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Share 2021.09.17 國際新聞導讀-以色列要減少碳排放以保護地球、中國在河南舉行巴基斯坦蒙古泰國多國軍隊演習與恐怖份子對抗、美國暫緩對埃及1.3億每援軍事援助盼埃及改善人權、巴勒斯坦12月11日將舉行市鎮選舉、廣受愛戴的台灣的猶太拉比艾恩宏103歲過世
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2021.09.17 國際新聞導讀-以色列要減少碳排放以保護地球、中國在河南舉行巴基斯坦蒙古泰國多國軍隊演習與恐怖份子對抗、美國暫緩對埃及1.3億每援軍事援助盼埃及改善人權、巴勒斯坦12月11日將舉行市鎮選舉、廣受愛戴的台灣的猶太拉比艾恩宏103歲過世
2021.09.17 國際新聞導讀-以色列要減少碳排放以保護地球、中國在河南舉行巴基斯坦蒙古泰國多國軍隊演習與恐怖份子對抗、美國暫緩對埃及1.3億每援軍事援助盼埃及改善人權、巴勒斯坦12月11日將舉行市鎮選舉、廣受愛戴的台灣的猶太拉比艾恩宏103歲過世
我們的家是如何慢慢變得無法居住的
氣候事務：以色列面臨著彌補氣候變化造成的時間和資源損失的壓力。
由雷切爾·伯恩斯坦
2021 年 9 月 16 日 23:18
上個月，在瑞士英格堡阿爾卑斯度假勝地附近的鐵力士山上，毯子覆蓋了冰川的部分區域，以防止其融化。
（圖片來源：ARND WIEGMANN / REUTERS）
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隨著今年 7 月和 8 月耶路撒冷的大火肆虐，該地區的居民對這種情況非常熟悉，但這種情況卻越來越嚴重。煙霧在城市中徘徊的時間更長，烏雲籠罩著天際線，提醒人們大自然仍然勝過一切。
然而，特別是今年夏天，以色列終於抓住機會應對氣候變化，即使這意味著拯救家園的小步。
“以色列准備應對氣候變化；對此毫無疑問，”環境保護部總幹事加利特·科恩 (Galit Cohen) 在今年夏天早些時候表示。7 月 31 日，科恩對第 12 頻道新聞說：“我們必須做好準備……如果我們什麼都不做，我們就必須努力減少（溫室氣體排放），以避免出現預期的後果。”
科恩敦促政界人士在即將到來的國家預算中為氣候行動分配更多資金。今年已經有許多提議為氣候變化提供更多資金，希望新政府能夠推進預算。
政府於 7 月 25 日宣布，到 2050 年，它的溫室氣體排放量將比 2015 年的水平減少 85%，這是限制全球變暖的國際努力的一部分。
政府隨後設定了 2030 年的臨時目標，將排放量比 2015 年的水平減少 27%，這一年全球氣候協議在巴黎達成一致。與工業化前水平相比，巴黎協議旨在將全球變暖限制在 2 攝氏度以下，最好是 1.5 攝氏度。
“我們設定了重要的目標，我們按時履行了我們的國際承諾，最重要的是，我們動員了整個政府，”環境保護部長 Tamar Zandberg（Meretz Party）在公告中說。
“以色列政府在 7 月 25 日做出了決定；這是一個歷史性的決定，”Blue and White MK Alon Tal 說。“這不是對政府正在做的事情不屑一顧；達到 90.5% 的碳排放目標是史無前例的。” 然而，像其他西方世界一樣，以色列可以做得更多，實現更高的目標，塔爾說。“[美國總統喬] 拜登承諾到 2035 年實現 100% [碳排放]。以色列甚至不在同一個球場上，”他說。
聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會關於氣候變化的報告於 8 月 11 日發布，並沒有提供任何偏離地球氣候變化路徑的跡象。報告發現，陸地表面將繼續變暖，比海洋表面變暖（1.4 到 1.7 倍），北極變暖的速度將繼續超過全球地表溫度——是全球變暖速度的兩倍多。
在 IPCC 報告發布之前，氣候變化繼續主導對話。8 月 9 日，美國副總統卡馬拉·哈里斯與總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格通了電話，據報導，大部分報導的談話都集中在氣候變化上，特別是水資源短缺，以及火災的頻率和強度，例如美國西部。
隨著全球變暖的每一次增加，極端事件的變化繼續變得更大。例如，報告稱，全球變暖每增加 0.5°C，就會導致極端炎熱天氣的強度和頻率明顯增加，包括熱浪和強降水，以及農業和生態乾旱。
根據 2018 年 11 月發布的 IPCC 報告，全球變暖應限制在平均 1.5 度以內。然而，預計以色列的氣溫將高於全球平均水平。這可能會導致更極端的現象，例如夜間溫度可能比以色列白天溫度升高的速度更快，以及更頻繁、更猛烈和更持久的熱浪。
令人不安的預測
環境保護部以非常真實的數字清楚地說明了正在危及以色列的迫在眉睫的問題，以及危及到什麼。
自2000年以來，以色列的極端熱浪連續三天多高於平均氣溫至少6度。
以色列氣象局 (IMS) 還發布了一份關於極端天氣事件的報告，該報告指出全國整體變暖趨勢。該國西部地區的變暖速度特別快——沿海平原、低地和內蓋夫北部。
氣溫升高和暴雨強度增加將需要在基礎設施、地方當局的準備以及提高生態系統復原力的措施方面進行新的準備工作。由於變暖加劇，旱季可能會更長，並且可能會出現乾旱、城市熱島、乾涸的河流和火災。
短時間內的強降雨也意味著更多的土地氾濫——尤其是在城市——和土地侵蝕。城市洪水的危險性普遍較高，因為大部分土地沒有暴露在外，因此水不能滲入地下。
今年早些時候，這成為 Nahariya 的一個特別相關的問題，在暴雨之後發生了嚴重的洪水。一月份的降雨量在兩週內打破了 51 年的降雨量記錄，西部和上加利利的降雨量超過 400 毫米（15.7 英寸）。一名 38 歲的男子在 1 月的 Nahariya 洪水中喪生，此前他試圖拯救被困在翻倒的汽車中的人。
“我很高興以色列決定加入談判桌，”塔爾說。“我們正在盡最大努力，但還不夠。在某些領域，我們可以做得更多。”
在以色列可以做的一些願望清單中，Tal 表示，加入電動汽車是可以實現的一大步，除了為環境保護部提供更多人員外，立即處理 Nahariya 等地的排水問題，以及在不可避免的野火季節之前準備好更多的飛機和資源。
外交部表示，國家目標包括交通運輸碳排放量減少 96%，電力部門減少 85%，城市垃圾部門減少 92%。
至於以色列未來的預測變化，各機構已設法描繪出該地區將如何繼續面臨挑戰。
據水務局稱，到 21 世紀末，降水量有可能減少 10%。降雨分佈的變化可能導致水源補給減少，同時也將面臨鹽度增加的問題。約旦河——基尼雷特湖（加利利海）的主要水源——預計整個世紀將減少 22%。
根據國際監測系統，自 1920 年代初以來，降雨量或降雨量的季節性分佈沒有顯著變化。但2000年以來，降雨分佈發生了一些變化，表現為北方平均降雨量減少，南方平均降雨量增加，暴雨量和強度增加。
以色列的海平面也繼續上升 10 毫米。每年，預計最終會影響到該國的所有海岸線。隨著海平面繼續上升，預計水位線將下降，直至到達海岸懸崖，海岸懸崖可能會受到破壞。這將對位於海岸的所有建築物和遺產地以及需要搬遷的工廠產生影響。
由於海洋變暖對以色列海洋生態生物的潛在有害影響，平均氣溫升高和降水減少將影響作物質量和數量、牲畜功能，如牛奶產量，並導致魚類減少。
對於以色列居民來說，氣候變化也給糧食安全和弱勢群體帶來了潛在的麻煩。熱浪可能對老人、兒童和慢性病患者有害。隨著氣候壓力事件破壞糧食資源，糧食安全成為一個更加迫在眉睫的挑戰。
預計的水資源短缺也意味著我們目前的水源面臨更大的壓力。由於需要從河流和溪流中抽取更多的水，這些來源的水量將減少（預計降雨量也會減少），這將破壞與這些河流和溪流相連的生態系統。
水中鹽度的預期增加，特別是對於 Kinneret 湖，將使水更難使用。因此，各部委預計地表水將成為一種資源，以犧牲地下水為代價。
幸運的是，環境是一個共同的問題，而不是在以色列內部成為黨派的問題，塔爾說。
贊德伯格於 6 月接任環境保護部負責人，一直敦促為 2018 年啟動的氣候變化準備理事會提供更多資金。
然而，獲得足夠的資金對董事會來說是一個挑戰。它在 4 月份的一份報告中要求為短期氣候變化準備項目提供 25 億新謝克爾。塔爾說，這場危機需要更多資金用於適當的人員配備和預防措施。
“謝天謝地，氣候不是黨派問題，也不存在於政治分歧的任何一方，這意味著我們實際上可以做點什麼，”他說。
作者是內蓋夫本古里安大學沙漠研究博士。
How our home is slowly becoming uninhabitable
CLIMATE AFFAIRS: The pressure is on Israel to make up for lost time and resources in the wake of climate change.
By RACHEL BERNSTEIN
SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 23:18
BLANKETS COVER parts of the glacier to protect it against melting on Mount Titlis near the Alpine resort of Engelberg, Switzerland, last month.
(photo credit: ARND WIEGMANN / REUTERS)
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As the fires raged on in Jerusalem in July and August this year, it was an occurrence all too familiar for the region’s residents, yet one that has become increasingly exacerbated. The smell of smoke lingering for longer in the city and the dark clouds taking over the skyline served as a reminder that nature still trumps all.
This summer in particular, however, has seen Israel finally take its opportunity to grapple with climate change, even if means baby steps to save its home.
“Israel isn’t prepared to tackle climate change; there’s no question about it,” Galit Cohen, the Environmental Protection Ministry director-general, said earlier this summer. “We have to prepare… in order to avoid the hell expected for us if we do nothing, we have to work on reducing [greenhouse emissions],” Cohen told Channel 12 News on July 31.
Cohen was pressing politicians to allocate more funding for climate action in the upcoming state budget. This year has seen a number of proposals for more funding dedicated to climate change, with hopes that a new government will move forward with a budget.
The government announced on July 25 that by 2050 it would reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 85% from 2015 levels, as part of an international push to limit global warming.
The government then set an interim target of 2030 to reduce emissions by 27% from levels in 2015, the year when global climate accords were agreed in Paris. The Paris deal aims to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius, and preferably by 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared with preindustrial levels.
“We set significant goals, we met our international commitment on time and, most importantly, we mobilized the entire government,” Environmental Protection Minister Tamar Zandberg (Meretz Party) said during the announcement.
“The Israeli government made a decision on July 25; it was a historic decision,” said Blue and White MK Alon Tal. “Which is not to be dismissive of what the government is doing; to reach a goal of 90.5% in carbon emission is unprecedented.” However, Israel can do more and reach higher in its goals, like the rest of the Western world, Tal said. “[US President Joe] Biden is committed to 100% [in carbon emission] by 2035. Israel is not even in the same ballpark,” he said.
The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on climate change was released August 11, and provided no indications of straying from Earth’s climate change path. The report finds that the land surface will continue to warm more than the ocean surface (1.4 to 1.7 times more), and the Arctic will continue to warm more than global surface temperature – at more than twice the rate of global warming.
Ahead of the IPCC report’s release, climate change continued to dominate the conversation. US Vice President Kamala Harris spoke on the phone with President Isaac Herzog on August 9, with much of the reported conversation focused on climate change, according to the readout, specifically on water scarcity, and the frequency and intensity of fires, such as those in the Western US.
With every additional increment of global warming, changes in extremes continue to become larger. For example, every additional 0.5°C of global warming causes clearly discernible increases in the intensity and frequency of hot extremes, including heat waves and heavy precipitation, as well as agricultural and ecological droughts, according to the report.
According to an IPCC report published in November 2018, global warming should be limited to an average of 1.5 degrees. However, temperatures in Israel are expected to be higher than the global average. This can cause more extreme phenomena, such as nighttime temperatures that could warm at a higher rate than daytime temperatures in Israel, as well as more frequent, harsher and more prolonged heat waves.
A troubling forecast
The Environmental Protection Ministry makes loud and clear the looming issues that are endangering Israel, and what’s at stake in very real numbers.
Since 2000, extreme heat waves in Israel have been at least 6 degrees higher than the average temperature for more than three consecutive days.
The Israel Meteorological Service (IMS) has also published a report on extreme weather events that pointed to an overall warming trend all over the country. The rate of warming is particularly higher in the country’s western regions – the Coastal Plain, lowlands and the northern Negev.
An increase in the temperature and in the strength of rainstorms will require new preparations, with regard to infrastructure, the preparedness of local authorities, and measures to increase the resilience of ecosystems. As a result of increased warming, there may be longer dry seasons and there may be droughts, urban heat islands, dry rivers, and fires.
Heavy rainfall in short periods of time also mean more flooding of lands – especially in cities – and land erosion. The danger of flooding is generally higher in cities because most of the land is not exposed, thus water cannot seep into the ground.
This became a particularly relevant issue earlier this year for Nahariya, which saw heavy flooding following torrential rains. January’s rainfall broke a 51-year record of rainfall within a two-week period, with more than 400 millimeters (15.7 inches) of rain in the Western and Upper Galilee. A 38-year-old man died in the Nahariya floods in January, after he tried to save trapped people in an overturned car.
“I’m very glad that Israel has decided to come to the table,” Tal said. “We’re trying our best, but not enough. There are certain areas [in which] we can do more.”
Among the wish list of items that Israel could do to catch up, Tal said incorporating electric vehicles is a huge step that is attainable, in addition to providing more staffing to the Environmental Protection Ministry, handling the drainage issues in places such as Nahariya immediately, as well as having more planes and resources ready ahead of the inevitable wildfire season.
The Foreign Ministry said national targets include a 96% reduction in carbon emissions from transport, an 85% reduction from the electricity sector and a 92% reduction in the municipal waste sector.
As for the forecasted changes ahead of Israel, various agencies have managed to put together a picture of how the region will continue to see challenges.
According to the Water Authority, there is a likelihood of a 10% reduction in precipitation by the end of the 21st century. The change in rainfall distribution could lead to decreased replenishment of water sources, which will also face increased salinity. The flow of the Jordan River – the main water source of Lake Kinneret (the Sea of Galilee) – is expected to decrease by up to 22% throughout this century.
According to the IMS, there has been no significant change in rainfall or the seasonal distribution of rainfall since the early 1920s. However, since 2000, there has been some change in the rainfall distribution, characterized by a decrease in the average rainfall in the North and an increase in the average rainfall in the South, as well as an increase in the volume and intensity of rainstorms.
Israel’s sea level also continues to rise by 10 mm. per year, which is expected to ultimately affect all of the country’s coastline. As the sea level continues to rise, the water line is expected to recede until it reaches the coastal cliffs, and the coastal cliffs may see damage. This would then have an impact on all the buildings and heritage sites located on the coast, as well as factories, which would need to move.
The increase in average temperature and decrease in precipitation will affect crop quality and quantity, livestock functions, such as milk yields, and cause decreases in fish thanks to the sea warming’s potentially harmful effect on Israel’s marine ecological life.
