撰文： 明日科學 分類：健康友善社會 圖檔來源：達志 日期：2021-08-25

以一些國家來說，未來的幾代人可能絕大多數都是男性，因為文化壓力導致父母只能以生育男性為主，根據《今日醫學新聞》報導，一組來自美國、沙烏地阿拉伯、新加坡和印度的大學和機構科學家預測，以一些傳統文化來看，在未來幾十年當中，墮胎女性的社會壓力將顯著地讓整個國家的人口結構失衡。

「在美國，幾乎有一半的懷孕是沒有預期的，其中有40%的孕程以墮胎終結，一天大概會有超過三千起，整體來看，有22%的懷孕（包含流產）以墮胎告終。」打開世界實時統計數據來看，直至2021年墮胎數字已破百萬，仍持續增加中。

近日發表在《英國醫學雜誌全球健康》(BMJ Global Health)上的一項研究顯示，根據目前的趨勢，到了2030年，可能會有多達470萬名女嬰失蹤在那些傾向於生男孩的國家當中，甚至到了2100年，這個數字可能會上升到2200萬。

這些數據來自12個新生兒性別比例失衡國家的數十億份出生記錄，研究人員統計了1970年至2017年期間共有4500萬女嬰「失蹤」，其中95%來自印度和中國，主要原因是他們所說的「產前性別歧視」。研究人員在研究當中強調了性別不平等的惡性循環，重男輕女的事實導致了過多的男嬰被生下，僅僅用基本的數學計算就可以發現未來的男性想找到伴侶結婚是非常困難的事。科學家警告說：「這可能會導致男性暴力現象，甚至男性會對女性有更惡劣的對待方式。」

他們在研究報告中寫到：「社會中男性偏多的性別結構可能會導致諸如婚姻不平衡、適婚女性缺乏等人口統計學問題。」「女性數量低於預期可能會導致反社會行為和暴力行為增加，並最終影響長期穩定社會的可持續發展。」

為了打破這種循環，研究人員呼籲需要密切監測相關國家的新生兒人口統計數據，特別是為在有被忽視或虐待經驗的婦女和女孩上提供更好的法律保護。

撰文： 沈榮欽 加拿大約克大學副教授 分類：健康友善社會 圖檔來源：shutterstock 日期：2021-07-01

2019年初《無人地球：全面改寫經濟、政治、國際局勢的人口崩潰之戰》這本書英文版剛上市時，我立即在臉書介紹，作者布瑞克 （Darrell Bricker）和伊比森 （John Ibbitson）分別是加拿大學者與記者，兩人在本書中提出與聯合國人口預測十分不同的論點：

全球人口 —— 無論是歐美亞非 —— 不是在減少中，就是很快就會下降，這使得世界各國對於人口的下降，處於準備不足的狀態，將會給世界各國帶來不同的危機，並衝擊我們對於國際局勢的認識。

舉例來說，和當時流行中國龐大人口的論述不同，根據作者的估計，中國將面臨極為嚴重的人口問題，其嚴重程度足以抵銷中國所有的消費、投資與出口而有餘，到本世紀末，中國人口的下滑與美國人口的上升，將會使得美國領先中國的幅度加大。

這種長期論點與所有人的預測不同。目前所有人都相信，美國人口僅佔中國四分之一，所以只要中國人均所得達到美國的四分之一，中國的經濟規模就超越美國了，而且這種趨勢不可逆轉，中國領先美國的幅度將不斷增加，到本世紀末，全球基本上處於中國經濟霸權的壓力下。

在長期趨勢下，只要對於人口增長變化估計有極小的差異，對人類政治與經濟的衝擊也會無限放大，這是我們不得不重視人口變遷的重要原因。

當然作者的估計不一定正確，有些人口學者表示懷疑，聯合國專家更認為作者誇大少子化的嚴重程度。但是我一見到本書出版，就立刻在臉書介紹的原因在於，至少在台灣、香港、南韓、日本與中國這些東亞國家，作者的預測不需要長期，而是正在發生的趨勢。

不久前CIA公布台灣生育率全球最低，只要這個趨勢繼續下去，長期而言，無論台灣的教育與經濟結構如何改革，人口的衰退足以抵銷所有台灣人在教育與創新上的努力，令台灣經濟與國力下滑，台積電也將岌岌可危，因此我在媒體專欄中呼籲應該立即「開放台灣，大量增加移民」。

少子化的確是國安危機。原先本書只有簡體版，如今繁體版《無人地球》終於由《今周刊》出版，將於7月8日上市，希望有興趣的朋友不妨一讀，以下附上我當時對英文版的介紹。

兩位加拿大作者John Ibbitson 和 Darrell Bricker 的新書《空蕩蕩的星球》，對於聯合國預測到本世紀末，世界人口將增加到112億，他們認為這是大錯特錯。

他們到維也納拜訪人口學者Wolfgang Lutz時，Lutz 說：「人類最重要的生殖器官就是你的思想」，因此他們請Lutz在聯合國預測人口的三個變數：生育率，遷移率和死亡率之外，再加入女性教育程度改善，人口立刻降至80-90億。

他們認為這還是太高，在拜訪多個國家以及調查26個國家之後，他們估計2040年世界人口可能達到90億左右，2050年之後，世界人口將逐漸下降，而且不會再增加，到本世紀末，大概不會超過今天的75億。

這麼重大的差異，當然代表我們今天對於城市規劃、醫療、年金、工作型態、家庭、教育、投資等各種規劃都可能是錯誤的，甚至對於選民投票傾向的改變與改造政治體制的壓力，我們準備好了嗎？

這種說法自然與馬爾薩斯與羅馬俱樂部以來根深蒂固的觀點背道而馳，事實上去年兩位加拿大學者Desrochers和Szurmak 才出版了《人口爆炸》（Population Bombed！）一書，探討人口爆炸與氣候變遷的影響，他們的結論正是過去人力資本學者解決馬爾薩斯難題的方法：大量增加的人口會帶來創新與生產力的增加，足以解決人口暴增的問題。

例如在過去的200年裡，世界人口從10億躍升至75億，但是生活在極端貧窮的人口比例從1820年的84％降至今天的10％以下；全球預期壽命平均值從1900年的30歲上升到今天的70歲；隨著人口的增長，糧食生產，環境條件和能源效率都在飆升。

但是如果Desrochers和Szurmak 的人口爆炸估計是錯誤的，比如說最顯而易見的：人口減少使得創新也隨之降低（企業家與新創企業的減少），會對世界產生什麼影響？

更明顯的事情是世界各國的國力將與今日的景象完全不同，例如中國必然走向衰退，而美國將繼續領先全球。

作者的調查顯示生育率的下降速度比大多數專家預測得更快，例如聯合國預計美國2015-2020年的生育率是1.9，但是到目前才1.8，而且還在下降中。菲律賓的生育率從2003 年到 2018 年自 3.7 降低到 2.7，也就是 15 年少生一個小孩。而在美國，這樣的改變速度緩慢許多，大約從 1800 年到 1964 年嬰兒潮末期才少生一個小孩。

巴西和中國有約半數女性永久絕育，韓國、日本、台灣女性推遲到30多歲才生小孩，還有很多女性完全放棄生育，美國的西語裔的生育率也出乎意料地下降。義大利衛生部長Beatrice Lorenzin 在2015年感嘆：「我們是一個垂死的國家。」

作者估計到本世紀末，美國人口會增加到5億，而中國人口會劇降至6-7億，試問屆時兩國的國力會如何消長？中國人口減少的速率可能會超過各種改革與經濟措施的效果，使得中國的國力在二十一世紀中期之後必然衰退。

「如果」他們的估計是正確的，台灣顯然有同樣的問題，甚或更加嚴重，應該怎麼辦？

中國人與加拿大人同樣不喜歡生小孩，但是加拿大比中國更歡迎移民，加拿大有五分之一的國民並非出生於加拿大，而且比例還在增加中。自由黨政府的目標是每年移民人數為35萬，佔人口的1％。

中國目前14億人口，加拿大3300萬，世紀末中國5-6億，加拿大1億，人口的改變將會是世界各國國力改變的最大因素。

作者建議美國與其蓋圍牆，或許可以學習加拿大的merit-based 移民政策，台灣也可以學習，並且歡迎外國學生來台就讀，畢業後就業，給予移民身份。

幫助移民建立台灣意識，避免民眾排外情緒。難民雖然對世界造成重大影響，造成強烈排外情緒，但事實上難民對人口的影響微乎其微，移民與生育才是最重要的因素。

營造利於扶養小孩的環境，並且強化性別平等教育，丈夫多花時間在家庭與子女上，對於降低妻子的負擔有直接的效果。

※本文獲 沈榮欽副教授 授權轉載，原文出處

· 阿富汗強硬派新統治者塔利班（Taliban）呼籲，戰爭已經結束，新政府即將成立，前政府部隊成員應融入新政權。塔利班發言人穆賈希德（Zabihullah Mujahid）在首都喀布爾（Kabul）的記者會上指出：「過去20年來受過訓練的阿富汗部隊成員，將獲邀與塔利班成員一起重新加入安全部門。」

· 阿富汗武裝組織塔利班6日宣布「完全占領」反抗勢力在境內的最後據點龐吉夏河谷。不過，反抗軍戰士矢言，他們仍將持續對抗這個強硬的伊斯蘭組織。

· 聯合國發言人表示，重掌阿富汗政權的武裝組織塔利班向聯合國在喀布爾的人道救援主管承諾，會擔保人道工作人員安全，並讓救援物資進入阿富汗。

· 阿富汗武裝組織塔利班（Taliban）6日表示，反抗勢力在阿富汗最後的地盤龐吉夏河谷（Panjshir Valley）已「完全被占領」。法新社報導，塔利班發言人穆賈希德（Zabihullah Mujahid）在聲明中說：「有了這場勝仗，我國終於完全脫離戰爭泥淖。」

