來的談判失敗，許多人威脅要與塔利班發生長期衝突
作者：大衛·福克斯和薩阿德·賽義德今天，晚上 8:39
2021 年 8 月 21 日，阿富汗安全部隊新吸收的人員在潘杰希爾省達拉區的班德喬伊地區參加軍事訓練。（Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / 法新社）
阿富汗喀布爾（法新社）——他們的發言人在接受法新社採訪時告訴法新社，前阿富汗政府軍在一個要塞的山谷中發起抵抗運動，他們正在為“長期衝突”做準備，但也在尋求與塔利班進行談判。
Ali Maisam Nazary 說，自從塔利班在閃電襲擊首都喀布爾後控制了這個國家，成千上萬的人前往潘杰希爾加入戰鬥並找到一個安全的避風港繼續他們的生活。
納扎里補充說，在那裡，傳奇聖戰組織指揮官艾哈邁德·沙阿·馬蘇德的兒子艾哈邁德·馬蘇德在 2001 年 9 月 11 日襲擊事件發生前兩天被基地組織暗殺，在那裡集結了大約 9,000 人的戰鬥部隊。
法新社在訓練演習期間拍攝的照片顯示，數十名新兵正在執行健身程序，少數裝甲悍馬駕駛穿過喀布爾東北部的山谷。
民族抵抗陣線的主要目標是避免阿富汗發生進一步的流血事件，並敦促建立新的政府體系。
但納扎里表示，該組織也為衝突做好了準備，如果塔利班不談判，它將面臨全國范圍內的抵抗。
2021 年 8 月 19 日，阿富汗武裝人員在潘杰希爾省巴扎拉克的帕拉克地區用武器和悍馬車支持阿富汗安全部隊對抗塔利班。（Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / 法新社）
“與塔利班達成和平協議的條件是權力下放——一種確保所有人的社會正義、平等、權利和自由的製度，”NRF 對外關係負責人納扎里說，並補充說如果塔利班不同意，將是“長期衝突”。
他補充說，直到幾天前，阿富汗北部的地方領導人與巴基斯坦當局還在進行會談。
廣告
雖然塔利班控制了阿富汗的絕大多數地區，但納扎里樂觀地強調了一些地區的當地民兵已經開始抵制他們的強硬統治並與馬蘇德的 NRF 建立聯繫的報導。
“馬蘇德沒有下令讓這些事情發生，但它們都與我們有關，”納扎里說。“塔利班已經不堪重負。他們不可能同時出現在任何地方。他們的資源是有限的。他們沒有得到大多數人的支持。”
然而，他說，馬蘇德與阿姆魯拉·薩利赫（Amrullah Saleh）有不同的看法，後者也是該國副總統，他也躲在山谷裡，上週發誓要領導起義。
“先生。薩利赫在潘杰希爾。他選擇留在該國而不是逃跑，”納扎里說，並指出薩利赫強烈的反巴基斯坦立場與馬蘇德不一致，後者希望與阿富汗支持塔利班的鄰國保持良好關係。
“先生。薩利赫是反塔利班和反巴基斯坦的。這並不意味著他是這場運動的一部分。他在潘杰希爾，他受到尊重，”納扎里補充道。
納扎里說，現在的目標是保衛潘杰希爾及其人民。“如果有任何侵略，因為我們的戰鬥只是為了防禦；如果有人攻擊我們，我們會保護自己。”
廣告
2021 年 8 月 21 日，在塔利班驚人地接管阿富汗幾天后，阿富汗當地居民的孩子拿著獵槍和一面旗幟站在潘杰希爾省達拉區班德喬伊地區的一座橋上。（艾哈邁德·薩赫勒·阿曼/法新社）
納扎里說，除了馬蘇德的戰鬥部隊，潘杰希爾現在收容了來自阿富汗各地的 1,000 多名流離失所者，他們湧入山谷尋找避難所。
“我們看到潘杰希爾成為所有在其他省份感到受到威脅的群體的安全區。” 他補充說，該省湧入了“感到受到塔利班威脅”的知識分子、婦女和人權活動家以及政治家。
馬蘇德週四在華盛頓郵報發表的一篇專欄文章中呼籲美國提供武器。納扎里告訴法新社，他們還需要人道主義援助來養活和照顧新來的人。
納扎里補充說，馬蘇德決心與山谷人民站在一起，繼承他父親的衣缽，並強調阿富汗需要一個聯合政府系統來結束其無休止的戰爭循環。
“戰爭只是阿富汗衝突的副產品。導致衝突的原因是阿富汗是一個由少數民族組成的國家…… [並且] 在一個多民族國家，你不能讓一個民族主導政治，而其他人則處於邊緣。”
納扎里說，馬蘇德和阿富汗各地的其他人的抵抗對於實現這一變化至關重要。
“潘杰希爾一直是希望的燈塔。”
Afghan resistance forces ready for fight, but hope for negotiations
Thousands have made their way this past week to redoubt in Panjshir province, where many are threatening long-term conflict with the Taliban if talks over country’s future fail
By DAVID FOX and SAAD SAYEEDToday, 8:39 pm
Newly absorbed personnel in the Afghan security forces take part in a military training in Bandejoy area of Dara district in Panjshir province on August 21, 2021. (Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / AFP)
KABUL, Afghanistan (AFP) — Former Afghan government forces forming a resistance movement in a fortified valley are preparing for “long-term conflict,” but are also seeking to negotiate with the Taliban, their spokesman told AFP in an interview.
Since the Taliban took control of the country following a lightning charge into the capital Kabul, thousands of people have made their way to Panjshir to both join the fight and find a safe haven to continue their lives, Ali Maisam Nazary said.
There, Ahmad Massoud, the son of legendary Mujahideen commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, who was assassinated by Al-Qaeda two days before the September 11, 2001 attacks, has assembled a fighting force of around 9,000 people, Nazary added.
Pictures taken by AFP during training exercises show dozens of recruits performing fitness routines, and a handful of armored Humvees driving across the valley northeast of Kabul.
The National Resistance Front’s main goal is to avoid further bloodshed in Afghanistan and press for a new system of government.
But Nazary said the group is also prepared for conflict, and if the Taliban does not negotiate, it will face resistance across the country.
Afghan armed men supporting the Afghan security forces against the Taliban stand with their weapons and Humvee vehicles at Parakh area in Bazarak, Panjshir province on August 19, 2021. (Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / AFP)
“The conditions for a peace deal with the Taliban is decentralization — a system that ensures social justice, equality, rights, and freedom for all,” said Nazary, the NRF’s head of foreign relations, adding that if the Taliban does not agree, there will be “long-term conflict.”
Talks between local leaders from Afghanistan’s north and authorities in Pakistan were taking place until just days ago, he added.
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While the Taliban control the vast majority of Afghanistan, Nazary optimistically highlighted reports that local militias in some districts have already begun resisting their hardline rule and have formed links with Massoud’s NRF.
“Massoud did not give the order for these things to happen but they are all associated with us,” Nazary said. “The Taliban are overstretched. They cannot be everywhere at the same time. Their resources are limited. They do not have support among the majority.”
He said, however, that Massoud had different views from Amrullah Saleh, latterly the country’s vice president, who is also holed up out in the valley, and last week vowed to lead an uprising.
“Mr. Saleh is in Panjshir. He opted to stay in the country and not flee,” Nazary said, noting Saleh’s strong anti-Pakistan stance was at odds with Massoud, who wants good relations with Afghanistan’s Taliban-supporting neighbor.
“Mr. Saleh is anti-Taliban and anti-Pakistani. That does not mean he is a part of this movement. He is in Panjshir and he is respected,” Nazary added.
The aim right now is to defend Panjshir and its people, Nazary said. “If there is any aggression because our fight is only for defense; if anyone attacks us we will defend ourselves.”
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Children of local Afghan residents carrying hunting rifles and a flag stand over a bridge in Bandejoy area of Dara district in Panjshir province on August 21, 2021, days after the Taliban’s stunning takeover of Afghanistan. (Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / AFP)
Alongside Massoud’s fighting force, Panjshir now hosts more than 1,000 displaced people from across Afghanistan who have poured into the valley looking for sanctuary, Nazary said.
“We are seeing Panjshir become a safe zone for all those groups who feel threatened in other provinces.” He added that the province has seen an influx of intellectuals, women’s and human rights activists, and politicians “who feel threatened by the Taliban.”
Massoud appealed for weapons from the United States in an op-ed published in the Washington Post on Thursday. Nazary told AFP that they also require humanitarian assistance to feed and take care of the newly arrived.
Massoud is determined to stand by the people of the valley and take up his father’s mantle, Nazary added, stressing that Afghanistan needs a federated system of government to close its endless cycle of war.
“War is just a byproduct of conflict in Afghanistan. What has caused the conflict is that Afghanistan is a country made up of ethnic minorities… [and] in a multi-ethnic country you cannot have one ethnic group dominate politics and others having a presence in the margins.”
Nazary says Massoud’s resistance, and others across Afghanistan, are vital in making this change happen.
“Panjshir has always been a beacon of hope.”