For Israel’s residents, climatic changes also spell potential troubles in food security and for vulnerable populations. Heat waves can be harmful for the elderly, children and chronically ill patients. With climatic stress events damaging food resources, food security becomes a more looming challenge.
A projected water shortage also means more pressure on our current water sources. As more water will need to be pumped from rivers and streams, the less water those sources will have (also with the projected rainfall decrease), and this will damage ecosystems connected to those rivers and streams.
The expected increase of salinity in the water, particularly for Lake Kinneret, will make the water more difficult to use. The ministries therefore expect that surface water will become a resource, at the expense of groundwater.
Luckily, the environment is a shared issue and not one that’s become partisan within Israel, Tal said.
Zandberg, who took over as head of the Environmental Protection Ministry in June, has been urging for better funding for the Climate Change Preparedness Directorate, which was initiated in 2018.
However, securing enough funding has been a challenge for the directorate. It asked for NIS 2.5 billion in a report in April for short-term climate change preparedness projects. The crisis demands even more funding for proper staffing and preventative measures, Tal said.
“Thank heavens, climate is not a partisan issue and doesn’t exist on any side of the political divide, which means we can actually do something,” he said.
The writer is a PhD of Desert Studies from the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
中國通過多國維和演習炫耀國防外交
來自中國、巴基斯坦、蒙古和泰國的約1000名軍人在確山縣解放軍訓練基地參加了為期10天的演習。
通過路透
2021 年 9 月 15 日 09:14
在天津中國直升機博覽會期間，軍事人員在中國人民解放軍（PLA）空軍的軍用直升機前用他的對講機講話
（圖片來源：路透社）
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週三，中國軍隊結束了首次多國維和演習，展示了無人機和掃雷機器人的作戰能力，同時尋求展現更友好的形象。
隨著這個亞洲巨人通過每年向國防預算投入數千億美元來實現現代化和加強軍隊，它還努力向其他國家保證，其軍隊是一支向善的力量，而不是威脅。
來自中國、巴基斯坦、蒙古和泰國的約1000名士兵在河南省確山縣的中國人民解放軍訓練基地參加了為期10天的演習，但大部分士兵似乎是中國人。
中國維和軍事專家陸建新大校在基地對記者說，這次代號為“命運共同體2021”的演習凸顯了中國作為“世界和平和國際秩序堅定捍衛者”的地位。
2019 年 10 月 1 日在中國北京舉行的國慶日慶祝中華人民共和國成立 70 週年的遊行中，表演者走過天安門廣場，旁邊是展示已故中國主席毛澤東的花車（圖片來源：REUTERS/JASON LEE）
士兵們在一小群記者面前，在飽受衝突蹂躪的虛構國家 Carana 上演了恐怖分子與維和人員之間的衝突。
此次演習是基於 2016 年在馬里發生的一起事件，當時中國維和人員遭到襲擊，其中一名被殺。
部隊還根據 2016 年在南蘇丹發生的另一起事件重新演繹了一個場景，當時維和人員必須保護捲入派系之間戰鬥的平民。
在另一種情況下，無人機在戰場上嗡嗡作響以發現炸彈，發現炸彈後由機器人處理。無人機還兼作擴音器並發布多色傳單，敦促人們停止戰鬥。
這次演習也是中國軍事裝備的展示。外國軍隊使用中國武器和其他裝備進行訓練。
“外國軍隊使用中國裝備可以被吹捧為增強軍事互操作性的標誌……也是為了向外國軍隊推銷它們，”新加坡拉惹勒南國際問題學院國防研究員科林·科說.
中國一再試圖消除鄰國和更遠地區對其軍事意圖的擔憂，即使它定期在中國聲稱擁有主權的台灣和有爭議的南海附近進行演習。
中國以成為以聯合國安理會五個常任理事國為代表的大國中最大的維和部隊派遣國感到自豪。
作為第二大財政捐助國，2020年中國為聯合國維和行動提供了15%的經費。
專家盧說，自1990年以來，中國已派出5萬名士兵參與全球25個維和任務，修建或修復了17,000公里（10,600英里）的道路和300多座橋樑，清除了18,000枚地雷。
China shows off defense diplomacy with multinational peacekeeping drill
About 1,000 troops from China, Pakistan, Mongolia and Thailand participated in the 10-day exercise at a People's Liberation Army training base in Queshan county.
By REUTERS
SEPTEMBER 15, 2021 09:14
Military personnel speaks on his walkie-talkie before a military helicopter from Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force during the China Helicopter Exposition in Tianjin
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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China's armed forces concluded their first multinational peacekeeping exercise on Wednesday, showing off their combat prowess with drones and mine-clearing robots while seeking to project a more benign image.
As the Asian giant modernizes and beefs up its military by pumping hundreds of billions of dollars annually into its defense budget, it has also strived to assure other countries that its military is a force for good, not a threat.
About 1,000 troops from China, Pakistan, Mongolia and Thailand participated in the 10-day exercise at a People's Liberation Army training base in Queshan county in the central province of Henan, though most of the soldiers appeared to be Chinese.
The exercise, codenamed "Shared Destiny 2021," underscored China's position as a "staunch defender of world peace and international order," Senior Colonel Lu Jianxin, a Chinese military expert on peacekeeping, told reporters at the base.
Performers travel past Tiananmen Square next to a float showing late Chinese chairman Mao Zedong during the parade marking the 70th founding anniversary of People's Republic of China, on its National Day in Beijing, China October 1, 2019 (credit: REUTERS/JASON LEE)
The soldiers, in front of a small group of journalists, enacted clashes between terrorists and peacekeepers in the strife-torn fictitious country of Carana.
The exercise was based on a 2016 incident in Mali when Chinese peacekeepers were attacked and one of them was killed.
The troops also reenacted a scene based on another 2016 incident in South Sudan, when peacekeepers had to protect civilians caught up in fighting between factions.
In another scenario, drones buzzed the battlefield to spot bombs, which when found were disposed of by robots. Drones also doubled up as loudspeakers and released multi-colored leaflets to urge people to stop fighting.
The exercise was also a showcase for Chinese military hardware. The foreign troops trained with Chinese weapons and other equipment.
"The use of Chinese equipment by foreign troops can be touted as a sign of enhanced military interoperability … and also for the purpose of marketing them to foreign militaries," said Collin Koh, a defense research fellow with Singapore's Rajaratnam School of International Studies.
China has repeatedly sought to dispel worries in neighboring countries and further afield about its military intentions, even as it drills regularly near Chinese-claimed Taiwan and in the disputed South China Sea.
China takes prides in being the largest contributor of peacekeeping troops among major powers as represented by the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council.
As the second largest financial contributor, China footed 15% of the total expenses for U.N. peacekeeping operations in 2020.
Since 1990, it has sent 50,000 troops to participate in 25 peacekeeping missions globally, built or fixed 17,000 km (10,600 miles) of roads and more than 300 bridges, and removed 18,000 mined, said expert Lu.
美國將控制 1.3 億美元。埃及對人權的軍事援助
國務卿安東尼·布林肯的計劃打破了他的前任推翻國會對埃及軍事援助的審查的政策。
通過路透
2021 年 9 月 15 日 07:37
美國埃及抗議520
（圖片來源：美聯社）
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包括一名美國官員在內的兩名熟悉此事的消息人士稱，拜登政府將扣留對埃及的價值 1.3 億美元的軍事援助，以向這個阿拉伯盟友施壓以改善其人權記錄。
國務卿安東尼·布林肯的計劃打破了他的前任推翻國會對埃及軍事援助的審查的政策。過去，曾允許阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·塞西( Abdel Fattah al-Sisi ) 政府騰出 3 億美元的外國軍事融資作為例外，理由是這符合美國國家安全的利益。
但一位不願透露姓名的官員表示，部分資金，即 1.3 億美元，現在將因人權問題而被扣留，但如果埃及改善其記錄，將在未來財政年度提供。
消息人士稱，本週晚些時候可能會發佈公告。
國務院發言人沒有立即回應置評請求。Politico在周一晚些時候報導了這一舉動。
2021 年 7 月 28 日，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯和印度外交部長蘇布拉馬尼亞姆·賈尚卡爾在印度新德里的賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯·巴萬 (JNB) 舉行聯合新聞發布會（圖片來源：路透社）
十多個人權組織在 4 月份的一封信中告訴布林肯，如果他拒絕發放資金，“美國將發出明確的信息，表明它對支持海外人權的承諾是認真的。”
塞西於 2013 年推翻了穆斯林兄弟會，監督了近年來加強對異議人士的鎮壓。他否認埃及有政治犯，並表示穩定和安全是最重要的。
喬拜登總統已承諾將人權置於其外交政策的核心位置，權利倡導者一直在推動華盛頓對塞西採取更強硬的態度，儘管在開羅發揮調解作用以幫助結束 4 月份以色列和以色列之間的敵對行動後，與埃及的關係有所改善。哈馬斯武裝分子。
US to hold $130m. of Egypt's military aid over human rights
Secretary of State Antony Blinken's planned move is a break with his predecessors' policy of overriding a congressional check on military aid to Egypt.
By REUTERS
SEPTEMBER 15, 2021 07:37
US Egypt protests 520
(photo credit: AP)
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The Biden administration will withhold $130 million worth of military aid to Egypt in order to pressure the Arab ally to improve its human rights record, two sources familiar with the matter, including a US official, said.
Secretary of State Antony Blinken's planned move is a break with his predecessors' policy of overriding a congressional check on military aid to Egypt. In the past, an exception was granted to free up $300 million in Foreign Military Financing for Abdel Fattah al-Sisi's government on that argument that it was in the interest of US national security.
But a portion of the financing, $130 million, will now be withheld on human rights concerns but will be available in future fiscal years if Egypt improves its record, the official who spoke on condition of anonymity said.
An announcement could come later this week, sources said.
A State Department spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Politico had reported the move late on Monday.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and India's Minister of External Affairs Subrahmanyam Jaishankar hold a joint news conference at Jawaharlal Nehru Bhawan (JNB) in New Delhi, India July 28, 2021 (credit: REUTERS)
More than a dozen rights groups told Blinken in a letter in April that if he refused to release the funds "the United States will send a clear message that it is serious about its commitment to supporting human rights abroad."
Sisi, who ousted the Muslim Brotherhood in 2013, has overseen a crackdown on dissent that has tightened in recent years. He denies there are political prisoners in Egypt and says stability and security are paramount.
President Joe Biden has pledged to put human rights at the heart of his foreign policy and rights advocates have been pushing Washington to get tougher on Sisi, even though ties with Egypt had improved after Cairo's mediation role to help end the hostilities in April between Israel and Hamas militants.
會見以色列議會的新外國特使
政治事務：Emilie Moatti 開始了她的新角色，專注於外交政策和公共外交。
通過GIL HOFFMAN
2021 年 9 月 16 日 23:44
EMILIE MOATTI：我們不能成為一個單獨居住的國家，同時又是萬國之光。
（圖片來源：FLASH90）
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在新冠時代開始之前，以色列議會在以色列的公共外交中發揮了關鍵作用。
其 MKs 經常前往世界各地參加會議，代表以色列並解釋其政策。
來自各個政治領域的 MK 利用此類事件來建立他們作為以色列捍衛者的明星力量，包括未來的外交官 Tzipi Hotovely 和 Danny Danon、現任 MK Sharren Haskel 和前 MK Einat Wilf。
當世界從大流行中恢復過來時，以色列議會成員不再遍布全球，但以色列議會的國際宣傳並未停止，工黨 MK Emilie Moatti 打算以她獨特的方式領導它。
週日，莫阿蒂被正式任命為以色列議會外交和國防委員會外交政策和公共外交小組委員會的負責人。該小組委員會將處理以色列與國家、國際機構和組織的外交關係；監督其公共外交努力；並為處理此類問題的內閣部委提供議會監督，尤其是外交部。
她還是以色列議會駐歐洲理事會代表團團長，以及與法國和比利時的友誼核心小組的主席。
Moatti 是在內坦亞的一個宗教家庭長大的六個突尼斯血統孩子中的長子，在返回以色列並為政治家和政黨提供建議之前，他在法國工作和學習。當魯文·里夫林當選總統時，她擔任他的發言人，為齊皮利夫尼的哈特努亞黨提供建議，她的公司與以色列民權協會、日內瓦倡議、法國駐以色列大使館以及有爭議的三個月建議聯合名單及其巴拉德黨。
作為兩個女兒的母親，她遇到了她的丈夫，資深外交官丹尼爾·石克，當時他是駐法國大使。她丈夫的父親澤耶夫·沙克是外交部的創始人之一，曾任駐羅馬大使，是以色列第一任外交部長摩西·沙利特的私人秘書。
現在，確保外交部正常運作並代表以色列本人將成為 Moatti 工作的一部分。
在本週接受《耶路撒冷郵報》採訪時，Moatti 說她對開始這項任務感到興奮和謙卑。在她擔任職務的第一次出國旅行中，她將與意大利外長瑪爾塔·格蘭德和巴黎市長安妮·伊達爾戈會面。
“這是代表九百萬人的巨大責任，”莫阿蒂說。“我認識安妮·伊達爾戈和瑪爾塔·格蘭德是朋友，但這是我第一次正式見到他們。我不是作為 Emilie 來的，而是作為以色列的官方代表來的。我不能生氣或笑。我知道我的話很重要。”
在任命之前，莫阿蒂會見了外交部總幹事阿隆·烏什皮斯、外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德的外交顧問亞伊爾·齊萬以及現任和前任大使。她起草了一份關於未來十年以色列外交的文件，涉及如何講述以色列的故事和改善外交部。
“以色列沒有官方的國家對外關係世界觀，”她感嘆道。“但 Yair Lapid 決定向世界開啟新的一頁。我們將加強與世界的對話，而不是敵對，關注我們的共同利益。”
即使在戰略事務部關閉後，Moatti 表示仍有太多政府辦公室處理反猶太主義和 BDS 運動。她說，所有這些努力都應由外交部處理，並為以色列發言人準備統一的公共外交政策和信息檔案。
“過去，當外國媒體希望有人代表以色列發言時，會有一份授權名單，”她說。“現在，Youtube 上的任何一頭驢都在為國家說話，在毫無知識或細微差別的情況下說話。他們需要由官方外交和安全來源提供知識。一個國家有一種聰明的方式向世界展示自己。”
在莫阿蒂看來，前總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡錯誤地將以色列描繪成一個“獨居的國家”，必須不斷捍衛自己並證明其存在是正當的。
“我們不能成為一個單獨居住的國家，同時又是萬國之光，”她說。“我們強大了，我們的存在已經沒有懸念。我們不應該廣播受害者。我們應該回到日常外交。並非每次會議之後都需要召開大型新聞發布會。這是一個由負責任的成年人組成的政府。”
莫阿蒂稱讚拉皮德提出了加沙地帶經濟發展計劃，以換取制止恐怖活動。她說以色列應該起草世界來實施拉皮德的計劃，她說這與利庫德集團政治家以色列卡茨過去提出的建議相似。
儘管總理納夫塔利·貝內特的世界觀與她的不同，但莫阿蒂說她可以為他說話並解釋他在世界各地的政策。
“我從沒想過我會在 Bennett 領導下或與他結盟，但他是我的總理，”她說。“這是以色列的奇蹟政府，我們擁有議會民主制。我對首相很滿意。他發生了什麼事。當右翼上台時，除了內塔尼亞胡之外，他們會變得更好。他們突然意識到自己在哪裡，不能再胡說八道了。他們的話是有代價的。”
當貝內特走到他在議會全體會議的座位上並經過莫阿蒂的前排座位時，她說“總理先生你好”，尊重他的角色。
莫阿蒂堅信，在世界接種疫苗後，議會外交將捲土重來。她期待著明年夏天外交和國防委員會對美國的訪問。
在她說內塔尼亞胡政府“非常支持唐納德特朗普”之後，她很高興現任政府正在努力恢復其與美國客觀上的兩黨關係，她說特朗普“將我們與美國猶太人區分開來”。
Moatti 對美國總統喬·拜登的政策感到滿意，並無視紐約眾議員亞歷山大·奧卡西奧·科爾特斯等邊緣人士，以及與拒絕停止銷售的以色列特許經營商違約的 Ben & Jerry 冰淇淋董事會越過 1967 年之前的邊界。
“抵制不會為任何人服務，也不會影響以色列對巴勒斯坦人的政策，”她說。“我的世界觀並不取決於美國立法者的想法。喜歡我們的人喜歡我們。在不喜歡我們的邊緣人身上浪費時間是沒有意義的。那些處於邊緣的人將繼續相信他們所相信的。那些反猶的人不會改變，但這樣的人並不多。世界上的大多數人都無動於衷。”
當被問及在新的大屠殺歸還法通過後拉皮德對波蘭的待遇時，莫阿蒂說，以色列在決定如何實施其政策時必須考慮其對猶太人民的深刻承諾。
“國家利益不僅僅是經濟聯繫和在聯合國的選票，”她說。“如果他們不理解我們的敘述以及我們真正關心的事情，也許他們不會那麼支持。如果他們是朋友，我們可以告訴他們真相。我們移開視線並接受反猶太政策的時代已經一去不復返了。”
相比之下，她讚揚法國，四個月前她加入以色列議會時不得不放棄法國的公民身份。她說，法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍（Emmanuel Macron）擱置分裂問題並專注於團結的問題是正確的，正如以色列政府一開始就打算做的那樣。
莫阿蒂說，她的小組委員會將是評估外交部的安全空間。如果有批評，那將是建設性的和積極的。她說外交部正在變得更好，但仍有很長的路要走，可以通過“對話和sechel（智慧）”進行監督。
“政治家又回來了，”她說。“我是永恆國度的一顆小螺絲釘，不能掉以輕心。我們的價值觀是打開大門，而不是關閉大門。這一代人不是在仇恨中長大的，所以他們可以在視線水平上說話。我們有很多東西要學，也有很多東西要教。”
Meet the Knesset’s new foreign envoy
POLITICAL AFFAIRS: Emilie Moatti embarks on her new role focusing on foreign policy and public diplomacy.