· 對抗阿富汗武裝組織塔利班的阿富汗「民族抵抗陣線」（National Resistance Front）領袖小馬樹德（Ahmad Massoud）今天表示，他歡迎伊斯蘭學者協會所提出，藉由談判結束戰鬥的提議。稍早塔利班（Taliban）則宣稱，鞏固周邊地區後，他們挺進龐吉夏（Panjshir）的省會。小馬樹德領導的民族抵抗陣線以龐吉夏河谷（Panjshir Valley）為根據地，位於阿富汗首都喀布爾（Kabul）以北約150公里處。

· 奪回政權的民兵組織塔利班今天下令，就讀阿富汗私立大學的女性必須身穿長袍，並且戴著幾乎遮住全臉的面紗，同時嚴禁男女合班，或是至少以簾幕區隔。

乾旱、飢餓與戰火，阿富汗人：早已忘記 COVID-19

作者 黃 嬿 | 發布日期 2021 年 08 月 19 日 10:25 | 分類 國際觀察 , 環境科學 , 醫療科技

美國倉皇撤軍，過去被視為恐怖組織的塔利班很可能成為阿富汗新政權，讓這個世界屋脊高山國家備受世界關注。其實塔利班奪權前，阿富汗今年已飽受摧殘，史無前例的乾旱、飢餓和新型冠狀病毒 (COVID-19) 同時爆發，日子太苦，當全球都在對抗疫情，阿富汗人早就忘記 COVID-19。

今年乾旱特別嚴重，阿富汗的逃亡總統 Ashraf Ghani 早於 6 月 22 日宣布乾旱，紅十字會估計，阿富汗 30% 地區遭受嚴重干旱，七成地區也處在中度以上乾旱。缺水對阿富汗民生是重大打擊，原因是阿富汗只有 12% 土地適合耕作，但超過八成人民仰賴農業為生。據倒台政府稱，阿富汗小麥產量減少近 200 萬噸，超過 300 萬頭牲畜面臨死亡。

無法與氣候抗衡，阿富汗 3 千萬人一半以上生活在貧困線下，1,100 萬阿富汗人嚴重缺乏糧食保障。今年除了乾旱，又遭遇 COVID-19 肆虐。6、7 月疫情高峰期間，一個月就發生 1 萬例新病例，當時估計總人口三成都感染，即便現在疫情緩解，但過去兩週也有 3,600 例。

世界衛生組織 (WHO) 指出，從 2020 年 1 月 3 日至 2021 年 8 月 13 日，阿富汗確診 151,770 例 COVID-19 病例，7 千人死亡，由於各種疾病和暴力盛行，阿富汗衛生系統很難將新冠病毒與其他死因分開，因此專家認為真實數字可能遠高於此。

阿富汗對 COVID-19 的反應一直很緩慢，疫苗施打進度也嚴重落後，至今完整接種率只有 0.6%。據當地醫療組織稱，阿富汗情勢陷入混亂，更難判斷阿富汗疫情真實度，目前疫苗接種與檢測基本都處於停滯狀態。

儘管多國使館與非政府組織紛紛撤離阿富汗，但世衛組織已承諾留下，19日發聲明指出，阿富汗醫療系統受戰爭和動亂重創，醫療用品極少，且在塔利班接管前幾天，許多阿富汗人逃往喀布爾，極度混亂下幾乎沒人戴口罩，更不可能顧及防疫。世衛組織擔心疫情再次爆發，已觀察到在喀布爾和其他大城市出現腹瀉、營養不良、高血壓、COVID-19 症狀的人愈來愈多。

COVID-19 可能會為流離失所和貧困的平民造成全新苦難，但病毒早不在阿富汗人民擔心的問題之列。因為戰火，阿富汗是平民死亡人數最多的國家之一，ABC 訪問一名村莊婦女，她稱「在我的村子，失去太多年輕人、婦女和兒童，因爆炸、空襲和地雷每天都在發生，我們已完全忘記 COVID-19 這件事。」

Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund 是伊斯蘭主義者最後一次統治阿富汗時的副部長

由詹姆斯·埃德加今天，晚上 7:24

在這張攝於 1999 年 8 月 26 日的照片中，巴基斯坦總理納瓦茲·謝里夫在伊斯蘭堡會見了阿富汗外長毛拉穆罕默德·哈桑·阿洪德（右）。塔利班於 2021 年 9 月 7 日宣布毛拉穆罕默德·哈桑·阿洪德為阿富汗新政府的領導人。（SAEED KHAN / AFP）

喀布爾（法新社）——就在美國混亂的撤軍結束幾天后，塔利班週二宣布了他們政府的高級成員，此舉將鞏固他們對阿富汗的權力，並為他們的新統治定下基調。

8 月 15 日，在摧毀前阿富汗軍隊的閃電攻勢之後，伊斯蘭強硬派席捲喀布爾，他們承諾比 1996 年至 2001 年的第一次執政時期更加“包容”。

儘管如此，他們已明確表示將撲滅任何叛亂，並於週二向空中開槍驅散數百人，這些人聚集在喀布爾舉行的幾次集會上，以示對一個以殘酷和壓迫而聞名的運動的蔑視。規則。

週二晚上，首席發言人 Zabihullah Mujahid 在新聞發布會上表示，新政府將是臨時政府，塔利班老兵毛拉 Mohammad Hassan Akhund 將擔任新的代理總理。

他曾在塔利班舊政權下擔任外交部長，被列入聯合國黑名單。

代理內政部長西拉賈丁·哈卡尼 (Sirajuddin Haqqani)因涉嫌參與 2008 年在喀布爾發生的導致 6 人死亡的恐怖襲擊以及其他涉嫌犯罪而被FBI 通緝。

穆賈希德還表示，塔利班聯合創始人阿卜杜勒·加尼·巴拉達爾將擔任副領導人。此前，他曾擔任該運動政治辦公室的負責人，負責監督 2020 年美國退出協議的簽署。

塔利班發言人 Zabihullah Mujahid 於 2021 年 9 月 7 日在喀布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話。 (Aamir Qureshi/AFP)

塔利班創始人兼已故最高領導人毛拉奧馬爾的兒子毛拉雅庫布被任命為國防部長，而內政部長的職位則被授予了令人恐懼的哈卡尼網絡的領導人西拉賈丁哈卡尼，他也兼任塔利班副領導人。

廣告

“內閣不完整，只是在演戲，”穆賈希德說。“我們將嘗試從該國其他地區接收人員。”

在經歷了 20 年的叛亂之後，塔利班現在面臨著統治阿富汗的艱鉅任務，阿富汗飽受經濟困境和安全挑戰——包括來自伊斯蘭國家組織當地分會的挑戰。

最近幾天零星的抗議表明，一些阿富汗人懷疑塔利班能否將他們對更溫和統治的承諾變為現實。

2021 年 9 月 7 日，阿富汗婦女在喀布爾巴基斯坦大使館附近的反巴基斯坦抗議活動中高喊口號。（Hoshang Hashimi/法新社）

“阿富汗婦女希望她們的國家自由。他們希望重建自己的國家。我們累了，”抗議者莎拉法希姆在周二的一次集會上告訴法新社，當時聚集了 70 多人，其中大部分是女性。

社交媒體上發布的單獨集會視頻顯示，有一百多人在武裝塔利班成員的監視下穿過街道。

最近幾天，一些較小的城市也舉行了零星的示威活動，包括赫拉特和馬扎里沙裡夫，那裡的婦女要求成為新政府的一員。

廣告

負責首都安全的塔利班官員莫賓將軍告訴法新社，他被塔利班警衛叫到現場，他們說“婦女正在製造混亂”。

“這些抗議者的聚集只是基於外國情報的陰謀，”他聲稱。

一名報導示威的阿富汗記者告訴法新社，他的記者證和相機被塔利班沒收。

“我被踢了一腳，被告知要走開，”他說。

後來，總部位於喀布爾的阿富汗獨立記者協會表示，有 14 名阿富汗和外國記者在抗議期間被短暫拘留，然後被釋放。

網上分享的圖片顯示，記者的手和膝蓋有割傷和瘀傷。

與此同時，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯表示，塔利班重申了允許阿富汗人自由離開阿富汗的承諾。

2021 年 9 月 4 日，當機場工作人員排隊進入阿富汗喀布爾的哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場時，塔利班 Badri 313 軍事單位的成員在檢查站站崗。（Aamir Qureshi/法新社）

塔利班告訴美國，“他們將讓持有旅行證件的人自由離開，”布林肯在多哈舉行的新聞發布會上說，在那裡他和美國國防部長勞埃德奧斯汀會見了他們的卡塔爾人。

美國總統喬拜登面臨越來越大的壓力，有報導稱，包括美國人在內的數百人被禁止飛出阿富汗北部的一個機場一周。

廣告

週二的示威活動是在塔利班一天前宣布完全控制阿富汗之後發生的，聲稱他們贏得了潘杰希爾山谷的關鍵戰鬥。

繼8月中旬閃電般戰勝前阿富汗政府安全部隊和美軍在20年戰爭後撤出後，塔利班轉而與保衛山區的抵抗力量作戰。

在周一的新聞發布會上，塔利班發言人穆賈希德警告說，不要再試圖反抗他們的統治。

“任何試圖發動叛亂的人都會受到重創。我們不會允許另一個，”他說。

Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund was a deputy minister when Islamists last ruled Afghanistan

By JAMES EDGARToday, 7:24 pm

In this photo from August 26, 1999, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif receives Afghan Foreign Minister Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund (right) in Islamabad. The Taliban announced Mullah Mohammad Hasan Akhund as the leader of their new government in Afghanistan on September 7, 2021. (SAEED KHAN / AFP)

KABUL (AFP) — The Taliban announced the top members of their government on Tuesday, in a move that will cement their power over Afghanistan and set the tone of their new rule, just days after the end of a chaotic United States troop pullout.

The Islamist hardliners, who swept into Kabul on August 15 following a lightning offensive that decimated the former Afghan army, had pledged a more “inclusive” brand of rule than in their first stint in power in 1996-2001.