塔利班將在未來幾天公佈治理框架
塔利班高級談判代表阿米爾·穆罕默德·汗·穆塔奇證實，塔利班最高軍事和政治領導人周五在坎大哈舉行了一次重要會議。
作者：ARSHAD MEHMOUD/媒體熱線
2021 年 8 月 22 日 22:14
2021 年 8 月 17 日，塔利班發言人 Zabihullah Mujahid 在阿富汗喀布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話。
（照片來源：路透社/STRINGER）
廣告
消息人士告訴媒體熱線，塔利班將很快宣布組建由毛拉阿卜杜勒·加尼·巴拉達爾 (Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar) 領導的政府。
直到最近，塔利班駐卡塔爾多哈外交辦公室的負責人巴拉達爾在 8 月 15 日喀布爾淪陷後返回阿富汗。2010年2月，他在巴基斯坦被三軍情報局（ISI）和中央情報局官員組成的小組抓獲，並於2018年10月應美國要求獲釋。
塔利班和其他阿富汗政治領導人正在繼續討論組建政府的問題。
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Taliban promise to protect women,then kill them forhow they dress
塔利班高級談判代表阿米爾·穆罕默德·汗·穆塔奇向媒體證實，塔利班最高軍事和政治領導人的重要會議於週五在坎大哈舉行。
“塔利班最高協商委員會（Majlis e-Shura）成員、駐多哈政治首腦毛拉阿卜杜勒加尼巴拉達爾和塔利班軍事首長也參加了會議，”他補充說。
“我們的大門向所有想在阿富汗建立伊斯蘭國家的人敞開，”穆塔奇繼續說道。“我們希望阿富汗政府能夠修改國家憲法以實施伊斯蘭制度。”
2021 年 8 月 16 日，在巴基斯坦-阿富汗邊境城鎮查曼抵達友誼門過境點後，舉著塔利班旗幟的人聚集在一起歡迎一名從阿富汗監獄獲釋的男子（未圖示）。（圖片來源：REUTERS） )
與此同時，前駐多哈的塔利班高級官員毛拉沙哈布丁德拉瓦、凱魯拉凱爾赫瓦毛拉和阿卜杜勒薩拉姆哈納菲毛拉週六在喀布爾會見了阿富汗前總統哈米德卡爾扎伊和阿富汗前首席執行官阿卜杜拉阿卜杜拉。
塔利班高級代表團週五還會見了前總理和蘇聯時代的聖戰領導人古爾布丁·希克馬蒂亞爾，討論了組建“包容性政府”的問題。
消息人士說：“希克馬蒂亞爾聲稱他支持當前的伊斯蘭組織，他將反對不法分子。”
在周六晚上的一個令人驚訝的舉動中，政治家、商人和被驅逐的阿富汗總統阿什拉夫·加尼的弟弟哈希馬特·加尼在喀布爾宣誓效忠塔利班。
消息人士告訴媒體專線，Hashmat Ghani 會見了塔利班指揮官 Khalil al-Rahman Haqqani，並承諾全力支持。
週日，Hashmat Ghani 在一條推文中說：“雖然我們必須接受塔利班，但不應以此作為西方放棄阿富汗人民的理由。我們一半的人口依賴日薪。在需要時凍結他們的錢可能會帶來災難，不僅在阿富汗，而且在該地區。”
與此同時，包括國民議會議長米爾·拉赫曼·拉赫馬尼和前北方聯盟高級成員在內的阿富汗政治領導人代表團上周訪問了巴基斯坦。
他們會見了總理伊姆蘭·汗、外交部長沙阿·馬哈茂德·庫雷希、陸軍參謀長卡馬爾·賈韋德·巴傑瓦將軍和巴基斯坦最高間諜兼三軍情報局局長法伊茲·哈米德中將。
代表團週五在伊斯蘭堡舉行新聞發布會，稱“阿富汗在 1996 年經歷了一黨（塔利班）政府，但失敗了。為了避免這種情況，我們正在努力組建一個適合多民族阿富汗社會的包容性政府。”
伊斯蘭堡消息人士周六表示，巴基斯坦可能會主辦一次地區會議，以防止阿富汗內戰持續。
一名巴基斯坦外交部官員告訴媒體專線，中國、俄羅斯和伊朗將成為會議的主要參與者。
阿富汗人民伊斯蘭統一黨（Hezb-e Wahdat Islami Mardum-e阿富汗）領導人和議員穆罕默德·穆哈奇克告訴媒體專線，“為了結束戰爭並在阿富汗建立國家穩定，未來的政府不應單方面形成，而應以人民的意願和各民族和宗教團體的參與為基礎。”
為此，“與塔利班和國家政治人物的談判是不可否認的必要性，”Mohaqiq 補充道。
就在塔利班宣布勝利之際，被罷免的副總統阿姆魯拉·薩利赫上周宣布：“我代表我的國家，戰爭還沒有結束。”
薩利赫在推特上發表聲明說，“根據憲法，在總統缺席的情況下”，他現在是阿富汗的看守總統。“我與所有領導人保持聯繫，以獲得他們的支持和共識，”他補充說。
薩利赫現在位於阿富汗中北部、喀布爾以北 93 英里的潘杰希爾山谷，他與已故反蘇和反塔利班游擊隊指揮官艾哈邁德·沙阿·馬蘇德的兒子艾哈邁德·馬蘇德宣布組建反塔利班陣線和國防部長比斯米拉汗穆罕默迪。
該山谷是超過 100,000 人的家園，其中包括阿富汗最大的塔吉克族人聚集地，這個新組織被稱為 Panjshir 抵抗組織，也被稱為阿富汗民族抵抗陣線。
艾哈邁德·馬蘇德向塔利班“宣戰”。
他的父親是被稱為“潘杰希爾之獅”的塔吉克族人，於 2001 年 9 月 9 日被一名自殺式炸彈襲擊者暗殺。分析人士認為，他是在基地組織的慫恿下被殺的。
兒子艾哈邁德·馬蘇德（Ahmad Massoud）在一段視頻中說，他並沒有離開阿富汗，而是與他在潘杰希爾的人民在一起。該山谷是唯一抵抗塔利班的主要中心。
消息人士證實，薩利赫和馬蘇德已在潘杰希爾山谷避難，與前北方聯盟的主要指揮官建立了聯繫，並說服他們聯手對抗塔利班。
在一篇專欄文章中，馬蘇德聲稱已經準備好戰鬥人員進行積極的鬥爭，並呼籲美國向他的民兵提供武器和彈藥。
然而，塔利班軍事指揮官哈卡尼週六在喀布爾表示，“艾哈邁德·馬蘇德已通過電話宣誓效忠塔利班。”
馬蘇德的發言人阿里·納扎里迅速否認了哈卡尼的說法，並從一個未公開的地點告訴媒體，“這些謠言是毫無根據的宣傳的一部分。”
前美國負責中東事務的副助理國防部長、前美國財政部駐國際安全援助部隊 (ISAF) 高級代表西蒙娜·萊丁 (Simone Ledeen) 告訴媒體，“現在還處於早期階段，很難說有多大來自潘杰希爾的抵抗運動將是有效的。
“就整體效力而言，任何抵抗運動都需要專注於籌款和招募，並且可能會要求友好國家提供物質和財政支持，”她說。
“期待看到社交媒體的存在來對抗塔利班的敘述。在過去的幾天裡，關於塔利班狩獵記者的報導一直在流傳，”萊丁繼續說道。“許多媒體組織將不再能夠在阿富汗自由運作，未來可能會轉向在社交媒體上進行公民報導。
“重要的是要注意是否有任何北約國家支持反塔利班抵抗努力。她說，我懷疑”這會發生，並且“如果阿拉伯國家選擇在打擊任何恐怖組織方面發揮更大、更明顯的作用”，它們也會做出貢獻。
“鑑於塔利班與基地組織和伊朗的密切關係和重疊，未來一些海灣國家的影響和參與肯定會增加，”萊丁說。
馬蘇德基金會主席、前阿富汗駐英國大使艾哈邁德·瓦利·馬蘇德也接受了媒體採訪。他是已故艾哈邁德·沙阿·馬蘇德的弟弟，也是上述艾哈邁德·馬蘇德的叔叔。
“我們必須忘記過去的錯誤並繼續前進，”艾哈邁德·瓦利·馬蘇德說。
“阿富汗和平與穩定的道路上存在障礙，”他繼續說道。“阿富汗問題既有內在特徵，也有外在特徵，沒有廣泛共識就不可能實現和平。
“如果塔利班發生了變化，他們應該以開放的心態和思想與對手談判，”他繼續說道。“如果他們以同樣的精神進行談判，我們會告訴他們，為了該國的持久和平與穩定，我們可以繼續前進，”馬蘇德補充道。
“無論誰是我們正在發生的悲劇的幕後推手——加尼的代理人政權、[美國外交官扎爾梅]哈利勒扎德和阿卜杜拉的代理人和平計劃或塔利班的代理人戰爭——都不會改變阿富汗正在崩潰的事實”，我們阿富汗人需要解決這個問題，馬蘇德說。
Taliban to unveil governing framework in coming days
Amir Muhammad Khan Muttaqi, a senior Taliban negotiator, confirmed that an important meeting of the top military and political leadership of the Taliban was held in Kandahar on Friday.
By ARSHAD MEHMOUD/THE MEDIA LINE
AUGUST 22, 2021 22:14
Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid speaks during a news conference in Kabul, Afghanistan August 17, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/STRINGER)
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Taliban will soon announce the formation of a government led by Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, sources tell The Media Line.
Baradar, until recently head of the Taliban’s diplomatic office in Doha, Qatar, returned to Afghanistan after the August 15 fall of Kabul. In February 2010, he was captured in Pakistan by a team of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and CIA officers, and in October 2018, he was released at the request of the United States.
The Taliban and other Afghan political leaders are continuing their discussions on the formation of a government.
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Amir Muhammad Khan Muttaqi, a senior Taliban negotiator, confirmed to The Media Line that an important meeting of the top military and political leadership of the Taliban was held in Kandahar on Friday.
“Members of the Taliban Supreme Consultative Council (Majlis e-Shura), Doha-based political head Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar and the Taliban’s military chief also participated in the meeting,” he added.
“Our doors are open to all those who want to establish an Islamic state in Afghanistan,” Muttaqi continued. “We want a government in Afghanistan that can amend the state’s constitution for the implementation of an Islamic system.”
People with Taliban's flags gather to welcome a man (not pictured) who was released from prison in Afghanistan, upon his arrival at the Friendship Gate crossing point at the Pakistan-Afghanistan border town of Chaman, Pakistan August 16, 2021. (credit: REUTERS)
Meanwhile, formerly Doha-based senior Taliban officials Mullah Shahabuddin Delawar, Mullah Khairullah Khairkhwa and Mullah Abdul Salam Hanafi met with former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and former Chief Executive of Afghanistan Abdullah Abdullah in Kabul on Saturday.
A high-level Taliban delegation also met on Friday with former prime minister and Soviet-era jihadi leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and discussed forming an “inclusive government.”
“Hekmatyar asserted that he supports the current Islamist organization and that he will stand against the outlaws,” sources said.
And in a surprising move on Saturday evening, Hashmat Ghani, a politician, businessman and younger brother of ousted Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, pledged allegiance to the Taliban in Kabul.
Hashmat Ghani met with Taliban commander Khalil al-Rahman Haqqani and promised his full support, sources told The Media Line.
On Sunday, Hashmat Ghani said in a tweet, “While we have to accept the Taliban, it should not be used as a reason for the West to abandon the people of Afghanistan. Half of our population is dependent on daily wages. Freezing their money at the time of need could spell disaster, not just in Afghanistan but for the region.”
Meanwhile, a delegation of Afghan political leaders, including National Assembly Speaker Mir Rahman Rahmani and senior members of the former Northern Alliance, visited Pakistan last week.
They met with Prime Minister Imran Khan, Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi, Army Chief of Staff Gen. Qamar Javed Bajwa and Lt. Gen. Faiz Hameed, Pakistan’s top spy and the director-general of Inter-Services Intelligence.
The delegation held a press conference in Islamabad on Friday and said that “Afghanistan experienced a single party [Taliban] government in 1996, which failed. To avoid such a situation, we are trying to form an inclusive government that will be suitable for the multi-ethnic Afghan society.”
Pakistan is likely to host a regional conference in an effort to prevent continuing civil war in Afghanistan, sources in Islamabad said on Saturday.
China, Russia and Iran would be the main participants at the conference, a Pakistan Foreign Ministry official told The Media Line.
Muhammad Mohaqiq, the leader of the People’s Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan (Hezb-e Wahdat Islami Mardum-e Afghanistan) and a member of parliament, told The Media Line that “to end the war and create national stability in Afghanistan, the future government should not be formed unilaterally but rather based on the will of the people and the participation of all ethnicities and religious groups.”
To this end, “Negotiations with the Taliban and national political figures are an undeniable necessity,” Mohaqiq added.
Even as the Taliban declared victory, ousted Vice President Amrullah Saleh announced last week: “I am standing for my country and the war is not over.”
In a statement on Twitter, Saleh said that “as per the constitution, in the absence of the president,” he is now the caretaker Afghan president. “I am in touch with all the leaders to get their support and consensus,” he added.