By GIL HOFFMAN
SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 23:44
EMILIE MOATTI: We can’t be a nation that dwells alone and simultaneously a light unto the nations.
(photo credit: FLASH90)
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Before the corona era began, the Knesset played a critical role in Israel’s public diplomacy.
Its MKs frequently traveled around the world to conferences, where they represented Israel and explained its policies.
MKs from across the political spectrum used such events to build their star power as defenders of Israel, including future diplomats Tzipi Hotovely and Danny Danon, current MK Sharren Haskel, and former MK Einat Wilf.
Knesset members are no longer crisscrossing the globe while the world recovers from the pandemic, but the Knesset’s international outreach has not stopped, and Labor MK Emilie Moatti intends to lead it, in her unique way.
Moatti was formally appointed on Sunday to head the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee’s Subcommittee on Foreign Policy and Public Diplomacy. The subcommittee will deal with Israel’s foreign relations with countries, international institutions, and organizations; monitor its public diplomacy efforts; and provide parliamentary oversight for cabinet ministries that deal with such issues, most notably the Foreign Ministry.
She is also the head of the Knesset’s delegation to the European Council, and the chair of the Friendship caucuses with France and Belgium.
The oldest of six children of Tunisian descent raised in a religious home in Netanya, Moatti worked and studied in France before returning to Israel and advising politicians and parties. She served as spokeswoman for Reuven Rivlin when he was elected president, advised the Hatnua Party of Tzipi Livni, and her company worked with the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, the Geneva Initiative, the French embassy in Israel, and a controversial three months advising the Joint List and its Balad Party.
A mother of two daughters, she met her husband, veteran diplomat Daniel Shek, when he was ambassador to France. Her husband’s father, Ze’ev Shek, was one of the founders of the Foreign Ministry, served as ambassador to Rome, and was the personal secretary of Moshe Sharett, Israel’s first foreign minister.
Now it will be part of Moatti’s job to make sure the Foreign Ministry is run properly and to represent Israel herself.
In an interview with The Jerusalem Post this week, Moatti said she is excited and humbled to embark on the task. In her first trip abroad in her role, she will meet with her Italian counterpart Marta Grande, and Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo.
“It is a tremendous responsibility representing nine million people,” Moatti said. “I have known Anne Hidalgo and Marta Grande as friends, but this is my first time meeting them officially. I am not coming as Emilie but as an official representative of Israel. I can’t get angry or laugh. I know my words matter.”
Ahead of her appointment, Moatti met with Foreign Ministry Director-General Alon Ushpiz, Foreign Minister Yair Lapid’s diplomatic adviser Yair Zivan, and current and former ambassadors. She drafted a document on Israeli diplomacy for the decade ahead that deals with how to tell the story of Israel and improve the Foreign Ministry.
“Israel has no official national worldview of foreign relations,” she lamented. “But Yair Lapid decided to open a new page with the world. Instead of being adversarial, we will be increasing dialogue with the world focusing on our mutual interests.”
Even after the closure of the Strategic Affairs Ministry, Moatti said there were still too many government offices that deal with the fight against antisemitism and the BDS movement. She said all such efforts should be handled by the Foreign Ministry, with a united public diplomacy policy and archive of information ready for Israel’s spokespeople.
“It used to be that when the foreign press wanted someone to speak for Israel, there was an authorized list,” she said. “Now any donkey on Youtube speaks for the country and talks without knowledge or nuance. They need to be given knowledge by official diplomatic and security sources. There is a smart way for a country to portray itself to the world.”
From Moatti’s point of view, former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu wrongly portrayed Israel as a “nation that dwells alone” that must constantly defend itself and justify its existence.
“We can’t be a nation that dwells alone and simultaneously a light unto the nations,” she said. “We are strong, and our existence is no longer in doubt. We shouldn’t broadcast victimhood. We should go back to routine diplomacy. Not every meeting needs a big press conference afterward. This is a government of responsible adults.”
Moatti praised Lapid for presenting a plan for the economic development of the Gaza Strip in return for stopping terror. She said Israel should draft the world to implement Lapid’s plan, which she said was similar to what Likud politician Israel Katz had proposed in the past.
Despite Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s worldview being different from hers, Moatti said she had no problem speaking for him and explaining his policies around the world.
“I never thought I’d be in a coalition under Bennett or with him, but he is my prime minister,” she said. “This is a miracle government of Israel, and we have a parliamentary democracy. I am satisfied with the prime minister. Something happened to him. When right-wingers come to power, other than Netanyahu, they change for the better. They realize all of a sudden where they are, and that they can’t speak nonsense anymore. There is a price for their words.”
When Bennett walks to his seat in the Knesset plenum and passes Moatti’s front-row seat, she says “Hello Mr. Prime Minister,” respecting his role.
Moatti is convinced that after the world becomes more vaccinated, parliamentary diplomacy will come back. She is looking forward to a Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee visit to the United States next summer.
She is pleased that the current government is making an effort to restore its objectively bipartisan relationship with the US, after she said Netanyahu’s government was “extraordinarily in favor of Donald Trump,” which she said “divided us from US Jews.”
Moatti is pleased with the policies of US President Joe Biden, and disregards those on the fringes like New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and the board of Ben & Jerry’s ice cream that broke a contract with its Israeli franchisee who refused to stop selling over the pre-1967 border.
“Boycotts don’t serve anyone, and won’t impact Israeli policies to the Palestinians,” she said. “My worldview doesn’t depend on what an American legislator thinks. Those who like us like us. There is no point in wasting time on fringes who don’t like us. Those on the fringes will continue to believe what they believe. Those who are antisemitic won’t change, but there aren’t a lot of them. Most of the world is indifferent.”
Asked about Lapid’s treatment of Poland following the passage of its new Holocaust restitution law, Moatti said Israel must consider its deep commitment to the Jewish people when deciding how to implement its policies.
“National interests are not just economic ties and votes at the UN,” she said. “If they don’t understand our narrative and what we really care about, maybe they aren’t so supportive. If they were friends, we could tell them the truth. The times when we looked away and accepted antisemitic policies are gone.”
By contrast, she praised France, whose citizenship she had to relinquish when she joined the Knesset four months ago. She said French President Emmanuel Macron was right to set aside divisive issues and focus on matters that unite, just as Israel’s government set out to do at the outset.
Moatti said her subcommittee would be a safe space to evaluate the Foreign Ministry. If there will be criticism, it will be constructive and positive. She said the Foreign Ministry was changing for the better, but still had a long way to go and could be overseen with “dialogue and sechel (wisdom).”
“Statesmanship is back,” she said. “I am a small screw in an eternal nation and it cannot be taken lightly. Our values open doors, not close them. This generation was not raised on hate, so they can speak at eye level. We have a lot to learn and a lot to teach.”
巴勒斯坦人將於12月舉行市政選舉
巴勒斯坦權力機構決定自 2017 年以來首次於 12 月在西岸和加沙地帶舉行市政選舉。
作者：KHALED ABU TOAMEH
2021 年 9 月 16 日 21:38
上週，加沙的哈馬斯支持者參加了抗議巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯推遲議會選舉的決定。
（圖片來源：IBRAHEEM ABU MUSTAFA/REUTERS）
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巴勒斯坦權力機構決定於 12 月在西岸和加沙地帶舉行市政選舉，這是自 2017 年以來的首次。
巴勒斯坦權力機構政府宣布，第一階段選舉將於 12 月 11 日在西岸和哈馬斯統治的加沙地帶的 388 個市鎮和村委會舉行。選舉的第二階段將在稍後舉行。
然而，週四尚不清楚哈馬斯是否會允許在加沙地帶舉行選舉。
6 月，巴勒斯坦權力機構政府解散了任期屆滿的民選市政和村委會，並將其轉為看守委員會，接受地方政府部的監督，直至年底前舉行新的選舉。
巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯取消了原定於 5 月 22 日和 7 月 30 日舉行的巴勒斯坦權力機構議會和總統選舉。原定於 8 月下旬舉行的巴解組織立法機構巴勒斯坦全國委員會的選舉也被無限期推遲。
週三，巴勒斯坦中央選舉委員會討論了巴勒斯坦權力機構政府舉行市政選舉的決定。
美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯在拉馬拉會見巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯（圖片來源：MAJDI MOHAMMED/POOL VIA REUTERS）
該委員會的負責人漢娜·納賽爾說，他致信巴勒斯坦權力機構總理穆罕默德·施泰耶，通知他在加沙地帶舉行選舉“需要得到哈馬斯的政治批准”。
即將舉行的選舉的選民登記將在 10 月 3 日至 7 日期間進行，而候選人將能夠在 10 月 26 日至 11 月 4 日期間提交候選人資格。競選活動將於 11 月 27 日開始，持續到 12 月 9 日，也就是投票前兩天。
即將舉行的選舉將是巴勒斯坦權力機構 1994 年成立以來的第四次選舉。
2017 年，哈馬斯拒絕允許在加沙地帶舉行選舉，理由是未就舉行投票的決定徵詢其意見。哈馬斯還抗議巴勒斯坦最高法院的裁決，即哈馬斯控制的加沙地帶法院無權對選舉事項作出裁決。
據該委員會稱，上屆市政選舉的參與比例達到了 53.9%，與 2012 年選舉的 53.8% 的比例非常接近。
2012 年的選舉也是在沒有哈馬斯參與的情況下舉行的。哈馬斯一直抵制巴勒斯坦選舉，直到 2005 年其候選人取得重大成就。
Palestinians to hold municipal elections in December
The Palestinian Authority has decided to hold municipal elections in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in December for the first time since 2017.
By KHALED ABU TOAMEH
SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 21:38
HAMAS SUPPORTERS in Gaza take part in a protest against Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas’s decision to postpone parliamentary elections, last week.
(photo credit: IBRAHEEM ABU MUSTAFA/REUTERS)
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The Palestinian Authority has decided to hold municipal elections in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in December, for the first time since 2017.
The first phase of the elections will be held on December 11 for 388 municipalities and village councils in the West Bank and the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip, the PA government announced. The second phase of the elections will be held at a later date.
However, it was not clear on Thursday whether Hamas would allow the elections to take place in the Gaza Strip.
In June, the PA government dissolved the elected municipal and village councils after their term expired and turned them into caretaker committees under the supervision of the Ministry of Local Government until new elections are held before the end of the year.
Elections for the PA Parliament and presidency, which were supposed to take place on May 22 and July 30, respectively, were called off by PA President Mahmoud Abbas. Elections for the PLO’s legislative body, the Palestinian National Council, which were scheduled for late August, were also indefinitely postponed.
On Wednesday, the Palestinian Central Elections Commission discussed the PA government’s decision to hold the municipal elections.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken meets with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas in Ramallah (credit: MAJDI MOHAMMED/POOL VIA REUTERS)
The head of the commission, Hanna Nasser said that he sent a letter to PA Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh informing him that holding elections in the Gaza Strip “requires political approval” from Hamas.
Voter registration for the upcoming elections will take place between October 3 and 7, while candidates will be able to present their candidacy from October 26 to November 4. Electoral campaigning will begin on November 27 and last until December 9, two days before the vote.
The upcoming elections will be the fourth since the establishment of the PA in 1994.
In 2017, Hamas refused to allow the elections to take place in the Gaza Strip on the grounds that it had not been consulted about the decision to hold the vote. Hamas also protested a ruling by the Palestinian Supreme Court ruled that the Hamas-controlled courts in the Gaza Strip did not have jurisdiction to rule on electoral matters.
According to the commission, the percentage of participation in the last municipal elections reached 53.9%, which is very close to the percentage of the 2012 elections of 53.8%.
The 2012 elections were also held without the participation of Hamas. Hamas had boycotted Palestinian elections until 2005, when its candidates scored major achievements.