They have nonetheless made it clear that they will stamp out any insurgency, and on Tuesday they fired shots into the air to disperse hundreds of people who had gathered at several rallies in Kabul in a sign of defiance against a movement remembered for its brutal and oppressive rule.

On Tuesday evening, chief spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told a press conference that the new government would be an interim one, and that Taliban veteran Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund would serve as its new acting prime minister.

He had served as foreign minister under the Taliban’s old regime, and is on a United Nations blacklist.

The acting interior minister, Sirajuddin Haqqani, is wanted by the FBI for suspected involvement in a 2008 terror attack in Kabul that killed six people, including an American, and other alleged offenses.

Mujahid also said that Taliban co-founder Abdul Ghani Baradar will be the deputy leader. Previously he served as the head of his movement’s political office, overseeing the signing in 2020 of the US withdrawal agreement.

Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid addresses a press conference in Kabul, on September 7, 2021. (Aamir Qureshi/AFP)

Mullah Yaqoob, the son of the Taliban founder and late supreme leader Mullah Omar, was named defense minister, while the position of interior minister was given to Sirajuddin Haqqani, the leader of the feared Haqqani network who also doubled up as a Taliban deputy leader.

ADVERTISEMENT

“The cabinet is not complete, it is just acting,” Mujahid said. “We will try to take people from other parts of the country.”

Following their 20-year insurgency, the Taliban now face the colossal task of ruling Afghanistan, which is wracked with economic woes and security challenges — including from the Islamic State group’s local chapter.

Scattered protests in recent days have indicated that some Afghans are skeptical of the Taliban’s capacity to translate their promise of a more moderate rule into reality.

Afghan women shout slogans during an anti-Pakistan protest near the Pakistan embassy in Kabul on September 7, 2021. (Hoshang Hashimi/AFP)

“Afghan women want their country to be free. They want their country to be rebuilt. We are tired,” protester Sarah Fahim told AFP at one rally on Tuesday, where more than 70 people, mostly women, had gathered.

Videos posted on social media of a separate rally showed more than a hundred people marching through the streets under the watchful eye of armed Taliban members.

Scattered demonstrations have also been held in smaller cities in recent days, including in Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif, where women have demanded to be part of a new government.

ADVERTISEMENT

General Mobin, a Taliban official in charge of security in the capital, told AFP that he had been called to the scene by Taliban guards who said that “women were creating a disruption.”

“These protesters are gathered based only on the conspiracy of foreign intelligence,” he claimed.

An Afghan journalist covering the demonstration told AFP that his press ID and camera were confiscated by the Taliban.

“I was kicked and told to go away,” he said.

Later, the Kabul-based Afghan Independent Journalists Association said that 14 journalists — Afghan and foreign — were detained briefly during the protests before being released.

Images shared online showed reporters with cuts and bruises to their hands and knees.

Meanwhile, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said that the Taliban had reiterated a pledge to allow Afghans to freely depart Afghanistan.

Members of the Taliban Badri 313 military unit stand guard at a checkpoint as airport workers line up to enter Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, on September 4, 2021. (Aamir Qureshi/AFP)

The Taliban told the US that “they will let people with travel documents freely depart,” Blinken said at a news conference in Doha, where he and US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin met their Qatari opposite numbers.

US President Joe Biden has faced mounting pressure amid reports that several hundred people, including Americans, have been prevented for a week from flying out of an airport in northern Afghanistan.

ADVERTISEMENT

Tuesday’s demonstrations come after the Taliban claimed total control over Afghanistan a day earlier, claiming that they had won the key battle for the Panjshir Valley.

Following their lightning-fast victory in mid-August over the former Afghan government’s security forces and the withdrawal of US troops after 20 years of war, the Taliban turned to fighting the resistance forces defending the mountainous region.

In a press conference on Monday, Taliban spokesman Mujahid warned against any further attempts to rise up against their rule.

“Anyone who tries to start an insurgency will be hit hard. We will not allow another,” he said.

阿富汗抗議活動持續存在，給塔利班新政府帶來問題

在塔利班奪取喀布爾控制權近一個月後，抗議活動以及通常由女性領導的全國各地每日規模較小的示威活動對阿富汗新政府構成了挑戰。

通過路透

2021 年 9 月 7 日 21:12

本月早些時候，塔利班部隊在喀布爾境內站崗。

（圖片來源：路透社）

廣告

在塔利班武裝成員向空中開槍以驅散數百名抗議者後，一群阿富汗婦女蹲在喀布爾街道的一側並躲避。

其中一個人在拍攝他們的鏡頭前語速飛快。

“這些人（塔利班）非常不公正，他們根本就不是人，”她說。“他們沒有給我們示威的權利；他們不是穆斯林，而是異教徒。”

猛烈的槍聲重新開始，導致更多的恐慌。

槍擊事件沒有造成已知人員傷亡，週二抗議活動的視頻片段（其中一些在社交媒體上分享）顯示，塔利班在扣動扳機之前將步槍對準空中。

但是，在塔利班奪取喀布爾控制權近一個月後的抗議活動，以及通常由女性領導的全國各地每日規模較小的示威活動，對周二晚些時候宣布的阿富汗新政府構成了挑戰。

這個強硬的伊斯蘭組織敦促阿富汗人保持耐心，讓它有時間組建政府，然後再解決人民的要求。

塔利班發言人本週在談到女性抗議者時說：“他們被要求要有一點耐心，當系統建立起來並且組織開始運作時，他們就會回复你。”

現在部長們已經被任命了，一個在過去二十年裡公民權利得到加強的社會的期望只會增加。

上一次塔利班統治阿富汗是在 1996 年至 2001 年期間，女孩不能上學，婦女被禁止工作和接受教育。宗教警察會鞭打任何違反規定的人，並公開處決。

該組織承諾這次會更加寬容——許多阿富汗人和外國捐助者將密切關注這一承諾。

抗議者的要求各不相同。

西部城市赫拉特的女學生表示，她們會大聲遊說，爭取在新政府中獲得更多代表權，並爭取她們的權利得到尊重。

赫拉特大學商學院的學生達里亞伊馬尼說：“女性必須站出來拯救我們的工作和社會地位。現在或永遠不會出現這種情況。”

她說，她的堂兄弟是今天喀布爾抗議活動的一部分。

“我們並不勇敢，我們只是不顧一切地保護我們的基本權利，”伊馬尼說。

塔利班領導人發誓要根據伊斯蘭教法或伊斯蘭教法尊重婦女的權利。但他們也表示，在政府高級職位中不會有任何女性，到目前為止還沒有宣布。

週二，男人和女人還譴責他們認為巴基斯坦在塔利班背後的指導手——伊斯蘭堡否認的支持。

一些人提到了對塔利班唯一的武裝抵抗——喀布爾以北潘杰希爾山谷的戰士，他們已被趕出主要城鎮，但發誓要從他們的山區藏身處繼續戰鬥。

Afghan protests persist, posing a problem for new Taliban government

The protests, nearly a month after the Taliban seized control of Kabul, along with daily, smaller demonstrations around the country often led by women, pose a challenge to the new Afghan government.

By REUTERS

SEPTEMBER 7, 2021 21:12

TALIBAN FORCES stand guard inside Kabul earlier this month.

(photo credit: REUTERS)

Advertisement

A group of Afghan women crouched on the side of a Kabul street and took cover after armed members of the Taliban fired shots into the air to disperse hundreds of protesters.

One of them spoke rapidly at the camera filming them.

"These people (the Taliban) are very unjust, and they are not human at all," she said. "They do not give us the right to demonstrate; they are not Muslims but infidels."

Heavy gunfire resumed, leading to more panic.

There were no known casualties from the firing, and video footage from Tuesday's protests, some of it shared on social media, showed Taliban pointing their rifles in the air before they pull the trigger.

But the protests, nearly a month after the Taliban seized control of Kabul, along with daily, smaller demonstrations around the country often led by women, pose a challenge to the new Afghan government announced late on Tuesday.

The hardline Islamist group has urged Afghans to be patient, allowing it time to form a government before it addresses people's demands.

"They were asked to be a little patient and when the system has been established and the organizations are functioning then they will get back to you," a Taliban spokesperson said this week, referring to women protesters.

Now ministers have been named, the expectations of a society where civil rights have been strengthened over the last two decades are only likely to grow.

The last time the Taliban ruled Afghanistan, from 1996-2001, girls could not attend school and women were banned from work and education. Religious police would flog anyone breaking the rules, and public executions were carried out.

The group has promised to be more tolerant this time - a commitment many Afghans and foreign donors will be monitoring closely.

Protesters' demands vary.

Female students in the western city of Herat said they would lobby loudly for greater representation in the new government and for their rights to be respected.

"Women have to come out to save our jobs and status in society. It is really now or never situation," said Dariya Imani, a student at a business school at Herat University.

She said her cousins were part of the protest in Kabul today.

"We are not brave, we are just desperate to protect our basic rights," Imani said.

Taliban leaders have vowed to honor women's rights in accordance with sharia, or Islamic law. But they also indicated there would not be any women among senior government positions, and none have been announced so far.

On Tuesday, men and women also denounced what they see as Pakistan's guiding hand behind the Taliban - support that Islamabad denies.

Some referenced the only remaining armed resistance to the Taliban - fighters in the Panjshir Valley north of Kabul who have been dislodged from the main towns but who have vowed to carry on fighting from their mountain hideouts.