Saleh, now in the Panjshir Valley in north-central Afghanistan, 93 miles north of Kabul, announced the formation of an anti-Taliban front, along with Ahmad Massoud, son of the late anti-Soviet and anti-Taliban guerilla commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, and Defense Minister Bismillah Khan Mohammadi.
The valley is home to more than 100,000 people, including Afghanistan’s largest concentration of ethnic Tajiks, and the new organization is called the Panjshir resistance, also known as the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan.
Ahmad Massoud “declared war” on the Taliban.
His father, an ethnic Tajik known as the “Lion of Panjshir,” was assassinated by a suicide bomber on September 9, 2001. Analysts believe he was killed at the instigation of al-Qaida.
Ahmad Massoud the son said in a video that he has not left Afghanistan and is with his people in Panjshir. The valley is the only major center of resistance to the Taliban.
Sources confirmed that Saleh and Massoud have taken refuge in the Panjshir Valley, established contact with key commanders of the former Northern Alliance and persuaded all of them to join hands against the Taliban.
In an op-ed, Massoud claimed to have prepared fighters for an active struggle and called on the United States to supply arms and ammunition to his militia.
However, Haqqani, the Taliban military commander, on Saturday said in Kabul that “Ahmad Massoud has pledged loyalty to the Taliban via a telephone call.”
Ali Nazari, Massoud’s spokesperson, swiftly rejected the Haqqani claim and told The Media Line from an undisclosed location that “these rumors are a part of baseless propaganda.”
Simone Ledeen, a former US deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and a former senior US Treasury representative to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), told The Media Line, “It is still early days, so difficult to tell how large and effective the resistance movement from Panjshir will be.
“In terms of overall effectiveness, any resistance movement will need to focus on fundraising and recruitment and will likely request material and financial support from friendly nations,” she said.
“Expect to see a social media presence to counter the Taliban narrative. In the past several days, reports of the Taliban hunting journalists have been circulating,” Ledeen continued. “Many media organizations will no longer be able to operate freely in Afghanistan, and may turn to citizen reporting on social media in the future.
“It will be important to note if any NATO country supports an anti-Taliban resistance effort. I suspect” this will happen, and “if Arab states choose to play a larger and more visible role in combating any terrorist organization” they will also contribute, she said.
“Given the Taliban’s close relationship and overlap with al-Qaida and Iran, it would certainly make sense to see a growing influence and involvement from some of the Gulf nations in the future,” Ledeen said.
Ahmad Wali Massoud, chairman of the Massoud Foundation and a former Afghan ambassador to the United Kingdom, also spoke with The Media Line. He is a younger brother of the late Ahmad Shah Massoud and an uncle of the Ahmad Massoud discussed above.
“We must forget the mistakes of the past and move forward,” Ahmad Wali Massoud said.
“There are obstacles in the way of peace and stability in Afghanistan,” he continued. “The Afghanistan issue has not only internal but external features and peace cannot be achieved without a wide range of consensus.
“If the Taliban have changed, they should negotiate with their opponents with an open heart and mind,” he carried on. “If they negotiate in that same spirit, we will tell them that for long-lasting peace and stability in the country, we can go forward,” Massoud added.
“Irrespective of who is behind our unfolding tragedy – Ghani’s proxy regime, [US diplomat Zalmay] Khalilzad and Abdullah’s proxy peace plan or the Taliban’s proxy war − it does not change the fact that Afghanistan is crashing” and that we Afghans need to fix that, Massoud said.
阿富汗女學生在阿富汗看不到未來
當他們最後一次掌權時，塔利班嚴格執行他們對遜尼派伊斯蘭教的極端保守的解釋，包括禁止女性上學或工作。
通過路透
2021 年 8 月 22 日 17:11
阿富汗婦女離開賈拉拉巴德爆炸和槍擊現場。
（圖片來源：路透社/PARWIZ）
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一群太年輕而無法回憶起塔利班 1996 年至 2001 年統治的阿富汗婦女，在該組織重新控制阿富汗並導致數千人逃離該國後，她們的親屬曾講述過同樣的創傷。
“我們將回到黑暗中，”一名撤離到卡塔爾的大學生說，他描述了焦慮和恐懼的感覺，並且像其他人一樣，出於安全原因拒絕提供可以識別他們或他們的家人的詳細信息。
“這是我們從父母和祖父母那裡聽到的所有故事，當時這是一個故事，但現在就像噩夢成真，”另一位女士說。
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與路透社交談的四人是數百名撤離到海灣阿拉伯國家的阿富汗學生，其中大部分是女性。
當他們最後一次掌權時，塔利班嚴格執行他們對遜尼派伊斯蘭教的極端保守的解釋，包括禁止女性上學或工作。
2021 年 8 月 16 日，阿富汗喀布爾喀布爾機場外，一名塔利班戰士沖向人群，這是從視頻中拍攝的靜止圖像。（信用：REUTERS TV/via REUTERS）
許多人懷疑激進組織宣稱這次
婦女的權利
將在伊斯蘭教的框架下得到保護。
“每個人都知道那個時代是多麼殘酷和殘酷，”第二名婦女在首都多哈的一個住宅區告訴路透社，其中包括其他國籍的撤離人員。
她說她不相信阿富汗有足夠的女教師來參加塔利班堅持的性別隔離課程。
這群婦女說，塔利班的價值觀對她們來說是陌生的，只要她們控制住，她們就不會回到阿富汗，即使是在權力分享政府的領導下。
“我覺得我不再屬於這個國家，我不能讓我的國家回來，因為情況一天比一天糟糕，”第三位女士說。
“我們花了 20 年的時間來建設我們的國家……現在一切都崩潰了，”另一位女士補充道。
第三名婦女說她試圖隨身攜帶一塊泥土，但它被留在喀布爾機場的行李中。現在讓她想起阿富汗的只是她的護照。
她不知道自己會在哪裡定居，但表示她決心盡最大努力尋找新家並完成學業。
“我會盡我所能……因為我看不到（阿富汗）內部的未來。”
標籤 女性塔利班阿富汗
Afghan women students see no future in Afghanistan
When they last held power, Taliban strictly enforced their ultra-conservative interpretation of Sunni Islam that included banning women from going to school or working.
By REUTERS
AUGUST 22, 2021 17:11
Afghan women leave the site of a blast and gun fire in Jalalabad.
(photo credit: REUTERS/PARWIZ)
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A group of Afghan women too young to recall the Taliban's 1996-2001 rule are experiencing the same trauma once recounted by relatives after the group retook control of Afghanistan, leading thousands to flee the country.
"We are going back to darkness," said one of the university students evacuated to Qatar, who described feelings of anxiety and fear and like others declined to provide details that could identify them or their families back home for security reasons.
"It's all the stories that we were hearing from our parents and our grandparents, and at that time it was a story but now it's like the nightmare came true," a second woman said.
The four who spoke to Reuters are among hundreds of Afghan students, mostly women, evacuated to the Gulf Arab state.
When they last held power, Taliban strictly enforced their ultra-conservative interpretation of Sunni Islam that included banning women from going to school or working.
A Taliban fighter runs towards crowd outside Kabul airport, Kabul, Afghanistan August 16, 2021, in this still image taken from a video. (credit: REUTERS TV/via REUTERS)
Many doubt the militant group's proclamations that this time women's rights will be protected under the framework of Islam.
"Everybody knows how harsh and brutal that era was," the second woman told Reuters at a residential compound in the capital Doha housing evacuees, including other nationalities.
She said she did not believe there were enough female teachers in Afghanistan for the gender-segregated classes the Taliban insist on.
The group of women said that the Taliban's values were alien to them and that they would not return to Afghanistan as long as the group exerted control, even under a power-sharing government.
"I feel like I no longer belong to this country and I cannot have my country back because the situation is getting worse day by day," the third woman said.
"It took us 20 years to build our country and … now everything has collapsed," another woman added.
The third woman said she tried to bring a piece of soil with her but it was left behind in luggage at Kabul airport. Now all she has to remind her of Afghanistan is her passport.
She did not know where she would settle but said she was determined to do her best to find a new home and complete her studies.
"I will do whatever I can do … because I don't see the future inside (Afghanistan)."
土耳其將阿富汗視為全球議程的槓桿——分析
安卡拉正在喀布爾追求其伊斯蘭和務實的地緣政治議程。儘管存在擔憂，但它認為塔利班的勝利是對其全球抱負的推動。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
2021 年 8 月 22 日 17:05
伊朗外交部長賈瓦德·扎里夫於 2021 年 1 月 29 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾與土耳其外長梅夫魯特·恰武什奧盧出席新聞發布會
（照片來源：土耳其外交部/通過路透社講義）
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土耳其迫切希望找到與塔利班合作並控制喀布爾哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場的方法。
它有幾個議程。它希望控制阿富汗，將其作為通往中國和伊朗的關鍵路線，並跨越從伊德利卜到喀布爾的全球聖戰時刻，以便它可以利用它們實現自己的議程，成為伊斯蘭世界的領袖。
土耳其執政的正義與發展黨與穆斯林兄弟會和哈馬斯有聯繫，它希望與馬來西亞、巴基斯坦和其他國家合作，解決它認為是“伊斯蘭”的原因，例如在克什米爾問題上向印度施壓。但它與塔利班合作也有務實的理由：喀布爾可以成為影響伊朗、巴基斯坦、中國和俄羅斯的關鍵。
土耳其總統埃爾多安上週表示，土耳其在阿富汗的軍事存在是為了加強喀布爾新政府在國際舞台上的影響力。埃爾多安的意思是他想幫助塔利班，就像土耳其的盟友卡塔爾幫助他們一樣。
安卡拉還將自己定位為控制阿富汗難民流入歐洲的水龍頭。它將利用難民壓力從德國獲得資金，以換取阻止阿富汗人的浪潮。
土耳其正在與伊朗接壤的邊境修建隔離牆，將阿富汗人拒之門外，並希望控制機場將他們送回。作為土耳其的重要盟友，德國和其他歐洲國家可能會支付它來粉碎難民的希望，就像歐盟國家自 2015 年以來所做的那樣。
塔利班戰士穿著制服在阿富汗扎布爾省 Qalat 的街道上游行，圖片取自 2021 年 8 月 19 日上傳的社交媒體視頻（圖片來源：REUTERS）
但是土耳其對它在阿富汗的作用是怎麼說的呢？
幾乎所有土耳其媒體都由政府控制，或者與支持執政的 AKP 黨的極右翼團體有聯繫，因此土耳其的頭條新聞可以解釋為模仿政府的敘述。
“土耳其將為阿富汗的穩定盡一切努力，”《沙巴日報》上週報導。
與此同時，政府運營的 TRT World 網站上的一篇文章標題為：“國際行為者如何為塔利班統治奠定基礎。”
文章說：“儘管塔利班叛亂勢力強大，而且在全國擁有強大的地方聯繫，但許多專家認為，一些地區參與者和國際參與者，主要是美國，在促進塔利班在阿富汗的統治方面發揮了關鍵作用。”
正在與俄羅斯合作購買 S-400 並與中國達成新交易的土耳其也對他們的想法感興趣。
文章稱，俄羅斯和中國希望塔利班在阿富汗保持伊斯蘭國和基地組織的弱點，而不是成為恐怖主義的平台。
上週，親政府的阿納多盧新聞網站上一篇更有趣的文章說：“土耳其試圖根據 [a] 新興世界新秩序的現實來定位自己……隨著歷史的軸心從 [the] 大西洋移到 [the] 太平洋，土耳其恰如其分地鞏固了其外交政策的多邊層面。”
這篇文章概括了安卡拉的世界觀，它把一些棋子推向阿富汗，希望與中國、俄羅斯和伊朗合作控制喀布爾。
就像美國和蘇聯於 1945 年遷入柏林一樣，土耳其認為這是一個關鍵時刻。隨著美國的衰落，新的全球領導人將進入眾所周知的 2021 年柏林，也就是喀布爾。
在美國全球反恐戰爭之後出現的後美國世界是一個土耳其、俄羅斯、中國和伊朗將協同工作而不是相互對抗以削弱美國的世界。
Turkey sees Afghanistan as lever for global agenda - analysis
Ankara is pursuing both its Islamic and pragmatic geopolitical agendas in Kabul. Despite its concerns, it sees the Taliban win as a boost for its global aspirations.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
AUGUST 22, 2021 17:05
Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif attends a news conference with his Turkish counterpart Mevlut Cavusoglu in Istanbul, Turkey, January 29, 2021
(photo credit: TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTRY /HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Turkey is desperate to find a way to work with the Taliban and get control of Kabul’s Hamid Karzai International Airport.