台灣長期拉比，一生充滿全球陰謀，享年103歲
出生於維也納的 Ephraim Einhorn 在一生的秘密任務和自我宣傳的幫助下發展了台北社區，在贖罪日前幾個小時去世
通過JORDYN HAIME今天，晚上 7:31
拉比 Ephraim Einhorn 與台灣猶太社區成員在 2017 年的 99 歲生日派對上。（Zoy Chang 提供）
以法蓮·艾因霍恩 (Ephraim Einhorn) 是一名拉比和商人，在其職業生涯包括為受壓迫的猶太人執行秘密任務後，他領導了台灣剛剛起步的猶太社區，現已去世。
艾因霍恩於週三早上在台北去世，就在贖罪日開始前幾個小時，他是在長期患病和數週間歇性住院之後。三天前，他已滿 103 歲。
艾因霍恩是台灣第一位常駐拉比，也是 30 年來唯一一位為目前約有 700 至 800 名猶太人的社區服務的拉比。他還是一位教師、外交官、商人、學者和父親，其個性顯得尤為突出。
“他有時對人不耐煩，可能會令人生畏。但與此同時，你會感覺到在那層下面有很多善良和同情，”台灣猶太社區團體前主席唐夏皮羅說，他在 1980 年代初第一次見到艾因霍恩。“所以他是一個非常複雜的人。我想我從來沒有遇到過像他這樣親近的人。”
艾因霍恩的一生跨越了一個世紀，為猶太人帶來了劇變和復興。
他於 1918 年出生於維也納，在移居英國之前，他曾在歐洲的幾所猶太學校就讀。（他留在奧地利的父母被納粹殺害。）根據他的複述，他不是通過常規申請獲得錄取，而是通過他成熟的知識和對他拉比父親鼓勵他的諺語的非凡回憶給拉比留下深刻印象為了紀念他年輕的時候。
在獲得拉比任命和已解散的倫敦猶太學院的哲學博士學位後，艾因霍恩開始與世界猶太人大會合作，首先是在英國，後來在美國，在那裡他同時作為拉比領導了幾個會眾1940 年代後期到 1950 年代。
北非、中東任務
他在世界猶太人大會 (WJC) 的職位包括“經常秘密訪問北非和中東國家，試圖幫助面臨迫害的猶太少數族裔社區”，美國台北美國商會表示，該公司向艾因霍恩致敬在 2016 年。
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根據 WJC 檔案，在 1951 年對伊拉克的一次訪問中，艾因霍恩假扮成一名新教部長，調查一群據稱因猶太復國主義者而遭受酷刑的伊拉克猶太人。艾因霍恩向底特律當地報紙吹噓他的使命，當時他在那裡擔任拉比，儘管他沒有被授權公開討論它。
WJC 高級官員莫里斯·珀爾茨威格 (Maurice Perlzweig) 當時表示，他“熱衷於宣傳”。在接下來的幾年裡，艾因霍恩仍然參與該組織，但佩爾茨威格寫信給其他官員說，該組織將不再支持他頻繁的國際旅行，因為“如果他被放任，有無限可能的惡作劇”。
到接下來的十年，艾因霍恩開始從事商業活動，這些活動將帶他前往遙遠的地方，否則通常很難到達。他於 1968 年創立了世界專利貿易公司，並在他有親戚的布拉格鐵幕後開設了辦事處。但根據當時猶太電訊社的一份報告，到 1973 年，他因蘇聯領導人所說的“與國家利益不相容”但沒有公開詳細說明的活動而被捷克斯洛伐克驅逐出境。
1975 年，艾因霍恩作為科威特貿易代表團的財務顧問抵達台北。已經將近 60 歲的艾因霍恩有著令人印象深刻的履歷。他會說七種語言（雖然他從未學過中文），見了人，他遞給新熟人一摞名片：海外共和黨主席、華沙世貿中心副總裁、華沙世貿中心名譽代表。波蘭商會等等。
從左到右：艾因霍恩、時任台北市長馬英九和台灣駐以色列代表楊潤東，攝於 2000 年代初期。（禮貌：以法蓮·艾因霍恩）
稱霸舞台中央
當他開始主持成人禮和節日服務時，猶太社區的一些人有理由懷疑，因為他沒有告訴人們太多關於他的過去。據當時社區成員說，有些人懷疑他是為摩薩德工作還是為中央情報局工作。
“他在過去不是很受歡迎，人們對在阿拉伯國家工作的人有點懷疑，”前長期社區成員 Fiona Chitayat 說。
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她補充說：“我只知道他在台灣有著令人難以置信的關係。”
通常，艾因霍恩利用這些關係來幫助人們。他將猶太人同胞保釋出獄，幫助他們解決簽證問題，甚至在他在台灣及境外的商業和政治冒險中遇到的聯繫人的幫助下，還幫助安排了一次特殊的醫療飛行。
“他與一些前東歐國家的關係非常密切，他親自幫助我們在那裡的外交官，”曾在台灣外交部工作的倫納德·趙(Leonard Chao)說。在 1980 年代末和 1990 年代初，Einhorn 幫助台灣與波蘭、捷克共和國和匈牙利等國家建立了早期聯繫。
艾因霍恩一向是中心舞台，他於 1979 年在總統酒店開設了自己的會眾，後來又在麗茲酒店開設了自己的會眾。在 2000 年左右與台灣猶太社區聯手後，當 Chabad Rabbi Shlomi Tabib 於 2011 年抵達並提出合作時，他選擇將他的會眾分開。
艾因霍恩帶領台灣猶太人敬拜了四十多年，即使參加禮拜的人數在 2000 年代減少到許多祈禱所需的 10 人以下，而且他的健康狀況最近開始下降。
“我是拉比、沙馬什和財務主管。我支付所有賬單，”艾因霍恩在 2007 年告訴 JTA。“總得有人來做。”
儘管他接受過東正教拉比的訓練，並在北美的東正教猶太教堂工作，但艾因霍恩維持著一個向所有人開放的會眾——包括對皈依或什至只是觀察感興趣的非猶太人。
台灣猶太社區活動吸引了來自當地社區的參與者，甚至包括今年春天的現場逾越節家宴，這是世界上唯一受制裁的公共家宴之一，因為當時台灣對 COVID-19 進行了很好的控制。艾因霍恩在場。
台灣猶太社區 2021 年普珥節派對的合影，那裡不需要戴口罩。在左前方可以看到坐在輪椅上的拉比 Ephraim Einhorn。(阿奇張)
2019年，隨著艾因霍恩獨立帶領假期和每週服務變得更加困難，社區邀請了一位之前在北京擔任宗教領袖的歌手Leon Fenster協助他並幫助領導社區。芬斯特現在將接替他。
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“我們必須非常感謝 [Einhorn] 保留了在台灣繼續存在的猶太人生活元素，”夏皮羅說。“如果沒有他在查巴德之前的存在，幾十年之後，事情就會大不相同。”
台北的'maggid'
在他去世後的幾個小時裡，社區的損失仍然新鮮，當時當地猶太人聚集在一起參加贖罪日服務，這是幾十年來第一個沒有他的高節。
“博士。在我看來，艾因霍恩是過去 50 年來讓猶太社區保持一致的一件事，隨著台灣猶太社區進入一個新時代，許多人都會錯過它，”美國商人杰弗裡施瓦茨說。自 1970 年代抵達以來一直參與社區活動，並將於今年冬天在台北開設一個新的猶太社區中心。
艾因霍恩特別喜歡學習和教導。他的大門總是向有哲學或宗教問題的人敞開，他龐大的圖書館——艾因霍恩聲稱這是亞洲最大的猶太書籍收藏——總是外借。
“有些人買衣服，有些女士買包。他買書。這是他唯一花錢買的東西，”與艾因霍恩關係密切的以色列社區成員約拉姆·阿羅尼 (Yoram Ahrony) 說。
研究員喬納森·戈德斯坦 (Jonathan Goldstein) 將艾因霍恩描述為社區講故事的人，稱他為“台北的馬吉德”。
2010 年，宗教學者 Paul Farrelly 與 Einhorn 進行的一次採訪顯示了他的開放哲學和對教學的熱情。
“每個人都有話要說，要做出貢獻。每個人都有自己的觀點，”艾因霍恩說。“知道你不知道的東西是智慧的開始……世界上最美妙的事情就是說，告訴我，我想學習。”
他將被安葬在以色列的佩塔提克瓦 (Petah Tikvah)，並由他的長期伴侶 Eugenia Chien 倖存下來；他與露絲·溫伯格 (Ruth Weinberg) 結婚後育有兩個女兒達芙娜 (Daphna) 和沙龍 (Sharone)，居住在美國；孫子和曾孫。
Taiwan’s longtime rabbi, whose life brimmed with global intrigue, dies at 103
Vienna-born Ephraim Einhorn, who developed Taipei community after a lifetime of clandestine missions and a helping of self-publicity, passes away hours before Yom Kippur
By JORDYN HAIMEToday, 7:31 pm
https://www.timesofisrael.com/taiwans-longtime-rabbi-whose-life-brimmed-with-global-intrigue-dies-at-103/
Rabbi Ephraim Einhorn with members of the Taiwan Jewish Community group at his 99th birthday party in 2017. (Courtesy of Zoy Chang)
Ephraim Einhorn, a rabbi and businessman who helmed Taiwan’s fledgling Jewish community after a career that included clandestine missions on behalf of oppressed Jews, has died.
Einhorn’s death on Wednesday morning in Taipei, just hours before the beginning of Yom Kippur, came after an extended illness and weeks of intermittent hospitalizations. He had turned 103 three days earlier.
Einhorn was Taiwan’s first resident rabbi and, for 30 years, the only one to serve the community that now includes an estimated 700 to 800 Jews. He was also a teacher, diplomat, businessman, scholar and father whose personality loomed large.
“He was sometimes impatient with people and could be intimidating. But at the same time you felt underneath that layer there was a great deal of kindness and empathy,” said Don Shapiro, a former president of the Taiwan Jewish Community group, who first met Einhorn in the early 1980s. “So he was a very complex individual. I don’t think I’ve ever met anyone else even closely like him.”
Einhorn’s life spanned a century of upheaval and renewal for the Jewish people.
Born in Vienna in 1918, he attended several yeshivas across Europe before moving to the United Kingdom. (His parents, who remained in Austria, were murdered by the Nazis.) According to his retelling, he gained admission not by applying in the regular manner, but by impressing rabbis with his mature knowledge and remarkable recall of proverbs his rabbi father encouraged him to memorize when he was young.
After earning both rabbinic ordination and a doctorate in philosophy from a London yeshiva that is now defunct, Einhorn began working with the World Jewish Congress, first in England, and later in the United States, where he simultaneously led several congregations as a rabbi in the late 1940s through the 1950s.
Missions to North Africa, Middle East
His position with the World Jewish Congress (WJC) included “often-clandestine missions to countries in North Africa and the Middle East to try to help Jewish minority communities facing persecution,” according to AmCham Taipei, an American business group in Taiwan that honored Einhorn in 2016.
one mission to Iraq in 1951, according to WJC archives, Einhorn posed as a Protestant minister to investigate a group of Iraqi Jews who had allegedly been tortured under the suspicion of being Zionists. Einhorn boasted about the mission to local papers in Detroit, where he was serving as a rabbi at the time, even though he was not authorized to discuss it publicly.
He had a “passion for publicity,” a top WJC official, Maurice Perlzweig, said at the time. Einhorn remained involved in the organization in the following years, but Perlzweig wrote to other officials that the organization would no longer support his frequent international travels, as there was “an infinite possibility of mischief if he were let loose.”
By the next decade, Einhorn began pursuing business activities that would take him to far-flung, often otherwise hard-to-access locations. He founded the World Patent Trading Corporation in 1968 and opened an office behind the Iron Curtain in Prague, where he had relatives. But by 1973, he was expelled from Czechoslovakia for activities that Soviet leaders said were “incompatible with the interests of the State” but did not detail publicly, according to a Jewish Telegraphic Agency report from the time.
In 1975, Einhorn arrived in Taipei as a financial adviser on a Kuwaiti trade delegation. Already almost 60 years old, Einhorn had an impressive resume. He spoke seven languages (though he never learned Chinese), and upon meeting people, he handed new acquaintances a stack of roughly a dozen business cards: chairman of Republicans Abroad in Taiwan, vice president of the World Trade Center Warsaw, honorary representative of the Poland Chamber of Commerce, and on and on.
From left to right: Einhorn, then-Taipei mayor Ma Ying-jeou and Taiwan’s representative to Israel R.T. Yang, in the early 2000s. (Courtesy: Ephraim Einhorn)
Claiming center stage
When he began officiating bar mitzvahs and holding holiday services, some within the Jewish community were justifiably skeptical, as he didn’t tell people much about his past. Some wondered if he was working for Mossad or the Central Intelligence Agency, according to people who were part of the community at the time.
“He wasn’t very popular in the old days and people were a bit suspect about people working with Arab countries,” said Fiona Chitayat, a former longtime community member.
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She added, “All I know is that he had unbelievable connections in Taiwan.”
Often, Einhorn used those connections to help people. He bailed fellow Jews out of jail, helped them resolve visa issues and once even helped arrange a special medical flight with the assistance of contacts he had met in his business and political ventures in Taiwan and beyond its borders.
“He was very closely related to some formerly Eastern European countries, and he personally went out of his way to help our diplomats there,” said Leonard Chao, who had previously worked for Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Einhorn helped Taiwan establish early connections with countries like Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary, among others, in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Always one to claim center stage, Einhorn opened his own congregation in 1979 at the President Hotel, and later at the Ritz Hotel. After joining forces with the Taiwan Jewish Community around 2000, he chose to keep his congregation separate when Chabad Rabbi Shlomi Tabib arrived in 2011 and offered to work together.
Einhorn led Taiwan’s Jews in worship for more than four decades, even as the number attending services waned to fewer than the 10 required for many prayers for several years in the 2000s, and even as his health began to decline more recently.
“I am the rabbi, the shamash and the treasurer. And I pay all the bills,” Einhorn told JTA in 2007. “Somebody’s got to do it.”
Though he was trained as an Orthodox rabbi and worked in Orthodox synagogues in North America, Einhorn maintained a congregation that was open to all — including non-Jews who were interested in converting or even just observing.
Taiwan Jewish Community events drew attendees from across the local community and even included an in-person Passover seder this spring, one of the only sanctioned communal seders in the world because COVID-19 was well controlled in Taiwan at the time. Einhorn was present.
A group photo at the Jewish Community of Taiwan’s 2021 Purim party, where no masks were required. Rabbi Ephraim Einhorn, in a wheelchair, can be seen at the front left. (Archi Chang)
In 2019, as leading holidays and weekly services independently became more difficult for Einhorn, the community invited a cantor, Leon Fenster, who had previously spent time as a religious leader in Beijing, to assist him and help lead the community. Fenster will now take over for him.
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“We have to be very grateful to [Einhorn] for having preserved the elements of Jewish life that have continued in Taiwan,” Shapiro said. “Without his presence here before Chabad, and over quite a few decades, things would have turned out very differently.”
The ‘maggid’ of Taipei
The community’s loss was still fresh in the hours after his death, when local Jews came together for Yom Kippur services, the first High Holiday without him in decades.
“Dr. Einhorn, in my opinion, was the one thing that gave consistency to the Jewish community over the past 50 years and will be missed by many as the Jewish Community of Taiwan moves into a new era,” said Jeffrey Schwartz, an American businessman who has been involved with the community since his arrival in the 1970s and will open a new Jewish community center in Taipei this winter.
Einhorn especially loved to learn and teach. His door was always open to people who had philosophical or religious questions, and his vast library — which Einhorn claimed was the biggest collection of Jewish books in Asia — was always on loan.
“Some people buy clothes, some ladies buy bags. He buys books. It was the only thing he spent his money on,” said Yoram Ahrony, an Israeli community member who has been close with Einhorn for almost 40 years.
Researcher Jonathan Goldstein described Einhorn as a community storyteller, calling him “the maggid of Taipei.”
An interview from 2010 that religious scholar Paul Farrelly conducted with Einhorn shows his philosophy of openness, and passion for learning by teaching.