塔利班在空中開火驅散喀布爾數百名抗議者

數百名男女高呼“抵抗運動萬歲”和“巴基斯坦去死”等口號，走上街頭抗議塔利班接管。

通過路透

2021 年 9 月 7 日 15:54

2021 年 8 月 26 日，一群人在阿富汗喀布爾機場外向美軍展示他們的文件

（照片來源：路透社/STRINGER）

廣告

目擊者稱，塔利班槍手週二向空中開火，驅散阿富汗首都喀布爾的抗議者，視頻顯示數十人急忙逃離槍聲。

數百名男女高呼“抵抗運動萬歲”和“巴基斯坦去死”等口號，走上街頭抗議塔利班接管。鄰國巴基斯坦與塔利班有著深厚的聯繫，並被指控協助該伊斯蘭組織重新掌權——該組織否認了這一指控。

“伊斯蘭政府正在向我們的窮人開槍，”街上一名驚慌失措的婦女在伊朗電視新聞播放的一段視頻中聽到槍聲後說道。然而，沒有立即報告受傷。

隨著美軍上個月撤出，塔利班在阿富汗的迅速推進引發了害怕報復的人們爭先恐後地離開。

以美國為首的外國軍隊撤離了大約 124,000 名外國人和處於危險中的阿富汗人，但仍有數万人被拋在後面。

國務卿安東尼·布林肯說，美國與大約 100 名仍在阿富汗的美國人保持聯繫。

2021 年 8 月 16 日，阿富汗喀布爾喀布爾機場外，一名塔利班戰士沖向人群，這是從視頻中拍攝的靜止圖像。（信用：REUTERS TV/via REUTERS）

一位組織者告訴路透社，包括美國人在內的大約 1,000 人被困在北部城市馬扎里沙裡夫幾天，等待包機離開的許可，並將延誤歸咎於美國國務院。

布林肯在卡塔爾舉行會談，這是與塔利班的主要對話者，他說這個問題是一份文件。

“我的理解是，塔利班沒有拒絕任何持有有效證件的人出境，但他們說沒有有效證件的人此時不能離開，”他告訴記者。

“因為所有這些人都聚集在一起，這意味著不允許飛行……我們不知道有任何人被關在飛機上，或任何類似人質的情況。”

機場重啟

在同一次新聞發布會上，卡塔爾外交部長謝赫·穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜勒拉赫曼·阿勒薩尼表示，尚未與塔利班就卡塔爾及其合作夥伴土耳其如何讓喀布爾機場重新運行達成協議。

他說：“我們希望在接下來的幾天裡，我們能夠達到機場能夠為乘客和人道主義援助正常運行的水平。”

土耳其表示，它希望在機場內提供安全保障，以保護任何土耳其工作人員和保障行動，但塔利班堅持認為外國軍隊不能出現。

週一，伊斯蘭激進分子聲稱在潘杰希爾山谷取得勝利，這是最後一個反對它的省份，並承諾很快會任命一個政府。

社交媒體上的圖片顯示，在與由潘杰希爾領導人艾哈邁德·馬蘇德 (Ahmad Massoud) 指揮的阿富汗民族抵抗陣線 (NRFA) 戰斗數日後，塔利班成員站在潘杰希爾州長的大院前。

馬蘇德否認他的由阿富汗軍隊的殘餘部隊和當地民兵組成的部隊遭到毆打。

“我們在潘杰希爾，我們的抵抗將繼續，”他在推特上寫道。他說他很安全，但沒有說在哪裡。

塔利班一再試圖向阿富汗和其他國家保證，他們不會回到 20 年前最後一次統治的殘暴狀態，其特點是公開的暴力懲罰和禁止婦女和女童參與公共生活。

但在奪取喀布爾三個多星期後，他們還沒有製定計劃。

當被問及華盛頓是否會承認塔利班時，美國總統喬拜登週一在白宮對記者說：“那還有很長的路要走。”

學生隔離

阿富汗最大城市——喀布爾、坎大哈和赫拉特——的大學的師生告訴路透社，女學生在課堂上被用窗簾隔離，單獨授課或僅限於某些校園區域。

“拉窗簾是不可接受的，”喀布爾大學 21 歲的女學生安吉拉在電話中說，並補充說，在塔利班接管之前，女性在教室裡與男性分開坐著，但沒有任何障礙。

“剛進班的時候真的覺得很可怕……我們正在逐漸回到20年前。”

紅十字會與紅新月會國際聯合會（IFRC）表示，阿富汗的衝突，加上乾旱和冠狀病毒，已經使 1800 萬人——幾乎佔人口的一半——需要人道主義援助。

它說，成千上萬的家庭前往城市地區的救濟營，但發現他們既沒有食物也沒有收入。

聯合國人道主義事務協調辦公室 (OCHA) 發言人延斯·拉爾克 (Jens Laerke) 在日內瓦舉行的新聞發布會上說：“阿富汗的基本服務正在崩潰，糧食和其他救生援助即將用完。” 9 月 13 日舉行的國際捐助者會議。

世衛組織區域緊急情況主任里克·布倫南說，世界衛生組織正在與卡塔爾就急需的醫療用品的運送事宜進行聯絡。

國際移民組織表示，乾旱和戰爭迫使大約 550 萬阿富汗人逃離家園，其中包括 2021 年超過 550,000 人新流離失所。

西方大國表示他們準備提供人道主義援助，但更廣泛的經濟參與取決於塔利班政府的形式和行動。

Taliban fire in air to scatter hundreds of protesters in Kabul

Hundreds of men and women shouting slogans such as "Long live the resistance" and "Death to Pakistan" marched in the streets to protest against the Taliban takeover.

By REUTERS

SEPTEMBER 7, 2021 15:54

Crowds of people show their documents to U.S. troops outside the airport in Kabul, Afghanistan August 26, 2021

(photo credit: REUTERS/STRINGER)

Advertisement

Taliban gunmen fired in the air on Tuesday to scatter protesters in the Afghan capital Kabul, witnesses said, as video showed scores scurrying to escape volleys of gunfire.

Hundreds of men and women shouting slogans such as "Long live the resistance" and "Death to Pakistan" marched in the streets to protest against the Taliban takeover. Neighboring Pakistan has deep ties with the Taliban and has been accused of assisting the Islamist group's return to power - charges it denies.

"The Islamic government is shooting at our poor people," one panic-stricken woman on the street says over sounds of gunfire in a video clip shown on Iranian television news. There were no immediate reports of injuries, however.

The Taliban's rapid advance across Afghanistan as US forces pulled out last month triggered a scramble to leave by people fearing reprisals.

US-led foreign forces evacuated about 124,000 foreigners and at-risk Afghans, but tens of thousands were left behind.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the United States was in contact with about 100 Americans who were still in Afghanistan.

A Taliban fighter runs towards crowd outside Kabul airport, Kabul, Afghanistan August 16, 2021, in this still image taken from a video. (credit: REUTERS TV/via REUTERS)

About 1,000 people, including Americans, have been stuck in the northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif for days awaiting clearance for charter flights to leave, an organizer told Reuters, blaming the delay on the US State Department.

Blinken, holding talks in Qatar, a key interlocutor with the Taliban, said the problem was one of documents.

"My understanding is that the Taliban have not denied exit to anyone holding a valid document, but they have said those without valid documents, at this point, can't leave," he told reporters.

"Because all of these people are grouped together, that's meant that flights have not been allowed to go … We are not aware of anyone being held on an aircraft, or any hostage-like situation."

AIRPORT RESTART

At the same news conference, Qatari Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani said no deal had yet been reached with the Taliban on how Qatar and its partner Turkey could get Kabul airport running again.

"We hope in the next few days we can get to a level where the airport is up and running for passengers and for humanitarian aid as well," he said.

Turkey says it wants to provide security inside the airport to protect any Turkish staff and safeguard operations, but that the Taliban have insisted no foreign forces can be present.

On Monday, the Islamist militants claimed victory in the Panjshir valley, the last province holding out against it, and promised to name a government soon.

Pictures on social media showed Taliban members standing in front of the Panjshir governor's compound after days of fighting with the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan (NRFA), commanded by Panjshiri leader Ahmad Massoud.

Massoud denied that his force, consisting of remnants of the Afghan army as well as local militia fighters, was beaten.

"We are in Panjshir and our resistance will continue," he tweeted. He said he was safe but did not say where.

The Taliban have repeatedly sought to reassure Afghans and foreign countries that they will not return to the brutality of their last reign two decades ago, marked by violent public punishments and the barring of women and girls from public life.

But more than three weeks after seizing Kabul, they have yet to set out their plans.

Asked whether Washington would recognize the Taliban, US President Joe Biden told reporters at the White House on Monday: "That’s a long way off."

STUDENTS SEGREGATED

Teachers and students at universities in Afghanistan's largest cities - Kabul, Kandahar and Herat - told Reuters that female students were being segregated in class with curtains, taught separately or limited to some campus areas.

"Putting up curtains is not acceptable," Anjila, a 21-year-old female student at Kabul University, said by telephone, adding that women had sat apart from males in classrooms before the Taliban took over, but without barriers.

"I really felt terrible when I entered the class … We are gradually going back to 20 years ago."

The conflict in Afghanistan, coupled with drought and coronavirus, has left 18 million people - almost half the population - in need of humanitarian aid, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) said.

It said tens of thousands of families had headed for relief camps in urban areas, but found they had neither food nor income.

"Basic services in Afghanistan are collapsing and food and other lifesaving aid is about to run out," Jens Laerke, spokesperson for the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), told a news conference in Geneva, urging more aid ahead of an international donor conference on Sept. 13.

The World Health Organization is liaising with Qatar on deliveries of urgently needed medical supplies, WHO regional emergency director Rick Brennan said.

Drought and war have forced about 5.5 million Afghans to flee their homes, including more than 550,000 newly displaced in 2021, the International Organization for Migration says.

Western powers say they are prepared to send humanitarian aid, but that broader economic engagement depends on the shape and actions of the Taliban government.