It has several agendas. It wants to control Afghanistan as a key route to China and Iran and also to sit astride global jihadist moments from Idlib to Kabul so that it can use them for its own agenda to become an Islamic world leader.
Turkey’s ruling AKP party is linked to the Muslim Brotherhood and Hamas, and it wants to work with Malaysia, Pakistan and other countries on what it sees as “Islamic” causes, such as pressuring India over Kashmir. But it has pragmatic reasons for cooperation with the Taliban as well: Kabul can be the key to influence over Iran, Pakistan, China and Russia.
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Taliban promise to protect women,
then kill them forhow they dress
Turkey’s military presence in Afghanistan is to strengthen the
new Kabul administration
’s hand in the international arena, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said last week. Erdogan means he wants to help the Taliban, much as Turkey’s ally Qatar has helped them.
Ankara will also position itself as a faucet controlling the flow of Afghan refugees into Europe. It will use the refugee pressure to get funding from Germany in exchange for stemming the tide of Afghans.
Turkey is building a wall on the border with Iran to keep Afghans out and wants control of the airport to ship them back. Germany, a key ally of Turkey, and other European states will likely pay it to crush the hopes of refugees, as European Union states have done since 2015.
Taliban fighters march in uniforms on the street in Qalat, Zabul Province, Afghanistan, in this still image taken from social media video uploaded August 19, 2021 (credit: REUTERS)
But what is Turkey saying about its role in Afghanistan?
Almost all Turkish media is controlled by the government or is linked to far-right groups that support the governing AKP Party, so Turkish headlines can be construed as mimicking the government narrative.
“Turkey will exert all efforts for stability in Afghanistan,” Daily Sabah reported last week.
Meanwhile, an article at government-run TRT World’s website was titled: “How international actors laid the groundwork for Taliban rule.”
“Despite the Taliban insurgency’s strength and its powerful local connections across the country, many experts think that some regional players and international actors, primarily the US, have played a crucial role in facilitating Taliban rule across Afghanistan,” the article said.
Turkey, which is working with Russia to buy S-400s and has new deals with China, is also interested in what they think.
Russia and China want the Taliban to keep ISIS and al-Qaeda weak in Afghanistan and not be a platform for terrorism, according to the article.
A more interesting article on the pro-government Anadolu news site said last week: “Turkey seeks to position itself according to realities of [a] emerging new world order… As the axis of history moves from [the] Atlantic to [the] Pacific, Turkey aptly consolidates [the] multilateral dimension of its foreign policy.”
This article encapsulates the worldview of Ankara in its move to push some of its chess pieces into Afghanistan with the hopes of working with China, Russia and Iran to control Kabul.
Much like the US and Soviet Union moved into Berlin in 1945, Turkey sees this as a key moment. As the US declines, the new global leaders will move into the proverbial Berlin of 2021, which is Kabul.
The post-American world that came in the wake of the US Global War on Terrorism is one where Turkey, Russia, China and Iran will work in concert and not against each other to weaken the US.
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2021.08.23 國際新聞導讀-日本外相訪問以色列、伊朗等國、塔利班將宣布治國方針、阿富汗反抗軍在潘結熙爾峽谷抵抗土耳其在阿富汗可扮演更重要角色
以色列訪問幾天后，日本外相在德黑蘭舉行會談
與伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西的會晤旨在“緩和緊張局勢”，此前在耶路撒冷與拉皮德就伊朗問題進行了討論
由機構和TOI 工作人員提供今天，晚上 8:30
伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西（右）歡迎日本外相茂木敏充於 2021 年 8 月 22 日在伊朗德黑蘭總統辦公室會面。（伊朗總統辦公室，美聯社）
日本外相茂木敏充週日在德黑蘭會見了伊朗官員，就在幾天前，就在耶路撒冷會見了以色列高層領導人。
據伊朗通訊社報導，茂木茂木週日在德黑蘭會見了伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西，兩人討論了緩和該地區緊張局勢的問題。總統的官方網站president.ir 稱茂木茂木與賴西討論了雙邊、地區和國際問題。
為期兩天的訪問是自賴西成為伊朗新總統以來日本官員的首次訪問，也是自2019年日本首相訪問伊朗以來的首次訪問。伊朗官方新聞機構伊朗學生通訊社（ISNA）說，茂木茂木是應伊朗外交部長穆罕默德·賈瓦德·扎里夫的正式邀請訪問德黑蘭的。
上週，茂木和外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德在耶路撒冷的討論中，伊朗成為了焦點。據東京稱，日本外相“就中東和平、伊朗和阿富汗等中東局勢進行了討論”，茂木“表示期待以色列與阿拉伯國家關係的發展將朝著緩和該地區的緊張局勢和穩定邁出的一步。”
茂木茂木還在以色列會見了總理納夫塔利·貝內特和總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格，但在會議宣讀中沒有提到伊朗。
茂木茂木目前正在中東進行為期 10 天的旅行，並在埃及、約旦、伊拉克和土耳其停留。他計劃在本週晚些時候訪問卡塔爾來結束他的旅行。
艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統於 2021 年 8 月 18 日在耶路撒冷會見日本外相茂木敏充。 (Mark Neyman/GPO)
日本外相計劃在訪問德黑蘭期間會見其他伊朗官員，包括賴西提名的外交部長侯賽因·阿米拉卜杜拉希安和其他高級官員。
伊朗國營的伊朗伊斯蘭共和國通訊社週六報導稱，茂木茂木訪問德黑蘭的目的是促進與伊朗的雙邊關係，並進一步推動外交努力，以緩和和穩定中東局勢。
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在周日的會議上，賴西對日本和其他國家為幫助阿富汗和該地區建立和平與穩定所做的努力表示歡迎。“伊朗一直支持阿富汗的和平與穩定。當然，我們認為阿富汗人應該在阿富汗做出自己的決定。”
Raisi 說他反對在該地區製造不安全，並補充說：“美國人在該地區的存在，包括阿富汗，並沒有提供安全。”
茂木表示，東京也支持地區國家為實現地區和平與穩定所做的外交努力。他說，日本認為應該和平解決問題，並通過對話來解決。
週日早些時候，茂木茂木會見了扎里夫，兩人還討論了緩和該地區緊張局勢的問題。ISNA 通訊社週日的一份半官方報導稱，茂木茂木與扎里夫討論了雙邊、地區和國際問題。
2019年，日本前首相安倍晉三作為美國前總統唐納德特朗普的對話者訪問了伊朗最高領導人阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊，希望緩和華盛頓和德黑蘭之間的緊張局勢。但哈梅內伊認為特朗普不值得交換信息。
貝內特定於本週晚些時候前往華盛頓，並於週四在白宮會見美國總統喬拜登，伊朗是他的首要議程。
Japanese foreign minister holds talks in Tehran, days after Israel visit
Meeting with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, aimed at ‘deescalating tensions,’ comes after discussions on Iran with Lapid in Jerusalem
By AGENCIES and TOI STAFFToday, 8:30 pm
Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, right, welcomes Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi for their meeting at the presidency office, in Tehran, Iran, on August 22, 2021. (Iranian Presidency Office via AP)
Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi met Iranian officials in Tehran on Sunday, just days after meeting top Israeli leaders in Jerusalem.
According to Iranian news agencies, Motegi met with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, on Sunday in Tehran, and the two discussed the de-escalation of tensions in the region. The president’s official website, president.ir, said Motegi discussed bilateral, regional, and international issues with Raisi.
The two-day visit is the first by a Japanese official since Raisi became Iran’s new president and the first since the Japanese prime minister visited Iran in 2019. The Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) an Iranian state-run news organization, said that Motegi is in Tehran at the official invitation of Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif.
Iran featured in discussions last week between Motegi and Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in Jerusalem. According to Tokyo, the Japanese foreign minister held a “discussion over the situation in the Middle East, such as the Middle East Peace, Iran, and Afghanistan,” and Motegi “expressed his expectation that the development of relations between Israel and Arab states would be a step toward easing tensions and stabilization of the region.”
Motegi also met with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and President Isaac Herzog while in Israel, though Iran was not mentioned in readouts of the meetings.
Motegi is currently on a 10-day trip across the Middle East, and has made stops in Egypt, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. He is slated to wrap up his trip with a visit to Qatar later this week.
President Isaac Herzog meets Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi in Jerusalem, on August 18, 2021. (Mark Neyman/GPO)
The Japanese foreign minister is scheduled to meet with other Iranian officials during his visit to Tehran, including Raisi’s nominated foreign minister, Hossein Amirabdollahian, and other high-ranking officials.
Iran’s state-run IRNA – Islamic Republic News Agency reported Saturday that Motegi’s visit to Tehran is aimed at boosting bilateral relations with Iran, and furthering diplomatic efforts to deescalate and stabilize the Middle East.
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During Sunday’s meeting, Raisi welcomed efforts by Japan and other countries to help establish peace and stability in Afghanistan and the region. “Iran has always supported peace and stability in Afghanistan. Of course, we believe that Afghans should make their own decisions in Afghanistan.”
Raisi said he is opposed to the creation of insecurity in the region, adding: “The presence of Americans in the region, including Afghanistan, has not provided security.”
Motegi said Tokyo also supports diplomatic efforts by regional countries to achieve peace and stability in the region. He said Japan believes problems should be resolved peacefully, and through dialogue.
Earlier on Sunday, Motegi met with Zarif and the two also discussed de-escalation of tensions in the region. A semi-official ISNA news agency report on Sunday said that Motegi discussed bilateral, regional, and international issues with Zarif.
In 2019, former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe visited Iran’s top leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as an interlocutor for former US president Donald Trump, hoping to ease tensions between Washington and Tehran. But Khamenei did not consider Trump worthy of an exchange of messages.
Bennett is slated to depart for Washington later this week, and to meet with US President Joe Biden in the White House on Thursday, with Iran at the top of his agenda.