“Everybody has something to say, to make a contribution. Everybody has a point of view,” Einhorn said. “To know what you don’t know is the beginning of wisdom… [the] most wonderful thing in the world is to say, tell me, I want to learn.”
He will be buried in Petah Tikvah, Israel, and is survived by his longtime companion Eugenia Chien; two daughters from his marriage to Ruth Weinberg, Daphna and Sharone, living in the US; grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
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2021.09.17 國際新聞導讀-以色列要減少碳排放以保護地球、中國在河南舉行巴基斯坦蒙古泰國多國軍隊演習與恐怖份子對抗、美國暫緩對埃及1.3億每援軍事援助盼埃及改善人權、巴勒斯坦12月11日將舉行市鎮選舉、廣受愛戴的台灣的猶太拉比艾恩宏103歲過世
我們的家是如何慢慢變得無法居住的
氣候事務：以色列面臨著彌補氣候變化造成的時間和資源損失的壓力。
由雷切爾·伯恩斯坦
2021 年 9 月 16 日 23:18
上個月，在瑞士英格堡阿爾卑斯度假勝地附近的鐵力士山上，毯子覆蓋了冰川的部分區域，以防止其融化。
（圖片來源：ARND WIEGMANN / REUTERS）
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隨著今年 7 月和 8 月耶路撒冷的大火肆虐，該地區的居民對這種情況非常熟悉，但這種情況卻越來越嚴重。煙霧在城市中徘徊的時間更長，烏雲籠罩著天際線，提醒人們大自然仍然勝過一切。
然而，特別是今年夏天，以色列終於抓住機會應對氣候變化，即使這意味著拯救家園的小步。
“以色列准備應對氣候變化；對此毫無疑問，”環境保護部總幹事加利特·科恩 (Galit Cohen) 在今年夏天早些時候表示。7 月 31 日，科恩對第 12 頻道新聞說：“我們必須做好準備……如果我們什麼都不做，我們就必須努力減少（溫室氣體排放），以避免出現預期的後果。”
科恩敦促政界人士在即將到來的國家預算中為氣候行動分配更多資金。今年已經有許多提議為氣候變化提供更多資金，希望新政府能夠推進預算。
政府於 7 月 25 日宣布，到 2050 年，它的溫室氣體排放量將比 2015 年的水平減少 85%，這是限制全球變暖的國際努力的一部分。
政府隨後設定了 2030 年的臨時目標，將排放量比 2015 年的水平減少 27%，這一年全球氣候協議在巴黎達成一致。與工業化前水平相比，巴黎協議旨在將全球變暖限制在 2 攝氏度以下，最好是 1.5 攝氏度。
“我們設定了重要的目標，我們按時履行了我們的國際承諾，最重要的是，我們動員了整個政府，”環境保護部長 Tamar Zandberg（Meretz Party）在公告中說。
“以色列政府在 7 月 25 日做出了決定；這是一個歷史性的決定，”Blue and White MK Alon Tal 說。“這不是對政府正在做的事情不屑一顧；達到 90.5% 的碳排放目標是史無前例的。” 然而，像其他西方世界一樣，以色列可以做得更多，實現更高的目標，塔爾說。“[美國總統喬] 拜登承諾到 2035 年實現 100% [碳排放]。以色列甚至不在同一個球場上，”他說。
聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會關於氣候變化的報告於 8 月 11 日發布，並沒有提供任何偏離地球氣候變化路徑的跡象。報告發現，陸地表面將繼續變暖，比海洋表面變暖（1.4 到 1.7 倍），北極變暖的速度將繼續超過全球地表溫度——是全球變暖速度的兩倍多。
在 IPCC 報告發布之前，氣候變化繼續主導對話。8 月 9 日，美國副總統卡馬拉·哈里斯與總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格通了電話，據報導，大部分報導的談話都集中在氣候變化上，特別是水資源短缺，以及火災的頻率和強度，例如美國西部。
隨著全球變暖的每一次增加，極端事件的變化繼續變得更大。例如，報告稱，全球變暖每增加 0.5°C，就會導致極端炎熱天氣的強度和頻率明顯增加，包括熱浪和強降水，以及農業和生態乾旱。
根據 2018 年 11 月發布的 IPCC 報告，全球變暖應限制在平均 1.5 度以內。然而，預計以色列的氣溫將高於全球平均水平。這可能會導致更極端的現象，例如夜間溫度可能比以色列白天溫度升高的速度更快，以及更頻繁、更猛烈和更持久的熱浪。
令人不安的預測
環境保護部以非常真實的數字清楚地說明了正在危及以色列的迫在眉睫的問題，以及危及到什麼。
自2000年以來，以色列的極端熱浪連續三天多高於平均氣溫至少6度。
以色列氣象局 (IMS) 還發布了一份關於極端天氣事件的報告，該報告指出全國整體變暖趨勢。該國西部地區的變暖速度特別快——沿海平原、低地和內蓋夫北部。
氣溫升高和暴雨強度增加將需要在基礎設施、地方當局的準備以及提高生態系統復原力的措施方面進行新的準備工作。由於變暖加劇，旱季可能會更長，並且可能會出現乾旱、城市熱島、乾涸的河流和火災。
短時間內的強降雨也意味著更多的土地氾濫——尤其是在城市——和土地侵蝕。城市洪水的危險性普遍較高，因為大部分土地沒有暴露在外，因此水不能滲入地下。
今年早些時候，這成為 Nahariya 的一個特別相關的問題，在暴雨之後發生了嚴重的洪水。一月份的降雨量在兩週內打破了 51 年的降雨量記錄，西部和上加利利的降雨量超過 400 毫米（15.7 英寸）。一名 38 歲的男子在 1 月的 Nahariya 洪水中喪生，此前他試圖拯救被困在翻倒的汽車中的人。
“我很高興以色列決定加入談判桌，”塔爾說。“我們正在盡最大努力，但還不夠。在某些領域，我們可以做得更多。”
在以色列可以做的一些願望清單中，Tal 表示，加入電動汽車是可以實現的一大步，除了為環境保護部提供更多人員外，立即處理 Nahariya 等地的排水問題，以及在不可避免的野火季節之前準備好更多的飛機和資源。
外交部表示，國家目標包括交通運輸碳排放量減少 96%，電力部門減少 85%，城市垃圾部門減少 92%。
至於以色列未來的預測變化，各機構已設法描繪出該地區將如何繼續面臨挑戰。
據水務局稱，到 21 世紀末，降水量有可能減少 10%。降雨分佈的變化可能導致水源補給減少，同時也將面臨鹽度增加的問題。約旦河——基尼雷特湖（加利利海）的主要水源——預計整個世紀將減少 22%。
根據國際監測系統，自 1920 年代初以來，降雨量或降雨量的季節性分佈沒有顯著變化。但2000年以來，降雨分佈發生了一些變化，表現為北方平均降雨量減少，南方平均降雨量增加，暴雨量和強度增加。
以色列的海平面也繼續上升 10 毫米。每年，預計最終會影響到該國的所有海岸線。隨著海平面繼續上升，預計水位線將下降，直至到達海岸懸崖，海岸懸崖可能會受到破壞。這將對位於海岸的所有建築物和遺產地以及需要搬遷的工廠產生影響。
由於海洋變暖對以色列海洋生態生物的潛在有害影響，平均氣溫升高和降水減少將影響作物質量和數量、牲畜功能，如牛奶產量，並導致魚類減少。
對於以色列居民來說，氣候變化也給糧食安全和弱勢群體帶來了潛在的麻煩。熱浪可能對老人、兒童和慢性病患者有害。隨著氣候壓力事件破壞糧食資源，糧食安全成為一個更加迫在眉睫的挑戰。
預計的水資源短缺也意味著我們目前的水源面臨更大的壓力。由於需要從河流和溪流中抽取更多的水，這些來源的水量將減少（預計降雨量也會減少），這將破壞與這些河流和溪流相連的生態系統。
水中鹽度的預期增加，特別是對於 Kinneret 湖，將使水更難使用。因此，各部委預計地表水將成為一種資源，以犧牲地下水為代價。
幸運的是，環境是一個共同的問題，而不是在以色列內部成為黨派的問題，塔爾說。
贊德伯格於 6 月接任環境保護部負責人，一直敦促為 2018 年啟動的氣候變化準備理事會提供更多資金。
然而，獲得足夠的資金對董事會來說是一個挑戰。它在 4 月份的一份報告中要求為短期氣候變化準備項目提供 25 億新謝克爾。塔爾說，這場危機需要更多資金用於適當的人員配備和預防措施。
“謝天謝地，氣候不是黨派問題，也不存在於政治分歧的任何一方，這意味著我們實際上可以做點什麼，”他說。
作者是內蓋夫本古里安大學沙漠研究博士。
How our home is slowly becoming uninhabitable
CLIMATE AFFAIRS: The pressure is on Israel to make up for lost time and resources in the wake of climate change.
By RACHEL BERNSTEIN
SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 23:18
BLANKETS COVER parts of the glacier to protect it against melting on Mount Titlis near the Alpine resort of Engelberg, Switzerland, last month.
(photo credit: ARND WIEGMANN / REUTERS)
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As the fires raged on in Jerusalem in July and August this year, it was an occurrence all too familiar for the region’s residents, yet one that has become increasingly exacerbated. The smell of smoke lingering for longer in the city and the dark clouds taking over the skyline served as a reminder that nature still trumps all.
This summer in particular, however, has seen Israel finally take its opportunity to grapple with climate change, even if means baby steps to save its home.
“Israel isn’t prepared to tackle climate change; there’s no question about it,” Galit Cohen, the Environmental Protection Ministry director-general, said earlier this summer. “We have to prepare… in order to avoid the hell expected for us if we do nothing, we have to work on reducing [greenhouse emissions],” Cohen told Channel 12 News on July 31.
Cohen was pressing politicians to allocate more funding for climate action in the upcoming state budget. This year has seen a number of proposals for more funding dedicated to climate change, with hopes that a new government will move forward with a budget.
The government announced on July 25 that by 2050 it would reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 85% from 2015 levels, as part of an international push to limit global warming.
The government then set an interim target of 2030 to reduce emissions by 27% from levels in 2015, the year when global climate accords were agreed in Paris. The Paris deal aims to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius, and preferably by 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared with preindustrial levels.
“We set significant goals, we met our international commitment on time and, most importantly, we mobilized the entire government,” Environmental Protection Minister Tamar Zandberg (Meretz Party) said during the announcement.
“The Israeli government made a decision on July 25; it was a historic decision,” said Blue and White MK Alon Tal. “Which is not to be dismissive of what the government is doing; to reach a goal of 90.5% in carbon emission is unprecedented.” However, Israel can do more and reach higher in its goals, like the rest of the Western world, Tal said. “[US President Joe] Biden is committed to 100% [in carbon emission] by 2035. Israel is not even in the same ballpark,” he said.
The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on climate change was released August 11, and provided no indications of straying from Earth’s climate change path. The report finds that the land surface will continue to warm more than the ocean surface (1.4 to 1.7 times more), and the Arctic will continue to warm more than global surface temperature – at more than twice the rate of global warming.
Ahead of the IPCC report’s release, climate change continued to dominate the conversation. US Vice President Kamala Harris spoke on the phone with President Isaac Herzog on August 9, with much of the reported conversation focused on climate change, according to the readout, specifically on water scarcity, and the frequency and intensity of fires, such as those in the Western US.
With every additional increment of global warming, changes in extremes continue to become larger. For example, every additional 0.5°C of global warming causes clearly discernible increases in the intensity and frequency of hot extremes, including heat waves and heavy precipitation, as well as agricultural and ecological droughts, according to the report.
According to an IPCC report published in November 2018, global warming should be limited to an average of 1.5 degrees. However, temperatures in Israel are expected to be higher than the global average. This can cause more extreme phenomena, such as nighttime temperatures that could warm at a higher rate than daytime temperatures in Israel, as well as more frequent, harsher and more prolonged heat waves.
A troubling forecast
The Environmental Protection Ministry makes loud and clear the looming issues that are endangering Israel, and what’s at stake in very real numbers.
Since 2000, extreme heat waves in Israel have been at least 6 degrees higher than the average temperature for more than three consecutive days.
The Israel Meteorological Service (IMS) has also published a report on extreme weather events that pointed to an overall warming trend all over the country. The rate of warming is particularly higher in the country’s western regions – the Coastal Plain, lowlands and the northern Negev.
An increase in the temperature and in the strength of rainstorms will require new preparations, with regard to infrastructure, the preparedness of local authorities, and measures to increase the resilience of ecosystems. As a result of increased warming, there may be longer dry seasons and there may be droughts, urban heat islands, dry rivers, and fires.
Heavy rainfall in short periods of time also mean more flooding of lands – especially in cities – and land erosion. The danger of flooding is generally higher in cities because most of the land is not exposed, thus water cannot seep into the ground.
This became a particularly relevant issue earlier this year for Nahariya, which saw heavy flooding following torrential rains. January’s rainfall broke a 51-year record of rainfall within a two-week period, with more than 400 millimeters (15.7 inches) of rain in the Western and Upper Galilee. A 38-year-old man died in the Nahariya floods in January, after he tried to save trapped people in an overturned car.
“I’m very glad that Israel has decided to come to the table,” Tal said. “We’re trying our best, but not enough. There are certain areas [in which] we can do more.”
Among the wish list of items that Israel could do to catch up, Tal said incorporating electric vehicles is a huge step that is attainable, in addition to providing more staffing to the Environmental Protection Ministry, handling the drainage issues in places such as Nahariya immediately, as well as having more planes and resources ready ahead of the inevitable wildfire season.
The Foreign Ministry said national targets include a 96% reduction in carbon emissions from transport, an 85% reduction from the electricity sector and a 92% reduction in the municipal waste sector.
As for the forecasted changes ahead of Israel, various agencies have managed to put together a picture of how the region will continue to see challenges.
According to the Water Authority, there is a likelihood of a 10% reduction in precipitation by the end of the 21st century. The change in rainfall distribution could lead to decreased replenishment of water sources, which will also face increased salinity. The flow of the Jordan River – the main water source of Lake Kinneret (the Sea of Galilee) – is expected to decrease by up to 22% throughout this century.
According to the IMS, there has been no significant change in rainfall or the seasonal distribution of rainfall since the early 1920s. However, since 2000, there has been some change in the rainfall distribution, characterized by a decrease in the average rainfall in the North and an increase in the average rainfall in the South, as well as an increase in the volume and intensity of rainstorms.
Israel’s sea level also continues to rise by 10 mm. per year, which is expected to ultimately affect all of the country’s coastline. As the sea level continues to rise, the water line is expected to recede until it reaches the coastal cliffs, and the coastal cliffs may see damage. This would then have an impact on all the buildings and heritage sites located on the coast, as well as factories, which would need to move.
The increase in average temperature and decrease in precipitation will affect crop quality and quantity, livestock functions, such as milk yields, and cause decreases in fish thanks to the sea warming’s potentially harmful effect on Israel’s marine ecological life.
For Israel’s residents, climatic changes also spell potential troubles in food security and for vulnerable populations. Heat waves can be harmful for the elderly, children and chronically ill patients. With climatic stress events damaging food resources, food security becomes a more looming challenge.
A projected water shortage also means more pressure on our current water sources. As more water will need to be pumped from rivers and streams, the less water those sources will have (also with the projected rainfall decrease), and this will damage ecosystems connected to those rivers and streams.