國際原子能機構還警告稱，其評估伊朗核活動的能力“嚴重受損”，因為德黑蘭阻止其獲得監測設備

由TOI 工作人員和機構提供今天，晚上 9:16

伊朗國家電視台於 2021 年 4 月 17 日播出了納坦茲核設施的鏡頭。（屏幕截圖/推特）

聯合國核監督機構週二表示，伊朗近幾個月大幅增加了高濃縮鈾的產量，同時拒絕恢復與檢查人員的全面合作。

據國際原子能機構（IAEA）報導，德黑蘭自 5 月以來已將其 60% 濃縮鈾的庫存增加了四倍，這公然違反了 2015 年與世界大國達成的旨在遏制其核計劃的協議。

國際原子能機構還在其機密季度報告中告訴成員國，自 2 月以來，由於伊朗拒絕讓檢查員接觸國際原子能機構的監測設備，其核查和監測活動受到“嚴重破壞”。

該機構表示，它估計伊朗的裂變純度高達 60% 的濃縮鈾庫存為 10 公斤，自 5 月以來增加了 7.6 公斤。該國裂變純度高達 20% 的鈾庫存現在估計為 84.3 公斤，高於三個月前的 62.8 公斤。

該機構表示，截至 8 月 30 日，伊朗的鈾總庫存估計為 2441.3 公斤，低於 5 月 22 日的 3241 公斤。

根據被稱為聯合綜合行動計劃或 JCPOA 的核協議，德黑蘭僅被允許儲存 202.8 公斤鈾，該計劃承諾伊朗經濟激勵以換取對其核計劃的限制，旨在防止德黑蘭發展核計劃。炸彈。

這家總部位於維也納的機構警告成員，它對正確評估伊朗活動的信心——它所謂的“知識的連續性”——隨著時間的推移而下降，這種情況將持續下去，“除非伊朗立即糾正這種情況”。

國際原子能機構表示，某些監測和監視設備不能在不維修的情況下放置超過三個月。該機構表示，本月它可以訪問安裝在一個地點的四台監控攝像頭，但其中一台攝像機已被摧毀，另一台已嚴重損壞。

廣告

國際原子能機構總幹事拉斐爾·馬里亞諾·格羅西斯表示，他願意前往伊朗會見最近當選的政府進行會談。

2018 年，美國在時任美國總統唐納德特朗普的領導下單方面退出了核協議，但英國、法國、德國、中國和俄羅斯一直試圖維護該協議。

德黑蘭蓄意違反該協議的策略被視為試圖施加壓力，特別是向歐洲施加壓力，為其提供激勵措施，以抵消美國退出該協議後重新實施的嚴厲制裁。

美國總統喬拜登表示，他對重新加入該協議持開放態度。上一輪在維也納舉行的會談於 6 月結束，但沒有明確結果。

美國總統喬拜登於 2021 年 8 月 27 日在華盛頓特區白宮橢圓形辦公室會見以色列總理納夫塔利貝內特。 (Nicholas Kamm/AFP)

以色列一再警告伊朗正在尋求核武器。前總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡公開反對 2015 年的協議，稱該協議將為伊朗核武庫鋪平道路，並公開敦促拜登重新加入該協議。

上個月在白宮與拜登會面時，現任總理納夫塔利·貝內特警告激進伊斯蘭政權獲得核武器的“噩夢”，拜登公開誓言美國“永遠”不會允許伊朗獲得核武器。

以色列軍方負責人阿維夫·科哈維在周一發表的一次採訪中說，以色列已經“大大加快”了針對伊朗核計劃的行動準備。

IAEA also warns its ability to assess Iran’s nuclear activities is ‘seriously undermined’ because Tehran is blocking its access to monitoring equipment

By TOI STAFF and AGENCIESToday, 9:16 pm

Footage of the Natanz nuclear facility aired by Iranian state TV, on April 17, 2021. (Screen capture/Twitter)

Iran has dramatically increased its production of highly enriched uranium in recent months, while refusing to resume full cooperation with inspectors, the United Nations nuclear watchdog said on Tuesday.

Tehran has quadrupled its stockpile of 60 percent-enriched uranium since May, in open contravention of the 2015 accord with world powers that was meant to contain its nuclear program, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reported.

The IAEA also told member states in its confidential quarterly report that its verification and monitoring activities have been “seriously undermined” since February by Iran’s refusal to let inspectors access IAEA monitoring equipment.

The agency said that it estimates Iran’s stock of uranium enriched to up to 60% fissile purity at 10 kilograms, an increase of 7.6 kilograms since May. The country’s stockpile of uranium enriched to up to 20% fissile purity is now estimated at 84.3 kilograms, up from 62.8 kilograms three months earlier.

Iran’s total stock of uranium is estimated at 2441.3 kilograms as of August 30, down from 3241 kilograms on May 22, the agency said.

Tehran is only permitted to stockpile 202.8 kilograms of uranium under the nuclear deal known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, or JCPOA, which promises Iran economic incentives in exchange for limits on its nuclear program, and is meant to prevent Tehran from developing a nuclear bomb.

The Vienna-based agency warned members that its confidence in properly assessing Iran’s activities — what it called the “continuity of knowledge” — was declining over time and that would continue “unless the situation is immediately rectified by Iran”.

The IAEA said that certain monitoring and surveillance equipment cannot be left for more than three months without being serviced. It was provided with access this month to four surveillance cameras installed at one site, but one of the cameras had been destroyed and a second had been severely damaged, the agency said.

ADVERTISEMENT

IAEA director-general, Rafael Mariano Grossis, said that he was willing to travel to Iran to meet the recently elected government for talks.

The United States unilaterally pulled out of the nuclear deal in 2018 under then-US president Donald Trump, but Britain, France, Germany, China and Russia have tried to preserve the accord.

Tehran’s strategy of deliberately violating the deal is seen as an attempt to put pressure, particularly on Europe, to provide it with incentives to offset crippling American sanctions re-imposed after the US pullout from the deal.

US President Joe Biden has said that he is open to rejoining the pact. The last round of talks in Vienna ended in June without a clear result.

US President Joe Biden meets with Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, DC, on August 27, 2021. (Nicholas Kamm/AFP)

Israel has repeatedly warned that Iran is seeking nuclear weapons. Former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu openly opposed the 2015 deal, which it said would pave the way to an Iranian nuclear arsenal, and publicly urged Biden to reenter the deal.

Meeting with Biden at the White House last month, current Prime Minister Naftali Bennett warned of the “nightmare” of a radical Islamic regime attaining nuclear weapons, and Biden publicly vowed that the US would “never” allow Iran to attain the bomb.

Israel has “greatly accelerated” preparations for action against Iran’s nuclear program, military chief Aviv Kohavi said in an interview published Monday.

伊維菌素治療冠狀病毒？嘶

為什麼這麼多美國人購買一種用於治療馬匹的藥物？這與冠狀病毒有什麼關係？

通過瓦拉！

2021 年 9 月 7 日 23:51

伊維菌素

（圖片來源：路透社）

廣告

冠狀病毒導致人們做了一些非常瘋狂的事情。

拉斯維加斯的一家商店宣布，它將允許顧客購買這種用於馬的藥物——但前提是買家出示與馬的合影。

當然，你在想——為什麼？

美國的寵物食品商店對伊維菌素的需求顯著增加，伊維菌素是一種藥物，除其他外，可以清除馬體內的蠕蟲和寄生蟲。商店的工作人員感到困惑，直到他們開始意識到人們正在使用這種藥物來對抗冠狀病毒。

《紐約時報》上週報導稱，聖安東尼奧的急診醫生 Gregory Yu 每天都收到來自他的病人的類似詢問，其中一些人接種了冠狀病毒疫苗，另一些人尋求藥物伊維菌素。

順便說一下，這種藥物已經作為一種可能的冠狀病毒治療方法進行了測試，結果喜憂參半。

總而言之，據美國疾病控制與預防中心 (CDC) 的研究人員稱，最近幾周伊維菌素處方急劇增加，8 月中旬達到每週 88,000 多張的峰值。

伊維菌素受到疫苗反對者的稱讚，他們將其描述為一種神奇的藥物，但沒有足夠的官方數據支持他們的說法。在發現其中一項研究包含錯誤數據後，應作者的要求停止了一項顯示該藥物陽性結果的薈萃分析。在這項研究被拒絕後，薈萃分析發現，提高服用該藥的冠狀病毒患者的存活率沒有任何好處。

儘管這種於 1975 年發現的藥物被批准並規定用於根除人體中的許多寄生蟲，例如蝨子和疥瘡（甚至為其發明者贏得了 2015 年的諾貝爾獎），但伊維菌素的常見用途是治療動物。

最大的風險是服用過高的劑量；有記錄表明，人們服用的劑量比推薦給人類的劑量高 10-15 倍。過量服用的原因是這是一種主要用於馬的藥物，馬的體重比人類大得多。

因此，根據疾病預防控制中心的數據，7 月份因接觸伊維菌素而向毒物治療中心求助的人數急劇上升至正常水平的五倍。

在人們服用伊維菌素後，給美國各個毒物控制中心打來的電話包括噁心、肌肉酸痛和腹瀉的報告。過去，人們因過量服用伊維菌素而死亡，儘管他們中沒有人用它來治療冠狀病毒。

儘管從未充分證明它對治療冠狀病毒有效，但人們現在正拼命嘗試獲得這種藥物，並轉向 Facebook 等社交媒體網絡尋求有關如何找到它的提示。一些醫生將這種現象與過去一年對羥氯喹（由美國前總統唐納德特朗普推動）日益增長的興趣進行了比較，這種治療瘧疾的藥物在大流行開始後不久就在全球範圍內一舉成名，直到人們懷疑它是否能成功治療冠狀病毒。

《紐約時報》指出，最近對 14 項涉及 1,600 多名參與者的關於伊維菌素的研究進行的審查得出的結論是，沒有一項研究確定該藥物可以預防電暈、改善患者病情或降低死亡率。

其他 31 項調查該藥物的研究（包括在以色列）仍在進行中。Sheba 醫療中心的一名醫生至少有一個顯示出積極的結果。

簡而言之，正如美國食品和藥物管理局在推特上所說：“你們不是馬，也不是牛。說真的，你們所有人，停下來。”

FDA 在推文中添加了一條警告，即伊維菌素未被批准用於治療或預防 COVID-19，並且在沒有醫療監督的情況下服用大劑量會造成傷害。

Ivermectin for coronavirus? Neigh

Why are so many Americans buying a drug that is used to treat horses? And how does this relate to coronavirus?

By Walla!