五角大樓命令美國航空公司協助混亂的喀布爾空運
國防部長啟動很少使用的民用後備航空隊；這18架民用飛機將把人員從海灣國家的美國軍事基地運送到歐洲和美國
作者：弗蘭基·塔加特今天，晚上 9:49
說明。2021 年 3 月 2 日，一架聯合航空公司的波音 737 飛機出現在弗吉尼亞州杜勒斯華盛頓杜勒斯國際機場的門口。（Daniel SLIM / AFP）
華盛頓（法新社）——在喀布爾淪為塔利班極端分子之後，美國周日招募了幾家主要航空公司，從喀布爾瘋狂撤離數万名阿富汗人、美國人和其他外國人。
五角大樓表示，國防部長勞埃德·奧斯汀啟動了很少使用的民用後備空軍艦隊（CRAF），以幫助抵達中東美國基地的人員繼續前進。
“我們將盡最大努力讓每個人，每個想要離開的美國公民離開，”奧斯汀在美國廣播公司接受美國廣播公司採訪時說，美國的阿富汗盟友也是如此。
聲明說，來自美國航空公司、阿特拉斯航空公司、達美航空公司、Omni、夏威夷航空公司和聯合航空公司的 18 艘民用飛機將協助數十艘參與疏散的軍用貨物運輸。
這些飛機不是進出喀布爾，而是將人員從卡塔爾、巴林和阿拉伯聯合酋長國的美國基地運送到歐洲國家，對許多人來說，還將運送到美國。
隨著數千名士兵試圖保護阿富汗首都機場的安全，華盛頓設定了在 8 月 31 日前完成五角大樓有史以來最大的撤離任務之一的最後期限。
2021 年 8 月 16 日，美國士兵在喀布爾的喀布爾機場站崗。（Wakil Kohsar / AFP）
但奧斯汀不排除要求總統延長最後期限。
“我們將繼續評估情況。再次，盡我們所能，讓盡可能多的人離開。當我們接近最後期限時，我們將向總統提出建議，”他告訴 ABC。
廣告
總統喬拜登表示，多達 15,000 名美國人需要從阿富汗撤離，他表示，政府還希望將至少 50,000 名阿富汗盟友及其家人帶出該國。
混亂退出
拜登因塔利班突然獲勝後的混亂退出而受到廣泛批評，他警告說，瘋狂地將美國人、其他外國人和阿富汗盟友帶出塔利班佔領的喀布爾是危險的。
有報導稱塔利班武裝分子恐嚇並毆打試圖到達機場的人，但奧斯汀表示，武裝分子主要是讓美國護照持有人安全通過。
週六，由於“安全威脅”，美國政府警告其公民遠離機場，情況變得更加複雜。
五角大樓週六表示，自行動於 8 月 14 日開始以來，迄今已有 17,000 人被帶走，其中許多人首先飛往卡塔爾或科威特。總數包括 2,500 名美國人。
2021 年 8 月 19 日，在塔利班軍事接管阿富汗後，阿富汗人民坐在一架美國軍用飛機內離開阿富汗，在喀布爾的軍用機場。(Shakib RAHMANI / 法新社)
美國國家安全顧問傑克沙利文週日告訴 CNN，美國軍方及其合作夥伴在過去 24 小時內又運送了 7,900 人。
廣告
“就我們未來能夠完成的目標而言……我們無法確切地確定我們能夠做到的具體數字，但我只想告訴你，我們將努力超越期望，盡我們所能，盡我們所能照顧盡可能多的人，”奧斯汀告訴 ABC。
CRAF 只被激活過兩次——為 1990-91 年的海灣戰爭和 2002-2003 年的伊拉克入侵飛行部隊。
Pentagon orders US airlines to assist with chaotic Kabul airlift
Secretary of Defense activates rarely-used Civil Reserve Air Fleet; the 18 civilian aircraft will transport people from American military bases in Gulf states to Europe and the US
By FRANKIE TAGGARTToday, 9:49 pm
Illustrative. A United Airlines Boeing 737 plane is seen at the gate at Washington's Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Virginia, on March 2, 2021. (Daniel SLIM / AFP)
WASHINGTON (AFP) — The United States on Sunday enlisted several major airlines in its frantic evacuation of tens of thousands of Afghans, Americans, and other foreigners from Kabul, following its fall to Taliban extremists.
Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin activated the rarely-used Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) to aid the onward movement of people arriving at US bases in the Middle East, the Pentagon said.
“We’re going to try our very best to get everybody, every American citizen who wants to get out, out,” Austin said in an ABC interview on the evacuation mission, adding that the same applied to America’s Afghan allies.
Eighteen civilian craft, from American Airlines, Atlas, Delta, Omni, Hawaiian, and United, will aid dozens of military cargo transports involved in the evacuation, the statement said.
Rather than going in and out of Kabul, the planes will transport people from US bases in Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to European countries and, for many, onward to the United States.
With thousands of troops trying to secure the Afghan capital’s airport, Washington has set a deadline to complete one of the largest evacuation missions the Pentagon has ever conducted by August 31.
US soldiers stand guard at the Kabul airport in Kabul on August 16, 2021. (Wakil Kohsar / AFP)
But Austin did not rule out asking the president to extend the deadline.
“We’re going to continue to assess the situation. And again, work as hard as we can to get as many people out as possible. And as we approach that deadline, we’ll make a recommendation to the president,” he told ABC.
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Up to 15,000 Americans need to be removed from Afghanistan, according to President Joe Biden, who says the administration wants to get at least 50,000 Afghan allies and their family members out of the country, as well.
Chaotic exit
Widely criticized over the chaotic exit after a sudden Taliban victory, Biden has warned that the frantic effort to fly Americans, other foreigners, and Afghan allies out of Taliban-occupied Kabul is dangerous.
There have been reports of Taliban militants intimidating and beating people trying to reach the airport, but Austin said the militants had largely been letting American passport holders pass through safely.
The situation was further complicated on Saturday when the US government warned its citizens to stay away from the airport because of “security threats.”
The Pentagon said Saturday that 17,000 people so far had been taken out since the operation began on August 14, with many flown first to Qatar or Kuwait. The total included 2,500 Americans.
Afghan people sit inside a US military aircraft to leave Afghanistan, at the military airport in Kabul on August 19, 2021 after Taliban’s military takeover of Afghanistan. (Shakib RAHMANI / AFP)
US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told CNN Sunday that the US military and its partners had flown out a further 7,900 people in the last 24 hours.
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“In terms of what we’ll be able to accomplish going forward… we can’t place a specific figure on exactly what we’ll be able to do, but I’ll just tell you that we’re going to try to exceed expectations, and do as much as we can, and take care of as many people as we can, for as long as we can,” Austin told ABC.
The CRAF has only been activated twice — to fly troops for the 1990-91 Gulf War and again in 2002-2003 for the Iraq invasion.
阿富汗抵抗力量準備戰鬥，但希望談判
上週，數千人前往潘杰希爾省的堡壘，如果關於國家未來的談判失敗，許多人威脅要與塔利班發生長期衝突
作者：大衛·福克斯和薩阿德·賽義德今天，晚上 8:39
2021 年 8 月 21 日，阿富汗安全部隊新吸收的人員在潘杰希爾省達拉區的班德喬伊地區參加軍事訓練。（Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / 法新社）
阿富汗喀布爾（法新社）——他們的發言人在接受法新社採訪時告訴法新社，前阿富汗政府軍在一個要塞的山谷中發起抵抗運動，他們正在為“長期衝突”做準備，但也在尋求與塔利班進行談判。
Ali Maisam Nazary 說，自從塔利班在閃電襲擊首都喀布爾後控制了這個國家，成千上萬的人前往潘杰希爾加入戰鬥並找到一個安全的避風港繼續他們的生活。
納扎里補充說，在那裡，傳奇聖戰組織指揮官艾哈邁德·沙阿·馬蘇德的兒子艾哈邁德·馬蘇德在 2001 年 9 月 11 日襲擊事件發生前兩天被基地組織暗殺，在那裡集結了大約 9,000 人的戰鬥部隊。
法新社在訓練演習期間拍攝的照片顯示，數十名新兵正在執行健身程序，少數裝甲悍馬駕駛穿過喀布爾東北部的山谷。
民族抵抗陣線的主要目標是避免阿富汗發生進一步的流血事件，並敦促建立新的政府體系。
但納扎里表示，該組織也為衝突做好了準備，如果塔利班不談判，它將面臨全國范圍內的抵抗。
2021 年 8 月 19 日，阿富汗武裝人員在潘杰希爾省巴扎拉克的帕拉克地區用武器和悍馬車支持阿富汗安全部隊對抗塔利班。（Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / 法新社）
“與塔利班達成和平協議的條件是權力下放——一種確保所有人的社會正義、平等、權利和自由的製度，”NRF 對外關係負責人納扎里說，並補充說如果塔利班不同意，將是“長期衝突”。
他補充說，直到幾天前，阿富汗北部的地方領導人與巴基斯坦當局還在進行會談。
廣告
雖然塔利班控制了阿富汗的絕大多數地區，但納扎里樂觀地強調了一些地區的當地民兵已經開始抵制他們的強硬統治並與馬蘇德的 NRF 建立聯繫的報導。
“馬蘇德沒有下令讓這些事情發生，但它們都與我們有關，”納扎里說。“塔利班已經不堪重負。他們不可能同時出現在任何地方。他們的資源是有限的。他們沒有得到大多數人的支持。”
然而，他說，馬蘇德與阿姆魯拉·薩利赫（Amrullah Saleh）有不同的看法，後者也是該國副總統，他也躲在山谷裡，上週發誓要領導起義。
“先生。薩利赫在潘杰希爾。他選擇留在該國而不是逃跑，”納扎里說，並指出薩利赫強烈的反巴基斯坦立場與馬蘇德不一致，後者希望與阿富汗支持塔利班的鄰國保持良好關係。
“先生。薩利赫是反塔利班和反巴基斯坦的。這並不意味著他是這場運動的一部分。他在潘杰希爾，他受到尊重，”納扎里補充道。
納扎里說，現在的目標是保衛潘杰希爾及其人民。“如果有任何侵略，因為我們的戰鬥只是為了防禦；如果有人攻擊我們，我們會保護自己。”
廣告
2021 年 8 月 21 日，在塔利班驚人地接管阿富汗幾天后，阿富汗當地居民的孩子拿著獵槍和一面旗幟站在潘杰希爾省達拉區班德喬伊地區的一座橋上。（艾哈邁德·薩赫勒·阿曼/法新社）
納扎里說，除了馬蘇德的戰鬥部隊，潘杰希爾現在收容了來自阿富汗各地的 1,000 多名流離失所者，他們湧入山谷尋找避難所。
“我們看到潘杰希爾成為所有在其他省份感到受到威脅的群體的安全區。” 他補充說，該省湧入了“感到受到塔利班威脅”的知識分子、婦女和人權活動家以及政治家。
馬蘇德週四在華盛頓郵報發表的一篇專欄文章中呼籲美國提供武器。納扎里告訴法新社，他們還需要人道主義援助來養活和照顧新來的人。
納扎里補充說，馬蘇德決心與山谷人民站在一起，繼承他父親的衣缽，並強調阿富汗需要一個聯合政府系統來結束其無休止的戰爭循環。
“戰爭只是阿富汗衝突的副產品。導致衝突的原因是阿富汗是一個由少數民族組成的國家…… [並且] 在一個多民族國家，你不能讓一個民族主導政治，而其他人則處於邊緣。”
納扎里說，馬蘇德和阿富汗各地的其他人的抵抗對於實現這一變化至關重要。
“潘杰希爾一直是希望的燈塔。”
Afghan resistance forces ready for fight, but hope for negotiations
Thousands have made their way this past week to redoubt in Panjshir province, where many are threatening long-term conflict with the Taliban if talks over country’s future fail
By DAVID FOX and SAAD SAYEEDToday, 8:39 pm
Newly absorbed personnel in the Afghan security forces take part in a military training in Bandejoy area of Dara district in Panjshir province on August 21, 2021. (Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / AFP)
KABUL, Afghanistan (AFP) — Former Afghan government forces forming a resistance movement in a fortified valley are preparing for “long-term conflict,” but are also seeking to negotiate with the Taliban, their spokesman told AFP in an interview.