The expected increase of salinity in the water, particularly for Lake Kinneret, will make the water more difficult to use. The ministries therefore expect that surface water will become a resource, at the expense of groundwater.
Luckily, the environment is a shared issue and not one that’s become partisan within Israel, Tal said.
Zandberg, who took over as head of the Environmental Protection Ministry in June, has been urging for better funding for the Climate Change Preparedness Directorate, which was initiated in 2018.
However, securing enough funding has been a challenge for the directorate. It asked for NIS 2.5 billion in a report in April for short-term climate change preparedness projects. The crisis demands even more funding for proper staffing and preventative measures, Tal said.
“Thank heavens, climate is not a partisan issue and doesn’t exist on any side of the political divide, which means we can actually do something,” he said.
The writer is a PhD of Desert Studies from the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
中國通過多國維和演習炫耀國防外交
來自中國、巴基斯坦、蒙古和泰國的約1000名軍人在確山縣解放軍訓練基地參加了為期10天的演習。
通過路透
2021 年 9 月 15 日 09:14
在天津中國直升機博覽會期間，軍事人員在中國人民解放軍（PLA）空軍的軍用直升機前用他的對講機講話
（圖片來源：路透社）
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週三，中國軍隊結束了首次多國維和演習，展示了無人機和掃雷機器人的作戰能力，同時尋求展現更友好的形象。
隨著這個亞洲巨人通過每年向國防預算投入數千億美元來實現現代化和加強軍隊，它還努力向其他國家保證，其軍隊是一支向善的力量，而不是威脅。
來自中國、巴基斯坦、蒙古和泰國的約1000名士兵在河南省確山縣的中國人民解放軍訓練基地參加了為期10天的演習，但大部分士兵似乎是中國人。
中國維和軍事專家陸建新大校在基地對記者說，這次代號為“命運共同體2021”的演習凸顯了中國作為“世界和平和國際秩序堅定捍衛者”的地位。
2019 年 10 月 1 日在中國北京舉行的國慶日慶祝中華人民共和國成立 70 週年的遊行中，表演者走過天安門廣場，旁邊是展示已故中國主席毛澤東的花車（圖片來源：REUTERS/JASON LEE）
士兵們在一小群記者面前，在飽受衝突蹂躪的虛構國家 Carana 上演了恐怖分子與維和人員之間的衝突。
此次演習是基於 2016 年在馬里發生的一起事件，當時中國維和人員遭到襲擊，其中一名被殺。
部隊還根據 2016 年在南蘇丹發生的另一起事件重新演繹了一個場景，當時維和人員必須保護捲入派系之間戰鬥的平民。
在另一種情況下，無人機在戰場上嗡嗡作響以發現炸彈，發現炸彈後由機器人處理。無人機還兼作擴音器並發布多色傳單，敦促人們停止戰鬥。
這次演習也是中國軍事裝備的展示。外國軍隊使用中國武器和其他裝備進行訓練。
“外國軍隊使用中國裝備可以被吹捧為增強軍事互操作性的標誌……也是為了向外國軍隊推銷它們，”新加坡拉惹勒南國際問題學院國防研究員科林·科說.
中國一再試圖消除鄰國和更遠地區對其軍事意圖的擔憂，即使它定期在中國聲稱擁有主權的台灣和有爭議的南海附近進行演習。
中國以成為以聯合國安理會五個常任理事國為代表的大國中最大的維和部隊派遣國感到自豪。
作為第二大財政捐助國，2020年中國為聯合國維和行動提供了15%的經費。
專家盧說，自1990年以來，中國已派出5萬名士兵參與全球25個維和任務，修建或修復了17,000公里（10,600英里）的道路和300多座橋樑，清除了18,000枚地雷。
China shows off defense diplomacy with multinational peacekeeping drill
About 1,000 troops from China, Pakistan, Mongolia and Thailand participated in the 10-day exercise at a People's Liberation Army training base in Queshan county.
By REUTERS
SEPTEMBER 15, 2021 09:14
Military personnel speaks on his walkie-talkie before a military helicopter from Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force during the China Helicopter Exposition in Tianjin
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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China's armed forces concluded their first multinational peacekeeping exercise on Wednesday, showing off their combat prowess with drones and mine-clearing robots while seeking to project a more benign image.
As the Asian giant modernizes and beefs up its military by pumping hundreds of billions of dollars annually into its defense budget, it has also strived to assure other countries that its military is a force for good, not a threat.
About 1,000 troops from China, Pakistan, Mongolia and Thailand participated in the 10-day exercise at a People's Liberation Army training base in Queshan county in the central province of Henan, though most of the soldiers appeared to be Chinese.
The exercise, codenamed "Shared Destiny 2021," underscored China's position as a "staunch defender of world peace and international order," Senior Colonel Lu Jianxin, a Chinese military expert on peacekeeping, told reporters at the base.
Performers travel past Tiananmen Square next to a float showing late Chinese chairman Mao Zedong during the parade marking the 70th founding anniversary of People's Republic of China, on its National Day in Beijing, China October 1, 2019 (credit: REUTERS/JASON LEE)
The soldiers, in front of a small group of journalists, enacted clashes between terrorists and peacekeepers in the strife-torn fictitious country of Carana.
The exercise was based on a 2016 incident in Mali when Chinese peacekeepers were attacked and one of them was killed.
The troops also reenacted a scene based on another 2016 incident in South Sudan, when peacekeepers had to protect civilians caught up in fighting between factions.
In another scenario, drones buzzed the battlefield to spot bombs, which when found were disposed of by robots. Drones also doubled up as loudspeakers and released multi-colored leaflets to urge people to stop fighting.
The exercise was also a showcase for Chinese military hardware. The foreign troops trained with Chinese weapons and other equipment.
"The use of Chinese equipment by foreign troops can be touted as a sign of enhanced military interoperability … and also for the purpose of marketing them to foreign militaries," said Collin Koh, a defense research fellow with Singapore's Rajaratnam School of International Studies.
China has repeatedly sought to dispel worries in neighboring countries and further afield about its military intentions, even as it drills regularly near Chinese-claimed Taiwan and in the disputed South China Sea.
China takes prides in being the largest contributor of peacekeeping troops among major powers as represented by the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council.
As the second largest financial contributor, China footed 15% of the total expenses for U.N. peacekeeping operations in 2020.
Since 1990, it has sent 50,000 troops to participate in 25 peacekeeping missions globally, built or fixed 17,000 km (10,600 miles) of roads and more than 300 bridges, and removed 18,000 mined, said expert Lu.
美國將控制 1.3 億美元。埃及對人權的軍事援助
國務卿安東尼·布林肯的計劃打破了他的前任推翻國會對埃及軍事援助的審查的政策。
通過路透
2021 年 9 月 15 日 07:37
美國埃及抗議520
（圖片來源：美聯社）
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包括一名美國官員在內的兩名熟悉此事的消息人士稱，拜登政府將扣留對埃及的價值 1.3 億美元的軍事援助，以向這個阿拉伯盟友施壓以改善其人權記錄。
國務卿安東尼·布林肯的計劃打破了他的前任推翻國會對埃及軍事援助的審查的政策。過去，曾允許阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·塞西( Abdel Fattah al-Sisi ) 政府騰出 3 億美元的外國軍事融資作為例外，理由是這符合美國國家安全的利益。
但一位不願透露姓名的官員表示，部分資金，即 1.3 億美元，現在將因人權問題而被扣留，但如果埃及改善其記錄，將在未來財政年度提供。
消息人士稱，本週晚些時候可能會發佈公告。
國務院發言人沒有立即回應置評請求。Politico在周一晚些時候報導了這一舉動。
2021 年 7 月 28 日，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯和印度外交部長蘇布拉馬尼亞姆·賈尚卡爾在印度新德里的賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯·巴萬 (JNB) 舉行聯合新聞發布會（圖片來源：路透社）
十多個人權組織在 4 月份的一封信中告訴布林肯，如果他拒絕發放資金，“美國將發出明確的信息，表明它對支持海外人權的承諾是認真的。”
塞西於 2013 年推翻了穆斯林兄弟會，監督了近年來加強對異議人士的鎮壓。他否認埃及有政治犯，並表示穩定和安全是最重要的。
喬拜登總統已承諾將人權置於其外交政策的核心位置，權利倡導者一直在推動華盛頓對塞西採取更強硬的態度，儘管在開羅發揮調解作用以幫助結束 4 月份以色列和以色列之間的敵對行動後，與埃及的關係有所改善。哈馬斯武裝分子。
US to hold $130m. of Egypt's military aid over human rights
Secretary of State Antony Blinken's planned move is a break with his predecessors' policy of overriding a congressional check on military aid to Egypt.
By REUTERS
SEPTEMBER 15, 2021 07:37
US Egypt protests 520
(photo credit: AP)
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The Biden administration will withhold $130 million worth of military aid to Egypt in order to pressure the Arab ally to improve its human rights record, two sources familiar with the matter, including a US official, said.
Secretary of State Antony Blinken's planned move is a break with his predecessors' policy of overriding a congressional check on military aid to Egypt. In the past, an exception was granted to free up $300 million in Foreign Military Financing for Abdel Fattah al-Sisi's government on that argument that it was in the interest of US national security.
But a portion of the financing, $130 million, will now be withheld on human rights concerns but will be available in future fiscal years if Egypt improves its record, the official who spoke on condition of anonymity said.
An announcement could come later this week, sources said.
A State Department spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Politico had reported the move late on Monday.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and India's Minister of External Affairs Subrahmanyam Jaishankar hold a joint news conference at Jawaharlal Nehru Bhawan (JNB) in New Delhi, India July 28, 2021 (credit: REUTERS)
More than a dozen rights groups told Blinken in a letter in April that if he refused to release the funds "the United States will send a clear message that it is serious about its commitment to supporting human rights abroad."
Sisi, who ousted the Muslim Brotherhood in 2013, has overseen a crackdown on dissent that has tightened in recent years. He denies there are political prisoners in Egypt and says stability and security are paramount.
President Joe Biden has pledged to put human rights at the heart of his foreign policy and rights advocates have been pushing Washington to get tougher on Sisi, even though ties with Egypt had improved after Cairo's mediation role to help end the hostilities in April between Israel and Hamas militants.
會見以色列議會的新外國特使
政治事務：Emilie Moatti 開始了她的新角色，專注於外交政策和公共外交。
通過GIL HOFFMAN
2021 年 9 月 16 日 23:44
EMILIE MOATTI：我們不能成為一個單獨居住的國家，同時又是萬國之光。
（圖片來源：FLASH90）
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在新冠時代開始之前，以色列議會在以色列的公共外交中發揮了關鍵作用。
其 MKs 經常前往世界各地參加會議，代表以色列並解釋其政策。
來自各個政治領域的 MK 利用此類事件來建立他們作為以色列捍衛者的明星力量，包括未來的外交官 Tzipi Hotovely 和 Danny Danon、現任 MK Sharren Haskel 和前 MK Einat Wilf。
當世界從大流行中恢復過來時，以色列議會成員不再遍布全球，但以色列議會的國際宣傳並未停止，工黨 MK Emilie Moatti 打算以她獨特的方式領導它。
週日，莫阿蒂被正式任命為以色列議會外交和國防委員會外交政策和公共外交小組委員會的負責人。該小組委員會將處理以色列與國家、國際機構和組織的外交關係；監督其公共外交努力；並為處理此類問題的內閣部委提供議會監督，尤其是外交部。
她還是以色列議會駐歐洲理事會代表團團長，以及與法國和比利時的友誼核心小組的主席。
Moatti 是在內坦亞的一個宗教家庭長大的六個突尼斯血統孩子中的長子，在返回以色列並為政治家和政黨提供建議之前，他在法國工作和學習。當魯文·里夫林當選總統時，她擔任他的發言人，為齊皮利夫尼的哈特努亞黨提供建議，她的公司與以色列民權協會、日內瓦倡議、法國駐以色列大使館以及有爭議的三個月建議聯合名單及其巴拉德黨。
作為兩個女兒的母親，她遇到了她的丈夫，資深外交官丹尼爾·石克，當時他是駐法國大使。她丈夫的父親澤耶夫·沙克是外交部的創始人之一，曾任駐羅馬大使，是以色列第一任外交部長摩西·沙利特的私人秘書。
現在，確保外交部正常運作並代表以色列本人將成為 Moatti 工作的一部分。
在本週接受《耶路撒冷郵報》採訪時，Moatti 說她對開始這項任務感到興奮和謙卑。在她擔任職務的第一次出國旅行中，她將與意大利外長瑪爾塔·格蘭德和巴黎市長安妮·伊達爾戈會面。
“這是代表九百萬人的巨大責任，”莫阿蒂說。“我認識安妮·伊達爾戈和瑪爾塔·格蘭德是朋友，但這是我第一次正式見到他們。我不是作為 Emilie 來的，而是作為以色列的官方代表來的。我不能生氣或笑。我知道我的話很重要。”
在任命之前，莫阿蒂會見了外交部總幹事阿隆·烏什皮斯、外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德的外交顧問亞伊爾·齊萬以及現任和前任大使。她起草了一份關於未來十年以色列外交的文件，涉及如何講述以色列的故事和改善外交部。
“以色列沒有官方的國家對外關係世界觀，”她感嘆道。“但 Yair Lapid 決定向世界開啟新的一頁。我們將加強與世界的對話，而不是敵對，關注我們的共同利益。”
即使在戰略事務部關閉後，Moatti 表示仍有太多政府辦公室處理反猶太主義和 BDS 運動。她說，所有這些努力都應由外交部處理，並為以色列發言人準備統一的公共外交政策和信息檔案。
“過去，當外國媒體希望有人代表以色列發言時，會有一份授權名單，”她說。“現在，Youtube 上的任何一頭驢都在為國家說話，在毫無知識或細微差別的情況下說話。他們需要由官方外交和安全來源提供知識。一個國家有一種聰明的方式向世界展示自己。”
在莫阿蒂看來，前總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡錯誤地將以色列描繪成一個“獨居的國家”，必須不斷捍衛自己並證明其存在是正當的。
“我們不能成為一個單獨居住的國家，同時又是萬國之光，”她說。“我們強大了，我們的存在已經沒有懸念。我們不應該廣播受害者。我們應該回到日常外交。並非每次會議之後都需要召開大型新聞發布會。這是一個由負責任的成年人組成的政府。”
莫阿蒂稱讚拉皮德提出了加沙地帶經濟發展計劃，以換取制止恐怖活動。她說以色列應該起草世界來實施拉皮德的計劃，她說這與利庫德集團政治家以色列卡茨過去提出的建議相似。
儘管總理納夫塔利·貝內特的世界觀與她的不同，但莫阿蒂說她可以為他說話並解釋他在世界各地的政策。
“我從沒想過我會在 Bennett 領導下或與他結盟，但他是我的總理，”她說。“這是以色列的奇蹟政府，我們擁有議會民主制。我對首相很滿意。他發生了什麼事。當右翼上台時，除了內塔尼亞胡之外，他們會變得更好。他們突然意識到自己在哪裡，不能再胡說八道了。他們的話是有代價的。”
當貝內特走到他在議會全體會議的座位上並經過莫阿蒂的前排座位時，她說“總理先生你好”，尊重他的角色。
莫阿蒂堅信，在世界接種疫苗後，議會外交將捲土重來。她期待著明年夏天外交和國防委員會對美國的訪問。
在她說內塔尼亞胡政府“非常支持唐納德特朗普”之後，她很高興現任政府正在努力恢復其與美國客觀上的兩黨關係，她說特朗普“將我們與美國猶太人區分開來”。
Moatti 對美國總統喬·拜登的政策感到滿意，並無視紐約眾議員亞歷山大·奧卡西奧·科爾特斯等邊緣人士，以及與拒絕停止銷售的以色列特許經營商違約的 Ben & Jerry 冰淇淋董事會越過 1967 年之前的邊界。
“抵制不會為任何人服務，也不會影響以色列對巴勒斯坦人的政策，”她說。“我的世界觀並不取決於美國立法者的想法。喜歡我們的人喜歡我們。在不喜歡我們的邊緣人身上浪費時間是沒有意義的。那些處於邊緣的人將繼續相信他們所相信的。那些反猶的人不會改變，但這樣的人並不多。世界上的大多數人都無動於衷。”
當被問及在新的大屠殺歸還法通過後拉皮德對波蘭的待遇時，莫阿蒂說，以色列在決定如何實施其政策時必須考慮其對猶太人民的深刻承諾。
“國家利益不僅僅是經濟聯繫和在聯合國的選票，”她說。“如果他們不理解我們的敘述以及我們真正關心的事情，也許他們不會那麼支持。如果他們是朋友，我們可以告訴他們真相。我們移開視線並接受反猶太政策的時代已經一去不復返了。”
相比之下，她讚揚法國，四個月前她加入以色列議會時不得不放棄法國的公民身份。她說，法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍（Emmanuel Macron）擱置分裂問題並專注於團結的問題是正確的，正如以色列政府一開始就打算做的那樣。
莫阿蒂說，她的小組委員會將是評估外交部的安全空間。如果有批評，那將是建設性的和積極的。她說外交部正在變得更好，但仍有很長的路要走，可以通過“對話和sechel（智慧）”進行監督。
“政治家又回來了，”她說。“我是永恆國度的一顆小螺絲釘，不能掉以輕心。我們的價值觀是打開大門，而不是關閉大門。這一代人不是在仇恨中長大的，所以他們可以在視線水平上說話。我們有很多東西要學，也有很多東西要教。”
Meet the Knesset’s new foreign envoy
POLITICAL AFFAIRS: Emilie Moatti embarks on her new role focusing on foreign policy and public diplomacy.