SEPTEMBER 7, 2021 23:51

Ivermectin

(photo credit: REUTERS)

Advertisement

Coronavirus has caused people to do some really nutty things.

A store in Las Vegas announced that it will allow customers to buy this drug intended for horses – but only if the buyer presents a picture posing with the horse.

And of course, you’re thinking – why?

Pet food stores in the States have seen a significant increase in demand for Ivermectin, a medication that, among other things, clears up worms and parasites in horses. The staff at the stores were puzzled, until they began to realize that people were using the drug against coronavirus.

The New York Times reported last week that Gregory Yu, an emergency doctor in San Antonio, was receiving similar inquiries every day from his patients, some of whom were vaccinated against coronavirus and others who sought the drug Ivermectin.

This drug, by the way, has been tested as a possible treatment against coronavirus to mixed results.

To sum up, according to researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in recent weeks there has been a sharp rise in Ivermectin prescriptions, which peaked at more than 88,000 a week in mid-August.

Ivermectin has been praised by vaccine opponents, who have described it as a wonder drug, yet there isn’t enough official data to support their claims. One meta-analysis that showed positive results for the drug was halted at the request of the authors after it was discovered that one of the studies contained false data. Following the rejection of this study, the meta-analysis found no benefit in raising the survival rate of coronavirus patients who took the drug.

Mark Zuckerberg Buys 600 Acres on Kauai in $53 Million DealSponsored by Mansion Global

Recommended by

Although the drug, discovered in 1975, is approved and prescribed to eradicate many parasites in humans such as lice and scabies (and even won its inventors the Nobel Prize in 2015), a common use of Ivermectin is to treat animals.

The greatest risk is taking too high a dose; there are documented cases of people taking a dose 10-15 times higher than that recommended for humans. The reason for the prevalence of overdoses is that this is a drug intended mainly for use in horses, which have a much greater body mass than humans.

So, calls to poison treatment centers for Ivermectin exposure have risen dramatically to five times the normal in July, according to the CDC.

Calls to various poison control centers in the States after people took Ivermectin included reports of nausea, muscle aches and diarrhea. People have died from overdosing on Ivermectin in the past, although none of them had taken it to treat coronavirus.

Although it has never been sufficiently proven to be effective in treating coronavirus, people are now desperately trying to get the drug, and turning to social media networks such as Facebook for tips on how to find it. Some doctors have compared this phenomenon to rising interest in hydroxychloroquine in the past year, (promoted by former US President Donald Trump), the drug for malaria treatment which gained momentary worldwide fame shortly after the pandemic began, until it became questionable whether it could successfully treat coronavirus.

The New York Times noted that a recent review of 14 studies on Ivermectin with more than 1,600 participants concluded that none of them determined that the drug could prevent corona, improve a patient's condition or reduce mortality.

Thirty-one other studies investigating the drug (including in Israel) are still ongoing. At least one by a doctor from Sheba Medical Center has shown positive results.

In short, as the US Food and Drug Administration tweeted: "You aren’t a horse, you aren’t a cow. Seriously, all of you, stop it.”

The FDA added to the tweet a warning that Ivermectin isn't approved for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19 and that taking large doses without medical supervision can cause harm.

以色列專家分析 mRNA COVID 疫苗的長期影響

專家認為，mRNA疫苗不會產生長期副作用。

作者：馬揚·賈夫·霍夫曼

2021 年 9 月 1 日 21:21

PFIZER 和 MODERNA 能夠如此迅速地開發出針對 COVID-19 的 mRNA 疫苗，因為科學界多年來一直在用 mRNA 進行其他適應症的試驗。

（圖片來源：EUAN ROCHA/REUTERS）

廣告

當數以千計的以色列人趕回他們的健康基金，尋找第三次 COVID-19 疫苗注射和出國旅行後隔離的綠色通行證時，其他人則在詢問再次注射信使 RNA 是否安全。

美國食品和藥物管理局上週完全批准了輝瑞冠狀病毒疫苗，但在其新聞稿中指出，“尚無關於潛在長期健康結果的信息。”

然而，薩姆森阿蘇塔阿什杜德大學醫院傳染病科主任塔爾布羅什告訴耶路撒冷郵報，雖然他不能聲稱知道 10 年後會發生什麼，“沒有真正的理由認為有任何重要的疫苗的長期影響”。

他解釋說，沒有其他疫苗在批准前經過十年評估，並且沒有其他疫苗的例子——儘管沒有其他疫苗是 mRNA 疫苗——與任何顯著的長期影響有關。

耶路撒冷希伯來大學生物化學教授 Michal Linial 說：“沒有證據表明發生了什麼事情，除非它發生在前兩個小時、兩週或兩個月內。” “我們不知道免疫系統突然對 15 年前接種的疫苗做出反應的任何其他例子。”

也有少數例子表明人們對注射已經批准的疫苗的加強注射感到緊張。

如果一個人被生鏽的金屬割傷去看醫生，健康專家可能會告訴那個人注射破傷風加強針。這個人不太可能會問醫生加強劑是否安全，或者它是否可以防止她懷孕或他生孩子。

“這是同樣的事情，”Linial 說。“一開始我能理解這是一個突破，人們感到震驚，就像它是某種登月衛星，他們不想成為第一個登上衛星的人。但現在我們知道：這不是那樣的。”

相反，全世界已有超過 20 億人接種了超過 50 億劑的 COVID-19。例如，大約 2.1 億劑輝瑞 mRNA 已在美國分發。在以色列，已經註射了超過 850 萬劑。

根據疾病控制和預防中心的說法，雖然傳統疫苗通常會將減弱或滅活的細菌放入我們的體內，但 mRNA 疫苗“教會我們的細胞如何製造一種蛋白質——甚至只是一種蛋白質——從而觸發免疫反應在我們的身體裡面。如果真正的病毒進入我們的身體，這種產生抗體的免疫反應可以保護我們免受感染。”

布羅什說，這並不意味著疫苗會改變人們的遺傳密碼。相反，他說 mRNA 更像是一個插入計算機的 USB 設備：它不影響計算機的硬盤驅動器，而是運行某個程序。

“信使 RNA 是一種非常脆弱的分子，這意味著它很容易被破壞，”Linial 解釋說。“例如，如果你把 mRNA 放在桌子上，在一分鐘內就不會剩下任何 mRNA。這與 DNA 不同，DNA 和你得到的一樣穩定。”

她說，這種脆弱性適用於任何生物的 mRNA，無論它屬於植物、細菌、病毒還是人類。

上週，一名婦女在耶路撒冷的 Meuhedet 疫苗接種中心接種了第三劑 COVID-19 疫苗。（來源：YONATAN SINDEL/FLASH90）

雖然Moderna 和輝瑞疫苗基於新技術，但它們要求我們的身體每天做一些事情：細胞合成蛋白質。

Moderna 和輝瑞只是將特定的 mRNA 序列傳遞給我們的細胞。一旦 mRNA 進入細胞，人類生物學就會接管。核醣體讀取代碼並構建蛋白質，細胞在體內表達蛋白質。

Sheba 醫療中心旅行醫學和熱帶病中心主任 Eyal Leshem 教授說，這是相信疫苗不會產生長期後果的主要原因之一。

雖然輝瑞和Moderna疫苗是第一批面向人類患者投放市場的 mRNA 疫苗，但 Linial 表示，她認為直到現在還沒有開發出 mRNA 疫苗的原因是因為沒有必要在疫苗上如此快速地推進直到 COVID-19 出現。

事實上，在過去三年的大部分時間裡，科學家們一直在試驗 mRNA。Leshem 說，針對包括癌症在內的其他疾病的 mRNA 疫苗已經在人類身上進行了大約 10 年的測試，並且在這些試驗中“沒有記錄到長期影響”——儘管他承認這些試驗通常只包括少量參與者。

個人早在去年 7 月就開始接受針對 COVID-19 的 mRNA 疫苗，此後在全球範圍內密切跟踪不良反應。

在以色列，第一批疫苗於 2020 年 12 月 20 日接種。

布羅什說：“關於這些疫苗的不良事件的數據比我們以往任何其他疫苗都要多，”他補充說，從來沒有如此迅速地向這麼多人接種過疫苗。

大多數不良事件是簡單的“反應原性”——接種疫苗後不久發生的反應，是炎症反應的物理表現。例如，這些可能包括發燒、肌肉疼痛、注射部位腫脹或淋巴結腫脹——所有通常可以用撲熱息痛或類似藥物治療的症狀。

Brosh 說，疫苗與一種“免疫介導的現象”有關，那就是心肌炎——心肌的炎症——這是 16 至 25 歲的年輕男性的主要嚴重副作用。但即便如此，他說，心肌炎很少見，通常是輕微的，而那些發展成它的人已經完全康復了。

此外，根據 Clalit Health Services 與哈佛大學上週在《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》上發表的一項新研究，感染 COVID-19 的未接種疫苗的人患心肌炎的可能性是接種疫苗的人的四倍。

研究發現，每 100,000 名感染該病毒的接種者中約有 2.7 例心肌炎，而每 100,000 名未接種疫苗的感染者中約有 11 例。

總的來說，該研究表明，服用輝瑞冠狀病毒疫苗的個體可能會出現多達 25 種臨床相關副作用中的四種：心肌炎、淋巴結腫大、闌尾炎和帶狀皰疹。

相比之下，在未接種疫苗的患者中，多種嚴重不良事件的高發生率與冠狀病毒感染有關，包括發生心肌炎、心包炎、心律失常、心髒病發作、中風、肺栓塞、深靜脈血栓形成或急性腎損傷的風險大大增加。

“所以，我們都知道疫苗是安全有效的。這適用於初始劑量，也可能適用於加強劑量，”Leshem 說。

Linial 說，她相信未來的大多數疫苗都將由 mRNA 製成，因為“這是一項簡單、偉大的技術——毫無疑問。”

她還說，接種疫苗是戰勝這種流行病的唯一方法。

“如果人們想回到他們的生活，”Linial 說，“人們必須接種疫苗。”

Israeli experts analyze mRNA COVID vaccines long-term effects

Experts believe there will be no long-term side effects to the mRNA vaccines.