Since the Taliban took control of the country following a lightning charge into the capital Kabul, thousands of people have made their way to Panjshir to both join the fight and find a safe haven to continue their lives, Ali Maisam Nazary said.
There, Ahmad Massoud, the son of legendary Mujahideen commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, who was assassinated by Al-Qaeda two days before the September 11, 2001 attacks, has assembled a fighting force of around 9,000 people, Nazary added.
Pictures taken by AFP during training exercises show dozens of recruits performing fitness routines, and a handful of armored Humvees driving across the valley northeast of Kabul.
The National Resistance Front’s main goal is to avoid further bloodshed in Afghanistan and press for a new system of government.
But Nazary said the group is also prepared for conflict, and if the Taliban does not negotiate, it will face resistance across the country.
Afghan armed men supporting the Afghan security forces against the Taliban stand with their weapons and Humvee vehicles at Parakh area in Bazarak, Panjshir province on August 19, 2021. (Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / AFP)
“The conditions for a peace deal with the Taliban is decentralization — a system that ensures social justice, equality, rights, and freedom for all,” said Nazary, the NRF’s head of foreign relations, adding that if the Taliban does not agree, there will be “long-term conflict.”
Talks between local leaders from Afghanistan’s north and authorities in Pakistan were taking place until just days ago, he added.
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While the Taliban control the vast majority of Afghanistan, Nazary optimistically highlighted reports that local militias in some districts have already begun resisting their hardline rule and have formed links with Massoud’s NRF.
“Massoud did not give the order for these things to happen but they are all associated with us,” Nazary said. “The Taliban are overstretched. They cannot be everywhere at the same time. Their resources are limited. They do not have support among the majority.”
He said, however, that Massoud had different views from Amrullah Saleh, latterly the country’s vice president, who is also holed up out in the valley, and last week vowed to lead an uprising.
“Mr. Saleh is in Panjshir. He opted to stay in the country and not flee,” Nazary said, noting Saleh’s strong anti-Pakistan stance was at odds with Massoud, who wants good relations with Afghanistan’s Taliban-supporting neighbor.
“Mr. Saleh is anti-Taliban and anti-Pakistani. That does not mean he is a part of this movement. He is in Panjshir and he is respected,” Nazary added.
The aim right now is to defend Panjshir and its people, Nazary said. “If there is any aggression because our fight is only for defense; if anyone attacks us we will defend ourselves.”
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Children of local Afghan residents carrying hunting rifles and a flag stand over a bridge in Bandejoy area of Dara district in Panjshir province on August 21, 2021, days after the Taliban’s stunning takeover of Afghanistan. (Ahmad SAHEL ARMAN / AFP)
Alongside Massoud’s fighting force, Panjshir now hosts more than 1,000 displaced people from across Afghanistan who have poured into the valley looking for sanctuary, Nazary said.
“We are seeing Panjshir become a safe zone for all those groups who feel threatened in other provinces.” He added that the province has seen an influx of intellectuals, women’s and human rights activists, and politicians “who feel threatened by the Taliban.”
Massoud appealed for weapons from the United States in an op-ed published in the Washington Post on Thursday. Nazary told AFP that they also require humanitarian assistance to feed and take care of the newly arrived.
Massoud is determined to stand by the people of the valley and take up his father’s mantle, Nazary added, stressing that Afghanistan needs a federated system of government to close its endless cycle of war.
“War is just a byproduct of conflict in Afghanistan. What has caused the conflict is that Afghanistan is a country made up of ethnic minorities… [and] in a multi-ethnic country you cannot have one ethnic group dominate politics and others having a presence in the margins.”
Nazary says Massoud’s resistance, and others across Afghanistan, are vital in making this change happen.
“Panjshir has always been a beacon of hope.”
塔利班將在未來幾天公佈治理框架
塔利班高級談判代表阿米爾·穆罕默德·汗·穆塔奇證實，塔利班最高軍事和政治領導人周五在坎大哈舉行了一次重要會議。
作者：ARSHAD MEHMOUD/媒體熱線
2021 年 8 月 22 日 22:14
2021 年 8 月 17 日，塔利班發言人 Zabihullah Mujahid 在阿富汗喀布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話。
（照片來源：路透社/STRINGER）
廣告
消息人士告訴媒體熱線，塔利班將很快宣布組建由毛拉阿卜杜勒·加尼·巴拉達爾 (Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar) 領導的政府。
直到最近，塔利班駐卡塔爾多哈外交辦公室的負責人巴拉達爾在 8 月 15 日喀布爾淪陷後返回阿富汗。2010年2月，他在巴基斯坦被三軍情報局（ISI）和中央情報局官員組成的小組抓獲，並於2018年10月應美國要求獲釋。
塔利班和其他阿富汗政治領導人正在繼續討論組建政府的問題。
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Taliban promise to protect women,then kill them forhow they dress
塔利班高級談判代表阿米爾·穆罕默德·汗·穆塔奇向媒體證實，塔利班最高軍事和政治領導人的重要會議於週五在坎大哈舉行。
“塔利班最高協商委員會（Majlis e-Shura）成員、駐多哈政治首腦毛拉阿卜杜勒加尼巴拉達爾和塔利班軍事首長也參加了會議，”他補充說。
“我們的大門向所有想在阿富汗建立伊斯蘭國家的人敞開，”穆塔奇繼續說道。“我們希望阿富汗政府能夠修改國家憲法以實施伊斯蘭制度。”
2021 年 8 月 16 日，在巴基斯坦-阿富汗邊境城鎮查曼抵達友誼門過境點後，舉著塔利班旗幟的人聚集在一起歡迎一名從阿富汗監獄獲釋的男子（未圖示）。（圖片來源：REUTERS） )
與此同時，前駐多哈的塔利班高級官員毛拉沙哈布丁德拉瓦、凱魯拉凱爾赫瓦毛拉和阿卜杜勒薩拉姆哈納菲毛拉週六在喀布爾會見了阿富汗前總統哈米德卡爾扎伊和阿富汗前首席執行官阿卜杜拉阿卜杜拉。
塔利班高級代表團週五還會見了前總理和蘇聯時代的聖戰領導人古爾布丁·希克馬蒂亞爾，討論了組建“包容性政府”的問題。
消息人士說：“希克馬蒂亞爾聲稱他支持當前的伊斯蘭組織，他將反對不法分子。”
在周六晚上的一個令人驚訝的舉動中，政治家、商人和被驅逐的阿富汗總統阿什拉夫·加尼的弟弟哈希馬特·加尼在喀布爾宣誓效忠塔利班。
消息人士告訴媒體專線，Hashmat Ghani 會見了塔利班指揮官 Khalil al-Rahman Haqqani，並承諾全力支持。
週日，Hashmat Ghani 在一條推文中說：“雖然我們必須接受塔利班，但不應以此作為西方放棄阿富汗人民的理由。我們一半的人口依賴日薪。在需要時凍結他們的錢可能會帶來災難，不僅在阿富汗，而且在該地區。”
與此同時，包括國民議會議長米爾·拉赫曼·拉赫馬尼和前北方聯盟高級成員在內的阿富汗政治領導人代表團上周訪問了巴基斯坦。
他們會見了總理伊姆蘭·汗、外交部長沙阿·馬哈茂德·庫雷希、陸軍參謀長卡馬爾·賈韋德·巴傑瓦將軍和巴基斯坦最高間諜兼三軍情報局局長法伊茲·哈米德中將。
代表團週五在伊斯蘭堡舉行新聞發布會，稱“阿富汗在 1996 年經歷了一黨（塔利班）政府，但失敗了。為了避免這種情況，我們正在努力組建一個適合多民族阿富汗社會的包容性政府。”
伊斯蘭堡消息人士周六表示，巴基斯坦可能會主辦一次地區會議，以防止阿富汗內戰持續。
一名巴基斯坦外交部官員告訴媒體專線，中國、俄羅斯和伊朗將成為會議的主要參與者。
阿富汗人民伊斯蘭統一黨（Hezb-e Wahdat Islami Mardum-e阿富汗）領導人和議員穆罕默德·穆哈奇克告訴媒體專線，“為了結束戰爭並在阿富汗建立國家穩定，未來的政府不應單方面形成，而應以人民的意願和各民族和宗教團體的參與為基礎。”
為此，“與塔利班和國家政治人物的談判是不可否認的必要性，”Mohaqiq 補充道。
就在塔利班宣布勝利之際，被罷免的副總統阿姆魯拉·薩利赫上周宣布：“我代表我的國家，戰爭還沒有結束。”
薩利赫在推特上發表聲明說，“根據憲法，在總統缺席的情況下”，他現在是阿富汗的看守總統。“我與所有領導人保持聯繫，以獲得他們的支持和共識，”他補充說。
薩利赫現在位於阿富汗中北部、喀布爾以北 93 英里的潘杰希爾山谷，他與已故反蘇和反塔利班游擊隊指揮官艾哈邁德·沙阿·馬蘇德的兒子艾哈邁德·馬蘇德宣布組建反塔利班陣線和國防部長比斯米拉汗穆罕默迪。
該山谷是超過 100,000 人的家園，其中包括阿富汗最大的塔吉克族人聚集地，這個新組織被稱為 Panjshir 抵抗組織，也被稱為阿富汗民族抵抗陣線。
艾哈邁德·馬蘇德向塔利班“宣戰”。
他的父親是被稱為“潘杰希爾之獅”的塔吉克族人，於 2001 年 9 月 9 日被一名自殺式炸彈襲擊者暗殺。分析人士認為，他是在基地組織的慫恿下被殺的。
兒子艾哈邁德·馬蘇德（Ahmad Massoud）在一段視頻中說，他並沒有離開阿富汗，而是與他在潘杰希爾的人民在一起。該山谷是唯一抵抗塔利班的主要中心。
消息人士證實，薩利赫和馬蘇德已在潘杰希爾山谷避難，與前北方聯盟的主要指揮官建立了聯繫，並說服他們聯手對抗塔利班。
在一篇專欄文章中，馬蘇德聲稱已經準備好戰鬥人員進行積極的鬥爭，並呼籲美國向他的民兵提供武器和彈藥。
然而，塔利班軍事指揮官哈卡尼週六在喀布爾表示，“艾哈邁德·馬蘇德已通過電話宣誓效忠塔利班。”
馬蘇德的發言人阿里·納扎里迅速否認了哈卡尼的說法，並從一個未公開的地點告訴媒體，“這些謠言是毫無根據的宣傳的一部分。”
前美國負責中東事務的副助理國防部長、前美國財政部駐國際安全援助部隊 (ISAF) 高級代表西蒙娜·萊丁 (Simone Ledeen) 告訴媒體，“現在還處於早期階段，很難說有多大來自潘杰希爾的抵抗運動將是有效的。
“就整體效力而言，任何抵抗運動都需要專注於籌款和招募，並且可能會要求友好國家提供物質和財政支持，”她說。
“期待看到社交媒體的存在來對抗塔利班的敘述。在過去的幾天裡，關於塔利班狩獵記者的報導一直在流傳，”萊丁繼續說道。“許多媒體組織將不再能夠在阿富汗自由運作，未來可能會轉向在社交媒體上進行公民報導。
“重要的是要注意是否有任何北約國家支持反塔利班抵抗努力。她說，我懷疑”這會發生，並且“如果阿拉伯國家選擇在打擊任何恐怖組織方面發揮更大、更明顯的作用”，它們也會做出貢獻。
“鑑於塔利班與基地組織和伊朗的密切關係和重疊，未來一些海灣國家的影響和參與肯定會增加，”萊丁說。
馬蘇德基金會主席、前阿富汗駐英國大使艾哈邁德·瓦利·馬蘇德也接受了媒體採訪。他是已故艾哈邁德·沙阿·馬蘇德的弟弟，也是上述艾哈邁德·馬蘇德的叔叔。
“我們必須忘記過去的錯誤並繼續前進，”艾哈邁德·瓦利·馬蘇德說。
“阿富汗和平與穩定的道路上存在障礙，”他繼續說道。“阿富汗問題既有內在特徵，也有外在特徵，沒有廣泛共識就不可能實現和平。
“如果塔利班發生了變化，他們應該以開放的心態和思想與對手談判，”他繼續說道。“如果他們以同樣的精神進行談判，我們會告訴他們，為了該國的持久和平與穩定，我們可以繼續前進，”馬蘇德補充道。
“無論誰是我們正在發生的悲劇的幕後推手——加尼的代理人政權、[美國外交官扎爾梅]哈利勒扎德和阿卜杜拉的代理人和平計劃或塔利班的代理人戰爭——都不會改變阿富汗正在崩潰的事實”，我們阿富汗人需要解決這個問題，馬蘇德說。
Taliban to unveil governing framework in coming days
Amir Muhammad Khan Muttaqi, a senior Taliban negotiator, confirmed that an important meeting of the top military and political leadership of the Taliban was held in Kandahar on Friday.