By GIL HOFFMAN
SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 23:44
EMILIE MOATTI: We can’t be a nation that dwells alone and simultaneously a light unto the nations.
(photo credit: FLASH90)
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Before the corona era began, the Knesset played a critical role in Israel’s public diplomacy.
Its MKs frequently traveled around the world to conferences, where they represented Israel and explained its policies.
MKs from across the political spectrum used such events to build their star power as defenders of Israel, including future diplomats Tzipi Hotovely and Danny Danon, current MK Sharren Haskel, and former MK Einat Wilf.
Knesset members are no longer crisscrossing the globe while the world recovers from the pandemic, but the Knesset’s international outreach has not stopped, and Labor MK Emilie Moatti intends to lead it, in her unique way.
Moatti was formally appointed on Sunday to head the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee’s Subcommittee on Foreign Policy and Public Diplomacy. The subcommittee will deal with Israel’s foreign relations with countries, international institutions, and organizations; monitor its public diplomacy efforts; and provide parliamentary oversight for cabinet ministries that deal with such issues, most notably the Foreign Ministry.
She is also the head of the Knesset’s delegation to the European Council, and the chair of the Friendship caucuses with France and Belgium.
The oldest of six children of Tunisian descent raised in a religious home in Netanya, Moatti worked and studied in France before returning to Israel and advising politicians and parties. She served as spokeswoman for Reuven Rivlin when he was elected president, advised the Hatnua Party of Tzipi Livni, and her company worked with the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, the Geneva Initiative, the French embassy in Israel, and a controversial three months advising the Joint List and its Balad Party.
A mother of two daughters, she met her husband, veteran diplomat Daniel Shek, when he was ambassador to France. Her husband’s father, Ze’ev Shek, was one of the founders of the Foreign Ministry, served as ambassador to Rome, and was the personal secretary of Moshe Sharett, Israel’s first foreign minister.
Now it will be part of Moatti’s job to make sure the Foreign Ministry is run properly and to represent Israel herself.
In an interview with The Jerusalem Post this week, Moatti said she is excited and humbled to embark on the task. In her first trip abroad in her role, she will meet with her Italian counterpart Marta Grande, and Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo.
“It is a tremendous responsibility representing nine million people,” Moatti said. “I have known Anne Hidalgo and Marta Grande as friends, but this is my first time meeting them officially. I am not coming as Emilie but as an official representative of Israel. I can’t get angry or laugh. I know my words matter.”
Ahead of her appointment, Moatti met with Foreign Ministry Director-General Alon Ushpiz, Foreign Minister Yair Lapid’s diplomatic adviser Yair Zivan, and current and former ambassadors. She drafted a document on Israeli diplomacy for the decade ahead that deals with how to tell the story of Israel and improve the Foreign Ministry.
“Israel has no official national worldview of foreign relations,” she lamented. “But Yair Lapid decided to open a new page with the world. Instead of being adversarial, we will be increasing dialogue with the world focusing on our mutual interests.”
Even after the closure of the Strategic Affairs Ministry, Moatti said there were still too many government offices that deal with the fight against antisemitism and the BDS movement. She said all such efforts should be handled by the Foreign Ministry, with a united public diplomacy policy and archive of information ready for Israel’s spokespeople.
“It used to be that when the foreign press wanted someone to speak for Israel, there was an authorized list,” she said. “Now any donkey on Youtube speaks for the country and talks without knowledge or nuance. They need to be given knowledge by official diplomatic and security sources. There is a smart way for a country to portray itself to the world.”
From Moatti’s point of view, former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu wrongly portrayed Israel as a “nation that dwells alone” that must constantly defend itself and justify its existence.
“We can’t be a nation that dwells alone and simultaneously a light unto the nations,” she said. “We are strong, and our existence is no longer in doubt. We shouldn’t broadcast victimhood. We should go back to routine diplomacy. Not every meeting needs a big press conference afterward. This is a government of responsible adults.”
Moatti praised Lapid for presenting a plan for the economic development of the Gaza Strip in return for stopping terror. She said Israel should draft the world to implement Lapid’s plan, which she said was similar to what Likud politician Israel Katz had proposed in the past.
Despite Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s worldview being different from hers, Moatti said she had no problem speaking for him and explaining his policies around the world.
“I never thought I’d be in a coalition under Bennett or with him, but he is my prime minister,” she said. “This is a miracle government of Israel, and we have a parliamentary democracy. I am satisfied with the prime minister. Something happened to him. When right-wingers come to power, other than Netanyahu, they change for the better. They realize all of a sudden where they are, and that they can’t speak nonsense anymore. There is a price for their words.”
When Bennett walks to his seat in the Knesset plenum and passes Moatti’s front-row seat, she says “Hello Mr. Prime Minister,” respecting his role.
Moatti is convinced that after the world becomes more vaccinated, parliamentary diplomacy will come back. She is looking forward to a Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee visit to the United States next summer.
She is pleased that the current government is making an effort to restore its objectively bipartisan relationship with the US, after she said Netanyahu’s government was “extraordinarily in favor of Donald Trump,” which she said “divided us from US Jews.”
Moatti is pleased with the policies of US President Joe Biden, and disregards those on the fringes like New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and the board of Ben & Jerry’s ice cream that broke a contract with its Israeli franchisee who refused to stop selling over the pre-1967 border.
“Boycotts don’t serve anyone, and won’t impact Israeli policies to the Palestinians,” she said. “My worldview doesn’t depend on what an American legislator thinks. Those who like us like us. There is no point in wasting time on fringes who don’t like us. Those on the fringes will continue to believe what they believe. Those who are antisemitic won’t change, but there aren’t a lot of them. Most of the world is indifferent.”
Asked about Lapid’s treatment of Poland following the passage of its new Holocaust restitution law, Moatti said Israel must consider its deep commitment to the Jewish people when deciding how to implement its policies.
“National interests are not just economic ties and votes at the UN,” she said. “If they don’t understand our narrative and what we really care about, maybe they aren’t so supportive. If they were friends, we could tell them the truth. The times when we looked away and accepted antisemitic policies are gone.”
By contrast, she praised France, whose citizenship she had to relinquish when she joined the Knesset four months ago. She said French President Emmanuel Macron was right to set aside divisive issues and focus on matters that unite, just as Israel’s government set out to do at the outset.
Moatti said her subcommittee would be a safe space to evaluate the Foreign Ministry. If there will be criticism, it will be constructive and positive. She said the Foreign Ministry was changing for the better, but still had a long way to go and could be overseen with “dialogue and sechel (wisdom).”
“Statesmanship is back,” she said. “I am a small screw in an eternal nation and it cannot be taken lightly. Our values open doors, not close them. This generation was not raised on hate, so they can speak at eye level. We have a lot to learn and a lot to teach.”
巴勒斯坦人將於12月舉行市政選舉
巴勒斯坦權力機構決定自 2017 年以來首次於 12 月在西岸和加沙地帶舉行市政選舉。
作者：KHALED ABU TOAMEH
2021 年 9 月 16 日 21:38
上週，加沙的哈馬斯支持者參加了抗議巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯推遲議會選舉的決定。
（圖片來源：IBRAHEEM ABU MUSTAFA/REUTERS）
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巴勒斯坦權力機構決定於 12 月在西岸和加沙地帶舉行市政選舉，這是自 2017 年以來的首次。
巴勒斯坦權力機構政府宣布，第一階段選舉將於 12 月 11 日在西岸和哈馬斯統治的加沙地帶的 388 個市鎮和村委會舉行。選舉的第二階段將在稍後舉行。
然而，週四尚不清楚哈馬斯是否會允許在加沙地帶舉行選舉。
6 月，巴勒斯坦權力機構政府解散了任期屆滿的民選市政和村委會，並將其轉為看守委員會，接受地方政府部的監督，直至年底前舉行新的選舉。
巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯取消了原定於 5 月 22 日和 7 月 30 日舉行的巴勒斯坦權力機構議會和總統選舉。原定於 8 月下旬舉行的巴解組織立法機構巴勒斯坦全國委員會的選舉也被無限期推遲。
週三，巴勒斯坦中央選舉委員會討論了巴勒斯坦權力機構政府舉行市政選舉的決定。
美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯在拉馬拉會見巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯（圖片來源：MAJDI MOHAMMED/POOL VIA REUTERS）
該委員會的負責人漢娜·納賽爾說，他致信巴勒斯坦權力機構總理穆罕默德·施泰耶，通知他在加沙地帶舉行選舉“需要得到哈馬斯的政治批准”。
即將舉行的選舉的選民登記將在 10 月 3 日至 7 日期間進行，而候選人將能夠在 10 月 26 日至 11 月 4 日期間提交候選人資格。競選活動將於 11 月 27 日開始，持續到 12 月 9 日，也就是投票前兩天。
即將舉行的選舉將是巴勒斯坦權力機構 1994 年成立以來的第四次選舉。
2017 年，哈馬斯拒絕允許在加沙地帶舉行選舉，理由是未就舉行投票的決定徵詢其意見。哈馬斯還抗議巴勒斯坦最高法院的裁決，即哈馬斯控制的加沙地帶法院無權對選舉事項作出裁決。
據該委員會稱，上屆市政選舉的參與比例達到了 53.9%，與 2012 年選舉的 53.8% 的比例非常接近。
2012 年的選舉也是在沒有哈馬斯參與的情況下舉行的。哈馬斯一直抵制巴勒斯坦選舉，直到 2005 年其候選人取得重大成就。
Palestinians to hold municipal elections in December
The Palestinian Authority has decided to hold municipal elections in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in December for the first time since 2017.
By KHALED ABU TOAMEH
SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 21:38
HAMAS SUPPORTERS in Gaza take part in a protest against Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas’s decision to postpone parliamentary elections, last week.
(photo credit: IBRAHEEM ABU MUSTAFA/REUTERS)
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The Palestinian Authority has decided to hold municipal elections in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in December, for the first time since 2017.
The first phase of the elections will be held on December 11 for 388 municipalities and village councils in the West Bank and the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip, the PA government announced. The second phase of the elections will be held at a later date.
However, it was not clear on Thursday whether Hamas would allow the elections to take place in the Gaza Strip.
In June, the PA government dissolved the elected municipal and village councils after their term expired and turned them into caretaker committees under the supervision of the Ministry of Local Government until new elections are held before the end of the year.
Elections for the PA Parliament and presidency, which were supposed to take place on May 22 and July 30, respectively, were called off by PA President Mahmoud Abbas. Elections for the PLO’s legislative body, the Palestinian National Council, which were scheduled for late August, were also indefinitely postponed.
On Wednesday, the Palestinian Central Elections Commission discussed the PA government’s decision to hold the municipal elections.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken meets with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas in Ramallah (credit: MAJDI MOHAMMED/POOL VIA REUTERS)
The head of the commission, Hanna Nasser said that he sent a letter to PA Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh informing him that holding elections in the Gaza Strip “requires political approval” from Hamas.
Voter registration for the upcoming elections will take place between October 3 and 7, while candidates will be able to present their candidacy from October 26 to November 4. Electoral campaigning will begin on November 27 and last until December 9, two days before the vote.
The upcoming elections will be the fourth since the establishment of the PA in 1994.
In 2017, Hamas refused to allow the elections to take place in the Gaza Strip on the grounds that it had not been consulted about the decision to hold the vote. Hamas also protested a ruling by the Palestinian Supreme Court ruled that the Hamas-controlled courts in the Gaza Strip did not have jurisdiction to rule on electoral matters.
According to the commission, the percentage of participation in the last municipal elections reached 53.9%, which is very close to the percentage of the 2012 elections of 53.8%.
The 2012 elections were also held without the participation of Hamas. Hamas had boycotted Palestinian elections until 2005, when its candidates scored major achievements.