By MAAYAN JAFFE-HOFFMAN

SEPTEMBER 1, 2021 21:21

PFIZER AND MODERNA were able to develop their mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 so quickly because the scientific community has been experimenting with mRNA for so many years for other indications.

(photo credit: EUAN ROCHA/REUTERS)

Advertisement

As thousands of Israelis rush back to their health funds in search of a third COVID-19 vaccine shot and a Green Pass from isolation after traveling abroad, others are asking if another injection of messenger RNA is safe.

The American Food and Drug Administration provided full approval of the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine last week, but noted in its press release that “information is not yet available about potential long-term health outcomes.”

However, Tal Brosh, head of the Infectious Disease Unit at Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, told The Jerusalem Post that while he cannot claim to know what is going to happen in 10 years, “there is no true reason to think there are any significant long-term effects” of the vaccine.

He explained that there is no other vaccine that was evaluated for a decade before approval and that there is not an example of another vaccine – although no other vaccine is an mRNA vaccine – that has been linked to any significant long-term effects.

“There is no evidence of something happening unless it happened in the first two hours, two weeks or two months,” said Michal Linial, a professor of biological chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. “We do not know of any other examples in which the immune system decided to suddenly react to a vaccine that was given 15 years prior.”

THERE ARE also few examples of people being nervous about taking a booster shot of an already approved vaccine.

If a person were to get cut by rusted metal and go to a doctor, the health professional would probably tell that individual to get a tetanus booster shot. It is unlikely this person would ask the doctor if the booster was safe or if it could prevent her from getting pregnant or him from making babies.

“This is the same thing,” Linial said. “I can understand in the beginning that this was a breakthrough and people were shocked, like it is some kind of satellite to the Moon and they don’t want to be the first on the satellite. But now we know: This is nothing like that.”

Rather, more than two billion people worldwide have been inoculated against COVID-19 with more than five billion doses. Around 210 million Pfizer mRNA doses have been distributed in America, for example. In Israel, more than 8.5 million doses have been administered.

While traditional vaccines generally put a weakened or inactivated germ into our bodies, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, mRNA vaccines “teach our cells how to make a protein – or even just a piece of a protein – that triggers an immune response inside our bodies. That immune response, which produces antibodies, is what protects us from getting infected if the real virus enters our bodies.”

Brosh said that this does not mean that the vaccine changes people’s genetic code. Rather, he said the mRNA is more like a USB device that is inserted into a computer: It does not impact the hard drive of the computer but runs a certain program.

“Messenger RNA is a very fragile molecule, meaning it can be destroyed very easily,” Linial explained. “If you put mRNA on the table, for example, in a minute there will not be any mRNA left. This is as opposed to DNA, which is as stable as you get.”

She said that this fragility is true of the mRNA of any living thing, whether it belongs to a plant, bacteria, virus or human.

A WOMAN receives a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, at Meuhedet vaccination center in Jerusalem, last week. (credit: YONATAN SINDEL/FLASH90)

WHILE THE Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are based on new technologies, they are asking our bodies to do something they do every day: cells synthesizing protein.

Moderna and Pfizer are simply delivering a specific mRNA sequence to our cells. Once the mRNA is in the cell, human biology takes over. Ribosomes read the code and build the protein, and the cells express the protein in the body.

This is one of the main reasons to believe there will be no long-term consequences to the vaccine, said Prof. Eyal Leshem, director of Sheba Medical Center’s Center for Travel Medicine and Tropical Diseases.

While the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are the first mRNA ones to ever be brought to market for human patients, Linial said she believes the reason that no mRNA vaccine has been developed until now is because there was just no need to move this fast on a vaccine until COVID-19 came along.

In fact, scientists have been experimenting with mRNA for the better part of the last three decades. Leshem said mRNA vaccines for other diseases, including cancer, have been tested in humans for around 10 years and “no long-term effects were registered” in those trials – though he admitted that these trials generally included small numbers of participants.

Individuals began receiving mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 as early as July of last year, and adverse effects have been closely tracked worldwide since then.

In Israel, the first vaccines were administered on December 20, 2020.

“There is more data on the adverse events of these vaccines than we have ever had on any other vaccine,” Brosh said, adding that no vaccine has ever been given to so many people so quickly.

Most adverse events were simple “reactogenicity” – reactions that occur soon after vaccination and that are a physical manifestation of the inflammatory response. These can include fever, muscle pain, swelling at the site of injection or swelling of the lymph nodes, for example – all symptoms that can generally be treated with paracetamol or the like.

THE VACCINE was linked to one “immune-mediated phenomenon,” said Brosh, and that is myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle – which was the predominant serious side effect in young male adults between the ages of 16 and 25. But even then, myocarditis was rare, generally mild, and those people who developed it fully recovered, he said.

Moreover, unvaccinated people who contracted COVID-19 were four times more likely to develop myocarditis than vaccinated people were, according to a new study by Clalit Health Services together with Harvard University that was published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The study found that there were around 2.7 cases of myocarditis per 100,000 vaccinated people infected with the virus, compared with 11 cases per 100,000 unvaccinated people who were infected.

In general, the study showed that individuals who take the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine may suffer from four out of up to 25 clinically relevant side effects: myocarditis, swelling of the lymph nodes, appendicitis and herpes zoster.

In contrast, high rates of multiple serious adverse events were associated with coronavirus infection among unvaccinated patients, including a greatly increased risk of developing myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, heart attacks, strokes, pulmonary embolism, deep-vein thrombosis or acute kidney damage.

“So, all together we know the vaccines are safe and effective. This holds true for the initial doses and probably also for the booster doses,” Leshem said.

Linial said she believes that most future vaccines will be made of mRNA because “it is an easy, great technology – no question.”

She also said that vaccination is the only way to beat this pandemic.

“If people want to go back to their lives,” Linial said, “the population must be vaccinated.”

僑民部長致總理：立即實施西牆協議

在各政黨、機構和宗教團體達成妥協後，2016 年的西牆協議獲得內閣批准。

作者：傑瑞米·沙龍

2021 年 9 月 5 日 20:36

6 月 11 日，在西牆，39 位牆內婦女祈禱書被搶走、撕毀和銷毀。

（照片來源：牆上的女人）

廣告

僑民事務部長納赫曼·沙伊呼籲總理納夫塔利·貝內特立即執行西牆協議，在聖地設立國家認可的平等祈禱區。

在謝伊通過內閣秘書發給貝內特的一封信中，這位部長表示，在前總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡 (Benjamin Netanyahu) 政府於 2017 年無限期暫停該協議後，該協議可能會在下一次內閣會議上通過投票來實施。

“猶太新年和節日前夕的興奮和聖潔並不完整，許多寶貴的時間過去了，沒有一個統一、公平和公平的框架供所有來到西牆的信徒、男人和女人使用，”謝寫道。

僑民事務部長 Nachman Shai 上個月抵達總統官邸。（來源：YONATAN SINDEL/FLASH90）

“西牆是以色列和散居國外所有猶太人的祈禱之家，以色列政府有責任立即確保在南部廣場進行平等祈禱的權利，”部長補充說。

納夫塔利·貝內特總理沒有回應部長的評論。

在各個政黨、機構和宗教團體（包括極端正統黨派）達成妥協後，內閣批准了 2016 年的西牆協議，並將為非正統派人士創建一個政府認可的祈禱場所。西牆南端的東正教祈禱。

該網站將有一個獨立於主要西牆建築群的管理機構，其中包括改革和保守運動的代表，並且還將進行戲劇性的物理翻新。

2021 年在耶路撒冷西牆保存冠狀病毒法規（來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM）

因此，西牆主廣場不允許進行非東正教祈禱和圍牆婦女祈禱服務。

2017 年，由於極端正統黨派的壓力，內塔尼亞胡及其內閣無限期凍結了這筆交易，這些黨派在強烈的內部壓力下撤回了他們的支持。

前以色列改革運動主任、以色列議會憲法、法律和司法委員會主席、貝內特聯盟成員工黨 MK Rabbi Gilad Kariv也呼籲總理執行該協議。

卡里夫說，總理應該“重啟”西牆協議，並補充說貝內特還應該與參與製定該計劃的教派和組織的負責人舉行會議。

“不幸的是，近年來，負責該網站的總理辦公室與大綱的合作夥伴、代表使用該網站的公眾的運動和組織的領導層之間完全脫節，”卡里夫說。 .

“前任政府也沒有採取任何重大措施來防止[當前平等主義]場所的祈禱服務一再受到干擾，其中一些由擔任國家和公共職位的拉比領導，不幸的是，正如我們在提莎之夜所看到的那樣Be'Av，”MK 說。

強硬的東正教激進分子接管了平等主義祈禱區，設置了性別分隔圍欄，並嚴重擾亂了 Masorti（保守派）祈禱團體的祈禱服務。

卡里夫還呼籲總理代表他在總理辦公室任命一名當前平等主義遺址的協調員，以在實施全面的西牆協議之前處理影響該遺址的問題。

除了東正教活動人士反複使用該地點違反指定的非東正教祈禱區域外，其他問題還包括該地點牆壁石頭旁邊的一個小平台關閉三年。只有從平等主義部分實際進入牆壁本身，以及該地點缺乏廁所，導致南部部分公眾小便。

Diaspora Minister to PM: Implement Western Wall agreement immediately

The Western Wall agreement of 2016 was approved by the cabinet after a compromise was reached between various political parties, agencies, and religious groups.

By JEREMY SHARON

SEPTEMBER 5, 2021 20:36

On June 11, at the Western Wall, 39 Women of the Wall prayer books were grabbed, torn up, and destroyed.

(photo credit: WOMEN OF THE WALL)

Advertisement

Diaspora Affairs Minister Nachman Shai has called on Prime Minister Naftali Bennett to immediately implement the Western Wall agreement for a state-recognized egalitarian prayer section at the holy site.