By ARSHAD MEHMOUD/THE MEDIA LINE
AUGUST 22, 2021 22:14
Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid speaks during a news conference in Kabul, Afghanistan August 17, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/STRINGER)
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Taliban will soon announce the formation of a government led by Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, sources tell The Media Line.
Baradar, until recently head of the Taliban’s diplomatic office in Doha, Qatar, returned to Afghanistan after the August 15 fall of Kabul. In February 2010, he was captured in Pakistan by a team of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and CIA officers, and in October 2018, he was released at the request of the United States.
The Taliban and other Afghan political leaders are continuing their discussions on the formation of a government.
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Amir Muhammad Khan Muttaqi, a senior Taliban negotiator, confirmed to The Media Line that an important meeting of the top military and political leadership of the Taliban was held in Kandahar on Friday.
“Members of the Taliban Supreme Consultative Council (Majlis e-Shura), Doha-based political head Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar and the Taliban’s military chief also participated in the meeting,” he added.
“Our doors are open to all those who want to establish an Islamic state in Afghanistan,” Muttaqi continued. “We want a government in Afghanistan that can amend the state’s constitution for the implementation of an Islamic system.”
People with Taliban's flags gather to welcome a man (not pictured) who was released from prison in Afghanistan, upon his arrival at the Friendship Gate crossing point at the Pakistan-Afghanistan border town of Chaman, Pakistan August 16, 2021. (credit: REUTERS)
Meanwhile, formerly Doha-based senior Taliban officials Mullah Shahabuddin Delawar, Mullah Khairullah Khairkhwa and Mullah Abdul Salam Hanafi met with former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and former Chief Executive of Afghanistan Abdullah Abdullah in Kabul on Saturday.
A high-level Taliban delegation also met on Friday with former prime minister and Soviet-era jihadi leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and discussed forming an “inclusive government.”
“Hekmatyar asserted that he supports the current Islamist organization and that he will stand against the outlaws,” sources said.
And in a surprising move on Saturday evening, Hashmat Ghani, a politician, businessman and younger brother of ousted Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, pledged allegiance to the Taliban in Kabul.
Hashmat Ghani met with Taliban commander Khalil al-Rahman Haqqani and promised his full support, sources told The Media Line.
On Sunday, Hashmat Ghani said in a tweet, “While we have to accept the Taliban, it should not be used as a reason for the West to abandon the people of Afghanistan. Half of our population is dependent on daily wages. Freezing their money at the time of need could spell disaster, not just in Afghanistan but for the region.”
Meanwhile, a delegation of Afghan political leaders, including National Assembly Speaker Mir Rahman Rahmani and senior members of the former Northern Alliance, visited Pakistan last week.
They met with Prime Minister Imran Khan, Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi, Army Chief of Staff Gen. Qamar Javed Bajwa and Lt. Gen. Faiz Hameed, Pakistan’s top spy and the director-general of Inter-Services Intelligence.
The delegation held a press conference in Islamabad on Friday and said that “Afghanistan experienced a single party [Taliban] government in 1996, which failed. To avoid such a situation, we are trying to form an inclusive government that will be suitable for the multi-ethnic Afghan society.”
Pakistan is likely to host a regional conference in an effort to prevent continuing civil war in Afghanistan, sources in Islamabad said on Saturday.
China, Russia and Iran would be the main participants at the conference, a Pakistan Foreign Ministry official told The Media Line.
Muhammad Mohaqiq, the leader of the People’s Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan (Hezb-e Wahdat Islami Mardum-e Afghanistan) and a member of parliament, told The Media Line that “to end the war and create national stability in Afghanistan, the future government should not be formed unilaterally but rather based on the will of the people and the participation of all ethnicities and religious groups.”
To this end, “Negotiations with the Taliban and national political figures are an undeniable necessity,” Mohaqiq added.
Even as the Taliban declared victory, ousted Vice President Amrullah Saleh announced last week: “I am standing for my country and the war is not over.”
In a statement on Twitter, Saleh said that “as per the constitution, in the absence of the president,” he is now the caretaker Afghan president. “I am in touch with all the leaders to get their support and consensus,” he added.
Saleh, now in the Panjshir Valley in north-central Afghanistan, 93 miles north of Kabul, announced the formation of an anti-Taliban front, along with Ahmad Massoud, son of the late anti-Soviet and anti-Taliban guerilla commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, and Defense Minister Bismillah Khan Mohammadi.
The valley is home to more than 100,000 people, including Afghanistan’s largest concentration of ethnic Tajiks, and the new organization is called the Panjshir resistance, also known as the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan.
Ahmad Massoud “declared war” on the Taliban.
His father, an ethnic Tajik known as the “Lion of Panjshir,” was assassinated by a suicide bomber on September 9, 2001. Analysts believe he was killed at the instigation of al-Qaida.
Ahmad Massoud the son said in a video that he has not left Afghanistan and is with his people in Panjshir. The valley is the only major center of resistance to the Taliban.
Sources confirmed that Saleh and Massoud have taken refuge in the Panjshir Valley, established contact with key commanders of the former Northern Alliance and persuaded all of them to join hands against the Taliban.
In an op-ed, Massoud claimed to have prepared fighters for an active struggle and called on the United States to supply arms and ammunition to his militia.
However, Haqqani, the Taliban military commander, on Saturday said in Kabul that “Ahmad Massoud has pledged loyalty to the Taliban via a telephone call.”
Ali Nazari, Massoud’s spokesperson, swiftly rejected the Haqqani claim and told The Media Line from an undisclosed location that “these rumors are a part of baseless propaganda.”
Simone Ledeen, a former US deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and a former senior US Treasury representative to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), told The Media Line, “It is still early days, so difficult to tell how large and effective the resistance movement from Panjshir will be.
“In terms of overall effectiveness, any resistance movement will need to focus on fundraising and recruitment and will likely request material and financial support from friendly nations,” she said.
“Expect to see a social media presence to counter the Taliban narrative. In the past several days, reports of the Taliban hunting journalists have been circulating,” Ledeen continued. “Many media organizations will no longer be able to operate freely in Afghanistan, and may turn to citizen reporting on social media in the future.
“It will be important to note if any NATO country supports an anti-Taliban resistance effort. I suspect” this will happen, and “if Arab states choose to play a larger and more visible role in combating any terrorist organization” they will also contribute, she said.
“Given the Taliban’s close relationship and overlap with al-Qaida and Iran, it would certainly make sense to see a growing influence and involvement from some of the Gulf nations in the future,” Ledeen said.
Ahmad Wali Massoud, chairman of the Massoud Foundation and a former Afghan ambassador to the United Kingdom, also spoke with The Media Line. He is a younger brother of the late Ahmad Shah Massoud and an uncle of the Ahmad Massoud discussed above.
“We must forget the mistakes of the past and move forward,” Ahmad Wali Massoud said.
“There are obstacles in the way of peace and stability in Afghanistan,” he continued. “The Afghanistan issue has not only internal but external features and peace cannot be achieved without a wide range of consensus.
“If the Taliban have changed, they should negotiate with their opponents with an open heart and mind,” he carried on. “If they negotiate in that same spirit, we will tell them that for long-lasting peace and stability in the country, we can go forward,” Massoud added.
“Irrespective of who is behind our unfolding tragedy – Ghani’s proxy regime, [US diplomat Zalmay] Khalilzad and Abdullah’s proxy peace plan or the Taliban’s proxy war − it does not change the fact that Afghanistan is crashing” and that we Afghans need to fix that, Massoud said.