台灣長期拉比，一生充滿全球陰謀，享年103歲
出生於維也納的 Ephraim Einhorn 在一生的秘密任務和自我宣傳的幫助下發展了台北社區，在贖罪日前幾個小時去世
通過JORDYN HAIME今天，晚上 7:31
拉比 Ephraim Einhorn 與台灣猶太社區成員在 2017 年的 99 歲生日派對上。（Zoy Chang 提供）
以法蓮·艾因霍恩 (Ephraim Einhorn) 是一名拉比和商人，在其職業生涯包括為受壓迫的猶太人執行秘密任務後，他領導了台灣剛剛起步的猶太社區，現已去世。
艾因霍恩於週三早上在台北去世，就在贖罪日開始前幾個小時，他是在長期患病和數週間歇性住院之後。三天前，他已滿 103 歲。
艾因霍恩是台灣第一位常駐拉比，也是 30 年來唯一一位為目前約有 700 至 800 名猶太人的社區服務的拉比。他還是一位教師、外交官、商人、學者和父親，其個性顯得尤為突出。
“他有時對人不耐煩，可能會令人生畏。但與此同時，你會感覺到在那層下面有很多善良和同情，”台灣猶太社區團體前主席唐夏皮羅說，他在 1980 年代初第一次見到艾因霍恩。“所以他是一個非常複雜的人。我想我從來沒有遇到過像他這樣親近的人。”
艾因霍恩的一生跨越了一個世紀，為猶太人帶來了劇變和復興。
他於 1918 年出生於維也納，在移居英國之前，他曾在歐洲的幾所猶太學校就讀。（他留在奧地利的父母被納粹殺害。）根據他的複述，他不是通過常規申請獲得錄取，而是通過他成熟的知識和對他拉比父親鼓勵他的諺語的非凡回憶給拉比留下深刻印象為了紀念他年輕的時候。
在獲得拉比任命和已解散的倫敦猶太學院的哲學博士學位後，艾因霍恩開始與世界猶太人大會合作，首先是在英國，後來在美國，在那裡他同時作為拉比領導了幾個會眾1940 年代後期到 1950 年代。
北非、中東任務
他在世界猶太人大會 (WJC) 的職位包括“經常秘密訪問北非和中東國家，試圖幫助面臨迫害的猶太少數族裔社區”，美國台北美國商會表示，該公司向艾因霍恩致敬在 2016 年。
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根據 WJC 檔案，在 1951 年對伊拉克的一次訪問中，艾因霍恩假扮成一名新教部長，調查一群據稱因猶太復國主義者而遭受酷刑的伊拉克猶太人。艾因霍恩向底特律當地報紙吹噓他的使命，當時他在那裡擔任拉比，儘管他沒有被授權公開討論它。
WJC 高級官員莫里斯·珀爾茨威格 (Maurice Perlzweig) 當時表示，他“熱衷於宣傳”。在接下來的幾年裡，艾因霍恩仍然參與該組織，但佩爾茨威格寫信給其他官員說，該組織將不再支持他頻繁的國際旅行，因為“如果他被放任，有無限可能的惡作劇”。
到接下來的十年，艾因霍恩開始從事商業活動，這些活動將帶他前往遙遠的地方，否則通常很難到達。他於 1968 年創立了世界專利貿易公司，並在他有親戚的布拉格鐵幕後開設了辦事處。但根據當時猶太電訊社的一份報告，到 1973 年，他因蘇聯領導人所說的“與國家利益不相容”但沒有公開詳細說明的活動而被捷克斯洛伐克驅逐出境。
1975 年，艾因霍恩作為科威特貿易代表團的財務顧問抵達台北。已經將近 60 歲的艾因霍恩有著令人印象深刻的履歷。他會說七種語言（雖然他從未學過中文），見了人，他遞給新熟人一摞名片：海外共和黨主席、華沙世貿中心副總裁、華沙世貿中心名譽代表。波蘭商會等等。
從左到右：艾因霍恩、時任台北市長馬英九和台灣駐以色列代表楊潤東，攝於 2000 年代初期。（禮貌：以法蓮·艾因霍恩）
稱霸舞台中央
當他開始主持成人禮和節日服務時，猶太社區的一些人有理由懷疑，因為他沒有告訴人們太多關於他的過去。據當時社區成員說，有些人懷疑他是為摩薩德工作還是為中央情報局工作。
“他在過去不是很受歡迎，人們對在阿拉伯國家工作的人有點懷疑，”前長期社區成員 Fiona Chitayat 說。
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她補充說：“我只知道他在台灣有著令人難以置信的關係。”
通常，艾因霍恩利用這些關係來幫助人們。他將猶太人同胞保釋出獄，幫助他們解決簽證問題，甚至在他在台灣及境外的商業和政治冒險中遇到的聯繫人的幫助下，還幫助安排了一次特殊的醫療飛行。
“他與一些前東歐國家的關係非常密切，他親自幫助我們在那裡的外交官，”曾在台灣外交部工作的倫納德·趙(Leonard Chao)說。在 1980 年代末和 1990 年代初，Einhorn 幫助台灣與波蘭、捷克共和國和匈牙利等國家建立了早期聯繫。
艾因霍恩一向是中心舞台，他於 1979 年在總統酒店開設了自己的會眾，後來又在麗茲酒店開設了自己的會眾。在 2000 年左右與台灣猶太社區聯手後，當 Chabad Rabbi Shlomi Tabib 於 2011 年抵達並提出合作時，他選擇將他的會眾分開。
艾因霍恩帶領台灣猶太人敬拜了四十多年，即使參加禮拜的人數在 2000 年代減少到許多祈禱所需的 10 人以下，而且他的健康狀況最近開始下降。
“我是拉比、沙馬什和財務主管。我支付所有賬單，”艾因霍恩在 2007 年告訴 JTA。“總得有人來做。”
儘管他接受過東正教拉比的訓練，並在北美的東正教猶太教堂工作，但艾因霍恩維持著一個向所有人開放的會眾——包括對皈依或什至只是觀察感興趣的非猶太人。
台灣猶太社區活動吸引了來自當地社區的參與者，甚至包括今年春天的現場逾越節家宴，這是世界上唯一受制裁的公共家宴之一，因為當時台灣對 COVID-19 進行了很好的控制。艾因霍恩在場。
台灣猶太社區 2021 年普珥節派對的合影，那裡不需要戴口罩。在左前方可以看到坐在輪椅上的拉比 Ephraim Einhorn。(阿奇張)
2019年，隨著艾因霍恩獨立帶領假期和每週服務變得更加困難，社區邀請了一位之前在北京擔任宗教領袖的歌手Leon Fenster協助他並幫助領導社區。芬斯特現在將接替他。
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“我們必須非常感謝 [Einhorn] 保留了在台灣繼續存在的猶太人生活元素，”夏皮羅說。“如果沒有他在查巴德之前的存在，幾十年之後，事情就會大不相同。”
台北的'maggid'
在他去世後的幾個小時裡，社區的損失仍然新鮮，當時當地猶太人聚集在一起參加贖罪日服務，這是幾十年來第一個沒有他的高節。
“博士。在我看來，艾因霍恩是過去 50 年來讓猶太社區保持一致的一件事，隨著台灣猶太社區進入一個新時代，許多人都會錯過它，”美國商人杰弗裡施瓦茨說。自 1970 年代抵達以來一直參與社區活動，並將於今年冬天在台北開設一個新的猶太社區中心。
艾因霍恩特別喜歡學習和教導。他的大門總是向有哲學或宗教問題的人敞開，他龐大的圖書館——艾因霍恩聲稱這是亞洲最大的猶太書籍收藏——總是外借。
“有些人買衣服，有些女士買包。他買書。這是他唯一花錢買的東西，”與艾因霍恩關係密切的以色列社區成員約拉姆·阿羅尼 (Yoram Ahrony) 說。
研究員喬納森·戈德斯坦 (Jonathan Goldstein) 將艾因霍恩描述為社區講故事的人，稱他為“台北的馬吉德”。
2010 年，宗教學者 Paul Farrelly 與 Einhorn 進行的一次採訪顯示了他的開放哲學和對教學的熱情。
“每個人都有話要說，要做出貢獻。每個人都有自己的觀點，”艾因霍恩說。“知道你不知道的東西是智慧的開始……世界上最美妙的事情就是說，告訴我，我想學習。”
他將被安葬在以色列的佩塔提克瓦 (Petah Tikvah)，並由他的長期伴侶 Eugenia Chien 倖存下來；他與露絲·溫伯格 (Ruth Weinberg) 結婚後育有兩個女兒達芙娜 (Daphna) 和沙龍 (Sharone)，居住在美國；孫子和曾孫。
Taiwan’s longtime rabbi, whose life brimmed with global intrigue, dies at 103
Vienna-born Ephraim Einhorn, who developed Taipei community after a lifetime of clandestine missions and a helping of self-publicity, passes away hours before Yom Kippur
By JORDYN HAIMEToday, 7:31 pm
https://www.timesofisrael.com/taiwans-longtime-rabbi-whose-life-brimmed-with-global-intrigue-dies-at-103/
Rabbi Ephraim Einhorn with members of the Taiwan Jewish Community group at his 99th birthday party in 2017. (Courtesy of Zoy Chang)
Ephraim Einhorn, a rabbi and businessman who helmed Taiwan’s fledgling Jewish community after a career that included clandestine missions on behalf of oppressed Jews, has died.
Einhorn’s death on Wednesday morning in Taipei, just hours before the beginning of Yom Kippur, came after an extended illness and weeks of intermittent hospitalizations. He had turned 103 three days earlier.
Einhorn was Taiwan’s first resident rabbi and, for 30 years, the only one to serve the community that now includes an estimated 700 to 800 Jews. He was also a teacher, diplomat, businessman, scholar and father whose personality loomed large.
“He was sometimes impatient with people and could be intimidating. But at the same time you felt underneath that layer there was a great deal of kindness and empathy,” said Don Shapiro, a former president of the Taiwan Jewish Community group, who first met Einhorn in the early 1980s. “So he was a very complex individual. I don’t think I’ve ever met anyone else even closely like him.”
Einhorn’s life spanned a century of upheaval and renewal for the Jewish people.
Born in Vienna in 1918, he attended several yeshivas across Europe before moving to the United Kingdom. (His parents, who remained in Austria, were murdered by the Nazis.) According to his retelling, he gained admission not by applying in the regular manner, but by impressing rabbis with his mature knowledge and remarkable recall of proverbs his rabbi father encouraged him to memorize when he was young.
After earning both rabbinic ordination and a doctorate in philosophy from a London yeshiva that is now defunct, Einhorn began working with the World Jewish Congress, first in England, and later in the United States, where he simultaneously led several congregations as a rabbi in the late 1940s through the 1950s.
Missions to North Africa, Middle East
His position with the World Jewish Congress (WJC) included “often-clandestine missions to countries in North Africa and the Middle East to try to help Jewish minority communities facing persecution,” according to AmCham Taipei, an American business group in Taiwan that honored Einhorn in 2016.
one mission to Iraq in 1951, according to WJC archives, Einhorn posed as a Protestant minister to investigate a group of Iraqi Jews who had allegedly been tortured under the suspicion of being Zionists. Einhorn boasted about the mission to local papers in Detroit, where he was serving as a rabbi at the time, even though he was not authorized to discuss it publicly.
He had a “passion for publicity,” a top WJC official, Maurice Perlzweig, said at the time. Einhorn remained involved in the organization in the following years, but Perlzweig wrote to other officials that the organization would no longer support his frequent international travels, as there was “an infinite possibility of mischief if he were let loose.”
By the next decade, Einhorn began pursuing business activities that would take him to far-flung, often otherwise hard-to-access locations. He founded the World Patent Trading Corporation in 1968 and opened an office behind the Iron Curtain in Prague, where he had relatives. But by 1973, he was expelled from Czechoslovakia for activities that Soviet leaders said were “incompatible with the interests of the State” but did not detail publicly, according to a Jewish Telegraphic Agency report from the time.
In 1975, Einhorn arrived in Taipei as a financial adviser on a Kuwaiti trade delegation. Already almost 60 years old, Einhorn had an impressive resume. He spoke seven languages (though he never learned Chinese), and upon meeting people, he handed new acquaintances a stack of roughly a dozen business cards: chairman of Republicans Abroad in Taiwan, vice president of the World Trade Center Warsaw, honorary representative of the Poland Chamber of Commerce, and on and on.
From left to right: Einhorn, then-Taipei mayor Ma Ying-jeou and Taiwan’s representative to Israel R.T. Yang, in the early 2000s. (Courtesy: Ephraim Einhorn)
Claiming center stage
When he began officiating bar mitzvahs and holding holiday services, some within the Jewish community were justifiably skeptical, as he didn’t tell people much about his past. Some wondered if he was working for Mossad or the Central Intelligence Agency, according to people who were part of the community at the time.
“He wasn’t very popular in the old days and people were a bit suspect about people working with Arab countries,” said Fiona Chitayat, a former longtime community member.
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She added, “All I know is that he had unbelievable connections in Taiwan.”
Often, Einhorn used those connections to help people. He bailed fellow Jews out of jail, helped them resolve visa issues and once even helped arrange a special medical flight with the assistance of contacts he had met in his business and political ventures in Taiwan and beyond its borders.
“He was very closely related to some formerly Eastern European countries, and he personally went out of his way to help our diplomats there,” said Leonard Chao, who had previously worked for Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Einhorn helped Taiwan establish early connections with countries like Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary, among others, in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Always one to claim center stage, Einhorn opened his own congregation in 1979 at the President Hotel, and later at the Ritz Hotel. After joining forces with the Taiwan Jewish Community around 2000, he chose to keep his congregation separate when Chabad Rabbi Shlomi Tabib arrived in 2011 and offered to work together.
Einhorn led Taiwan’s Jews in worship for more than four decades, even as the number attending services waned to fewer than the 10 required for many prayers for several years in the 2000s, and even as his health began to decline more recently.
“I am the rabbi, the shamash and the treasurer. And I pay all the bills,” Einhorn told JTA in 2007. “Somebody’s got to do it.”
Though he was trained as an Orthodox rabbi and worked in Orthodox synagogues in North America, Einhorn maintained a congregation that was open to all — including non-Jews who were interested in converting or even just observing.
Taiwan Jewish Community events drew attendees from across the local community and even included an in-person Passover seder this spring, one of the only sanctioned communal seders in the world because COVID-19 was well controlled in Taiwan at the time. Einhorn was present.
A group photo at the Jewish Community of Taiwan’s 2021 Purim party, where no masks were required. Rabbi Ephraim Einhorn, in a wheelchair, can be seen at the front left. (Archi Chang)
In 2019, as leading holidays and weekly services independently became more difficult for Einhorn, the community invited a cantor, Leon Fenster, who had previously spent time as a religious leader in Beijing, to assist him and help lead the community. Fenster will now take over for him.
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“We have to be very grateful to [Einhorn] for having preserved the elements of Jewish life that have continued in Taiwan,” Shapiro said. “Without his presence here before Chabad, and over quite a few decades, things would have turned out very differently.”
The ‘maggid’ of Taipei
The community’s loss was still fresh in the hours after his death, when local Jews came together for Yom Kippur services, the first High Holiday without him in decades.
“Dr. Einhorn, in my opinion, was the one thing that gave consistency to the Jewish community over the past 50 years and will be missed by many as the Jewish Community of Taiwan moves into a new era,” said Jeffrey Schwartz, an American businessman who has been involved with the community since his arrival in the 1970s and will open a new Jewish community center in Taipei this winter.
Einhorn especially loved to learn and teach. His door was always open to people who had philosophical or religious questions, and his vast library — which Einhorn claimed was the biggest collection of Jewish books in Asia — was always on loan.
“Some people buy clothes, some ladies buy bags. He buys books. It was the only thing he spent his money on,” said Yoram Ahrony, an Israeli community member who has been close with Einhorn for almost 40 years.
Researcher Jonathan Goldstein described Einhorn as a community storyteller, calling him “the maggid of Taipei.”
An interview from 2010 that religious scholar Paul Farrelly conducted with Einhorn shows his philosophy of openness, and passion for learning by teaching.
“Everybody has something to say, to make a contribution. Everybody has a point of view,” Einhorn said. “To know what you don’t know is the beginning of wisdom… [the] most wonderful thing in the world is to say, tell me, I want to learn.”
He will be buried in Petah Tikvah, Israel, and is survived by his longtime companion Eugenia Chien; two daughters from his marriage to Ruth Weinberg, Daphna and Sharone, living in the US; grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
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