In a letter which Shai sent to Bennett via the cabinet secretary, the minister said the agreement could be implemented through a vote at the very next cabinet meeting, following its indefinite suspension in 2017 by the government of former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

“The excitement and holiness on the eve of Rosh Hashanah and the holiday season are not complete, a lot of precious time has passed without a unifying, equitable, and fair framework for all worshipers, men, and women, who come to the Western Wall,” Shai wrote.

DIASPORA AFFAIRS MINISTER Nachman Shai arrives to the President’s Residence last month. (credit: YONATAN SINDEL/FLASH90)

TOP ARTICLES

“The Western Wall is the house of prayer for all the Jewish people, in Israel and the Diaspora, and the government of Israel has the responsibility to immediately ensure the right to egalitarian prayer at the southern plaza,” the minister added.

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett did not respond to his minister’s comments.

The Western Wall agreement of 2016 was approved by the cabinet after a compromise was reached between various political parties, agencies, and religious groups, including the ultra-Orthodox parties, and would have seen the creation of a government-recognized prayer site for non-Orthodox prayer at the southern end of the Western Wall.

The site would have a separate governing body from the main Western Wall complex with representatives of the Reform and Conservative movements on the body, and would also be given a dramatic physical renovation.

Coronavirus regulations are kept at the Western Wall, Jerusalem, 2021 (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM)

As a consequence, non-Orthodox prayer and the Women of the Wall prayer services would not be allowed in the main Western Wall plaza.

The deal was indefinitely frozen in 2017 by Netanyahu and his cabinet due to pressure by the ultra-Orthodox parties who retracted their support after intense internal pressure.

Labor MK Rabbi Gilad Kariv, former director of the Reform movement in Israel, chairman of the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, and a member of Bennett’s coalition, also called on the prime minister to implement the agreement.

Kariv said that the prime minister should “restart” the Western Wall agreement, adding that Bennett should also hold meetings with the heads of the denominations and organizations that were involved in forming the plan.

“Unfortunately, in recent years there has been a complete disconnect between the Prime Minister’s Office which is in charge of the site, and the partners to the outline, the leadership of the movements and organizations representing the public which uses the site,” said Kariv.

“The previous government also refrained from taking any significant steps to prevent repeated disturbances to prayer services at the [current egalitarian] site, some of which were led by rabbis holding state and public positions, as we, unfortunately, saw on the night of Tisha Be’Av,” said the MK.

Hardline Orthodox activists took over the egalitarian prayer section, set up a gender-divider fence, and severely disrupted the prayer service of a Masorti (Conservative) prayer group.

Kariv also called on the prime minister to appoint a coordinator for the current egalitarian site on his behalf in the Prime Minister’s Office to deal with problems affecting the site, ahead of the implementation of the full Western Wall agreement.

As well as repeated use by Orthodox activists of the site in contravention of the designation of the area for non-Orthodox prayer, other issues include the three-year closure of a small platform next to the stones of the wall at the site which is the only actual access to the wall itself from the egalitarian section, as well as a lack of toilets at the site which has led to public urination at the southern section.

這種流行的飲食也可以挽救你的性生活

一項新研究提出了關於地中海飲食與改善性功能之間聯繫的有趣發現，特別是對於一定年齡的男性。

通過瓦拉！

2021 年 9 月 6 日 06:25

地中海美食

（照片來源：INGIMAGE）

廣告

許多好處已經與地中海飲食有關，更多的研究繼續檢查其健康影響，揭示遵循它的其他原因。

這種飲食以包含全穀物、健康脂肪、多種水果和蔬菜的菜單為基礎，乳製品和紅肉的含量相對較低，被認為是最健康的飲食生活方式之一。

過去的研究已經確定了這種飲食對延長預期壽命的貢獻，因為它可以降低患心血管疾病以及某些類型的癌症、糖尿病、癡呆症等的風險。現在，一項新的研究發現，地中海飲食也有利於性功能，改善一般的血液循環，特別是對陰莖的血液循環，並且與更高水平的睾酮有關。

“在我們的研究中，我們發現地中海飲食與更好的身體敏捷性、更健康的動脈和更好的血流量、更高的睾酮水平和更好的勃起功能有關，”研究員 Anatcius Englis 說。

Englis 在歐洲心髒病學會年會 - ESC 2021 上展示了他的研究成果。

“可以合理地得出結論，這種飲食可以改善身體素質和性功能，因為它增加了血管中的血流量，並防止了中年人典型的睾丸激素水平下降，”Englis 補充道。

陽痿有多種原因，其中最常見的是血液供應問題。小血管擴張並向陰莖供應大量血液的能力受損，這使得陰莖組織無法充分硬化。通常，血管舒張受損是高血壓的結果。事實上，高血壓會使勃起功能障礙的機率增加一倍。

縱觀歷史，對於這個常見的問題，人們發現了各種奇怪的療法：古埃及人得到了鱷魚寶寶的心臟的幫助，希臘人用乾瓢蟲碰運氣，中世紀為此獵殺女巫。

還有今天？你可能聽說過藍色藥丸（偉哥之類的）

許多研究證明，堅持地中海飲食有助於降低高血壓。那麼，它對性功能障礙也有好處嗎？

這個問題構成了一項新研究的基礎。為了回答這個問題，研究人員招募了 250 名患有這兩種問題（高血壓和性功能障礙）的中年男性，並對他們的飲食、健身能力、睾酮水平和血管健康進行了評估。此外，他們還對性功能問題的嚴重程度進行了評估。

他們的結果似乎很有說服力：已發現嚴格遵守地中海飲食與更好的增加血流量的能力、更高的睾酮水平和更少的血管僵硬有關。亮點：遵循這種飲食習慣的男性勃起功能更好，功能障礙較輕。

“研究結果表明，地中海飲食可能有助於保持血管健康和生活質量的一些參數，這對於同時患有高壓力和性功能障礙問題的中年男性尤其重要，”恩格利斯說。

需要在正確的背景下理解這些發現，因為這是一項顯示相關性而非因果關係的研究。可以想像，堅持地中海飲食的人整體健康狀況更好，即使在本研究中未檢查的其他參數中，這些也可能影響性功能。然而，地中海飲食對性功能障礙問題有一定影響的結論並非沒有根據，甚至是非常合理的，因為血管健康對這些問題的影響很大。

地中海飲食對血管功能和健康的益處已在多項研究中得到證實，高血壓與陽痿之間的聯繫也是如此。任何有助於降低血壓的步驟都將有益於性功能。此外，有這麼多已證實的好處，幾乎沒有理由不嘗試並讓它有機會在這方面為您提供幫助。

This popular diet can also save your sex life

A new study presents interesting findings on the link between the Mediterranean diet and improved sexual function, especially for men of a certain age.

By Walla!

SEPTEMBER 6, 2021 06:25

Mediterranean cuisine

(photo credit: INGIMAGE)

Advertisement

Many benefits have already been linked to the Mediterranean diet, and additional studies continue to examine its health effects that reveal other reasons to follow it.

This diet, based on a menu that contains whole grains, healthy fats, a large variety of fruits and vegetables and is relatively low in dairy products and red meat, is considered one of the healthiest diet lifestyles to keep.

Past research already established this diet’s contribution to prolonging life expectancy, as it reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and also certain types of cancer, diabetes, dementia and more. Now, a new study finds that the Mediterranean diet is also beneficial for sexual function, improves blood circulation in general and also specifically for the penis, and is associated with higher levels of testosterone.

"In our study we found that the Mediterranean diet was associated with better physical agility, healthier arteries and better blood flow, higher testosterone levels and better erectile function," said researcher Anatcius Englis.

Englis presented his research findings at the European Cardiology Association's annual conference - ESC 2021.

“It seems reasonable to conclude that this diet improves physical fitness and sexual function because it increases blood flow in the blood vessels and prevents the drop in testosterone levels that is typical of middle-aged people,” added Englis.

Impotence has several causes, the most common of which is a problem with the blood supply. The ability of the small blood vessels to dilate and supply large amounts of blood to the penis is impaired, which doesn’t allow the penile tissues to harden enough. Often, impaired vasodilation is a result of high blood pressure. In fact, hypertension doubles the chance of developing erectile dysfunction.

Throughout history, various strange remedies have been found for this common problem: the ancient Egyptians were helped by the hearts of crocodile babies, the Greeks tried their luck with dried ladybugs, and in the Middle Ages hunted witches for this.

And today? You've probably heard of the blue pill (Viagra and the like)

Many studies have proven that sticking to the Mediterranean diet helps lower high blood pressure. So, can it also be beneficial for sexual dysfunction?

This question formed the basis of a new study. To answer this, the researchers recruited 250 volunteers, middle-aged men who suffered from both of these problems (hypertension and sexual dysfunction), and performed an assessment of their diet, fitness ability, testosterone level and vascular health. In addition they performed an assessment of the severity of problems in their sexual function.

Their results seem quite convincing: strict adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been found to be associated with a better ability to increase blood flow, higher testosterone levels, and less vascular stiffness. And the highlight: Men who followed this diet had better erectile function and less severe dysfunction.

"The findings suggest that the Mediterranean diet may help preserve some parameters of vascular health and quality of life, which are especially important for middle-aged men who suffer from problems of both high stress and sexual dysfunction," said Englis.

The findings need to be understood in the right context, as this is a study that shows correlation rather than causality. It’s conceivable that people who adhere to a Mediterranean diet enjoy better overall health, even in other parameters not examined in this study, and these too may affect sexual function. And yet, the conclusion that the Mediterranean diet has some effect on sexual dysfunction problems is not unfounded and is even very reasonable given the high weight that vascular health has on these problems.

The benefit of the Mediterranean diet for the function and health of blood vessels has been well established in various studies, as has the link between hypertension and impotence. Any step that can help lower blood pressure will benefit sexual function. And besides, with so many proven benefits, there is almost no reason not to try it and give it a chance to help you in this area as well.

--

Hosting provided by SoundOn