阿富汗女學生在阿富汗看不到未來
當他們最後一次掌權時，塔利班嚴格執行他們對遜尼派伊斯蘭教的極端保守的解釋，包括禁止女性上學或工作。
通過路透
2021 年 8 月 22 日 17:11
阿富汗婦女離開賈拉拉巴德爆炸和槍擊現場。
（圖片來源：路透社/PARWIZ）
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一群太年輕而無法回憶起塔利班 1996 年至 2001 年統治的阿富汗婦女，在該組織重新控制阿富汗並導致數千人逃離該國後，她們的親屬曾講述過同樣的創傷。
“我們將回到黑暗中，”一名撤離到卡塔爾的大學生說，他描述了焦慮和恐懼的感覺，並且像其他人一樣，出於安全原因拒絕提供可以識別他們或他們的家人的詳細信息。
“這是我們從父母和祖父母那裡聽到的所有故事，當時這是一個故事，但現在就像噩夢成真，”另一位女士說。
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與路透社交談的四人是數百名撤離到海灣阿拉伯國家的阿富汗學生，其中大部分是女性。
當他們最後一次掌權時，塔利班嚴格執行他們對遜尼派伊斯蘭教的極端保守的解釋，包括禁止女性上學或工作。
2021 年 8 月 16 日，阿富汗喀布爾喀布爾機場外，一名塔利班戰士沖向人群，這是從視頻中拍攝的靜止圖像。（信用：REUTERS TV/via REUTERS）
許多人懷疑激進組織宣稱這次
婦女的權利
將在伊斯蘭教的框架下得到保護。
“每個人都知道那個時代是多麼殘酷和殘酷，”第二名婦女在首都多哈的一個住宅區告訴路透社，其中包括其他國籍的撤離人員。
她說她不相信阿富汗有足夠的女教師來參加塔利班堅持的性別隔離課程。
這群婦女說，塔利班的價值觀對她們來說是陌生的，只要她們控制住，她們就不會回到阿富汗，即使是在權力分享政府的領導下。
“我覺得我不再屬於這個國家，我不能讓我的國家回來，因為情況一天比一天糟糕，”第三位女士說。
“我們花了 20 年的時間來建設我們的國家……現在一切都崩潰了，”另一位女士補充道。
第三名婦女說她試圖隨身攜帶一塊泥土，但它被留在喀布爾機場的行李中。現在讓她想起阿富汗的只是她的護照。
她不知道自己會在哪裡定居，但表示她決心盡最大努力尋找新家並完成學業。
“我會盡我所能……因為我看不到（阿富汗）內部的未來。”
標籤 女性塔利班阿富汗
Afghan women students see no future in Afghanistan
When they last held power, Taliban strictly enforced their ultra-conservative interpretation of Sunni Islam that included banning women from going to school or working.
By REUTERS
AUGUST 22, 2021 17:11
Afghan women leave the site of a blast and gun fire in Jalalabad.
(photo credit: REUTERS/PARWIZ)
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A group of Afghan women too young to recall the Taliban's 1996-2001 rule are experiencing the same trauma once recounted by relatives after the group retook control of Afghanistan, leading thousands to flee the country.
"We are going back to darkness," said one of the university students evacuated to Qatar, who described feelings of anxiety and fear and like others declined to provide details that could identify them or their families back home for security reasons.
"It's all the stories that we were hearing from our parents and our grandparents, and at that time it was a story but now it's like the nightmare came true," a second woman said.
The four who spoke to Reuters are among hundreds of Afghan students, mostly women, evacuated to the Gulf Arab state.
When they last held power, Taliban strictly enforced their ultra-conservative interpretation of Sunni Islam that included banning women from going to school or working.
A Taliban fighter runs towards crowd outside Kabul airport, Kabul, Afghanistan August 16, 2021, in this still image taken from a video. (credit: REUTERS TV/via REUTERS)
Many doubt the militant group's proclamations that this time women's rights will be protected under the framework of Islam.
"Everybody knows how harsh and brutal that era was," the second woman told Reuters at a residential compound in the capital Doha housing evacuees, including other nationalities.
She said she did not believe there were enough female teachers in Afghanistan for the gender-segregated classes the Taliban insist on.
The group of women said that the Taliban's values were alien to them and that they would not return to Afghanistan as long as the group exerted control, even under a power-sharing government.
"I feel like I no longer belong to this country and I cannot have my country back because the situation is getting worse day by day," the third woman said.
"It took us 20 years to build our country and … now everything has collapsed," another woman added.
The third woman said she tried to bring a piece of soil with her but it was left behind in luggage at Kabul airport. Now all she has to remind her of Afghanistan is her passport.
She did not know where she would settle but said she was determined to do her best to find a new home and complete her studies.
"I will do whatever I can do … because I don't see the future inside (Afghanistan)."
土耳其將阿富汗視為全球議程的槓桿——分析
安卡拉正在喀布爾追求其伊斯蘭和務實的地緣政治議程。儘管存在擔憂，但它認為塔利班的勝利是對其全球抱負的推動。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
2021 年 8 月 22 日 17:05
伊朗外交部長賈瓦德·扎里夫於 2021 年 1 月 29 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾與土耳其外長梅夫魯特·恰武什奧盧出席新聞發布會
（照片來源：土耳其外交部/通過路透社講義）
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土耳其迫切希望找到與塔利班合作並控制喀布爾哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場的方法。
它有幾個議程。它希望控制阿富汗，將其作為通往中國和伊朗的關鍵路線，並跨越從伊德利卜到喀布爾的全球聖戰時刻，以便它可以利用它們實現自己的議程，成為伊斯蘭世界的領袖。
土耳其執政的正義與發展黨與穆斯林兄弟會和哈馬斯有聯繫，它希望與馬來西亞、巴基斯坦和其他國家合作，解決它認為是“伊斯蘭”的原因，例如在克什米爾問題上向印度施壓。但它與塔利班合作也有務實的理由：喀布爾可以成為影響伊朗、巴基斯坦、中國和俄羅斯的關鍵。
土耳其總統埃爾多安上週表示，土耳其在阿富汗的軍事存在是為了加強喀布爾新政府在國際舞台上的影響力。埃爾多安的意思是他想幫助塔利班，就像土耳其的盟友卡塔爾幫助他們一樣。
安卡拉還將自己定位為控制阿富汗難民流入歐洲的水龍頭。它將利用難民壓力從德國獲得資金，以換取阻止阿富汗人的浪潮。
土耳其正在與伊朗接壤的邊境修建隔離牆，將阿富汗人拒之門外，並希望控制機場將他們送回。作為土耳其的重要盟友，德國和其他歐洲國家可能會支付它來粉碎難民的希望，就像歐盟國家自 2015 年以來所做的那樣。
塔利班戰士穿著制服在阿富汗扎布爾省 Qalat 的街道上游行，圖片取自 2021 年 8 月 19 日上傳的社交媒體視頻（圖片來源：REUTERS）
但是土耳其對它在阿富汗的作用是怎麼說的呢？
幾乎所有土耳其媒體都由政府控制，或者與支持執政的 AKP 黨的極右翼團體有聯繫，因此土耳其的頭條新聞可以解釋為模仿政府的敘述。
“土耳其將為阿富汗的穩定盡一切努力，”《沙巴日報》上週報導。
與此同時，政府運營的 TRT World 網站上的一篇文章標題為：“國際行為者如何為塔利班統治奠定基礎。”
文章說：“儘管塔利班叛亂勢力強大，而且在全國擁有強大的地方聯繫，但許多專家認為，一些地區參與者和國際參與者，主要是美國，在促進塔利班在阿富汗的統治方面發揮了關鍵作用。”
正在與俄羅斯合作購買 S-400 並與中國達成新交易的土耳其也對他們的想法感興趣。
文章稱，俄羅斯和中國希望塔利班在阿富汗保持伊斯蘭國和基地組織的弱點，而不是成為恐怖主義的平台。
上週，親政府的阿納多盧新聞網站上一篇更有趣的文章說：“土耳其試圖根據 [a] 新興世界新秩序的現實來定位自己……隨著歷史的軸心從 [the] 大西洋移到 [the] 太平洋，土耳其恰如其分地鞏固了其外交政策的多邊層面。”
這篇文章概括了安卡拉的世界觀，它把一些棋子推向阿富汗，希望與中國、俄羅斯和伊朗合作控制喀布爾。
就像美國和蘇聯於 1945 年遷入柏林一樣，土耳其認為這是一個關鍵時刻。隨著美國的衰落，新的全球領導人將進入眾所周知的 2021 年柏林，也就是喀布爾。
在美國全球反恐戰爭之後出現的後美國世界是一個土耳其、俄羅斯、中國和伊朗將協同工作而不是相互對抗以削弱美國的世界。
Turkey sees Afghanistan as lever for global agenda - analysis
Ankara is pursuing both its Islamic and pragmatic geopolitical agendas in Kabul. Despite its concerns, it sees the Taliban win as a boost for its global aspirations.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
AUGUST 22, 2021 17:05
Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif attends a news conference with his Turkish counterpart Mevlut Cavusoglu in Istanbul, Turkey, January 29, 2021
(photo credit: TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTRY /HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Turkey is desperate to find a way to work with the Taliban and get control of Kabul’s Hamid Karzai International Airport.
It has several agendas. It wants to control Afghanistan as a key route to China and Iran and also to sit astride global jihadist moments from Idlib to Kabul so that it can use them for its own agenda to become an Islamic world leader.
Turkey’s ruling AKP party is linked to the Muslim Brotherhood and Hamas, and it wants to work with Malaysia, Pakistan and other countries on what it sees as “Islamic” causes, such as pressuring India over Kashmir. But it has pragmatic reasons for cooperation with the Taliban as well: Kabul can be the key to influence over Iran, Pakistan, China and Russia.
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Taliban promise to protect women,
then kill them forhow they dress
Turkey’s military presence in Afghanistan is to strengthen the
new Kabul administration
’s hand in the international arena, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said last week. Erdogan means he wants to help the Taliban, much as Turkey’s ally Qatar has helped them.
Ankara will also position itself as a faucet controlling the flow of Afghan refugees into Europe. It will use the refugee pressure to get funding from Germany in exchange for stemming the tide of Afghans.
Turkey is building a wall on the border with Iran to keep Afghans out and wants control of the airport to ship them back. Germany, a key ally of Turkey, and other European states will likely pay it to crush the hopes of refugees, as European Union states have done since 2015.
Taliban fighters march in uniforms on the street in Qalat, Zabul Province, Afghanistan, in this still image taken from social media video uploaded August 19, 2021 (credit: REUTERS)
But what is Turkey saying about its role in Afghanistan?
Almost all Turkish media is controlled by the government or is linked to far-right groups that support the governing AKP Party, so Turkish headlines can be construed as mimicking the government narrative.
“Turkey will exert all efforts for stability in Afghanistan,” Daily Sabah reported last week.
Meanwhile, an article at government-run TRT World’s website was titled: “How international actors laid the groundwork for Taliban rule.”
“Despite the Taliban insurgency’s strength and its powerful local connections across the country, many experts think that some regional players and international actors, primarily the US, have played a crucial role in facilitating Taliban rule across Afghanistan,” the article said.
Turkey, which is working with Russia to buy S-400s and has new deals with China, is also interested in what they think.
Russia and China want the Taliban to keep ISIS and al-Qaeda weak in Afghanistan and not be a platform for terrorism, according to the article.
A more interesting article on the pro-government Anadolu news site said last week: “Turkey seeks to position itself according to realities of [a] emerging new world order… As the axis of history moves from [the] Atlantic to [the] Pacific, Turkey aptly consolidates [the] multilateral dimension of its foreign policy.”
This article encapsulates the worldview of Ankara in its move to push some of its chess pieces into Afghanistan with the hopes of working with China, Russia and Iran to control Kabul.
Much like the US and Soviet Union moved into Berlin in 1945, Turkey sees this as a key moment. As the US declines, the new global leaders will move into the proverbial Berlin of 2021, which is Kabul.
The post-American world that came in the wake of the US Global War on Terrorism is one where Turkey, Russia, China and Iran will work in concert and not against each other to weaken the US.
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