拜登告訴埃爾多安對 F-16 的要求必須經過美國程序

兩國領導人在兩國在國防和人權問題上的緊張局勢中會面。

通過路透

2021 年 10 月 31 日 14:01

美國總統喬拜登在紐約市第 76 屆聯合國大會上發表講話

（圖片來源：路透社/愛德華多·穆諾茲/游泳池）

美國總統喬拜登告訴土耳其總統埃爾多安，他對F-16戰鬥機的要求必須在美國經過一個程序，並表示希望有效處理兩國之間的分歧。

一位美國高級政府官員告訴記者，拜登還在羅馬舉行的G20會議期間提出了人權問題。

兩國領導人在兩國在國防和人權問題上的緊張局勢中會面。

另一位美國政府官員周六表示，拜登將警告土耳其同行，任何“倉促”行動都不利於美土關係，在埃爾多安威脅要驅逐美國駐土耳其大使和其他外國使節後，應避免危機。尋求釋放被監禁的慈善家奧斯曼卡瓦拉。

埃爾多安後來撤回了驅逐特使的威脅。

土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2020 年 8 月 7 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾聖索菲亞大清真寺參加週五祈禱後與媒體交談。（圖片來源：REUTERS/MURAD SEZER/文件照片）

白宮在會後的一份聲明中說：“拜登總統重申了我們的國防夥伴關係和土耳其作為北約盟國的重要性，但指出美國對土耳其擁有俄羅斯 S-400 導彈系統的擔憂。”

“他還強調了強大的民主制度、尊重人權和法治對和平與繁榮的重要性，”它說。

兩人討論了土耳其購買F-16戰鬥機的要求，美國議員以土耳其購買俄羅斯導彈防禦系統為由予以反對。

“總統接受了他的……希望擁有它們，但非常清楚地表明我們必須在美國經歷一個過程，並承諾繼續……通過這個過程，”高級政府官員說過。

拜登和埃爾多安在周日會談前合影留念。當被問及他是否打算給土耳其 F-16 時，拜登說他們“打算好好談談”。

Biden tells Erdogan request for F-16s must go through US process

The leaders met amid tensions between the two countries over defense and human rights issues.

By REUTERS

OCTOBER 31, 2021 14:01

US President Joe Biden addresses the 76th Session of the UN General Assembly in New York City

(photo credit: REUTERS/EDUARDO MUNOZ/POOL)

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US President Joe Biden told Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan his request for F-16 fighter jets had to go through a process in the United States and expressed a desire to handle disagreements between the two countries effectively.

Biden also raised the issue of human rights during their meeting on the sidelines of the G20 in Rome, a US senior administration official told reporters.

The leaders met amid tensions between the two countries over defense and human rights issues.

A different US administration official said on Saturday that Biden would warn his Turkish counterpart that any "precipitous" actions would not benefit US-Turkish relations and that crises should be avoided after Erdogan threatened to throw out the US ambassador to Turkey and other foreign envoys for seeking the release of jailed philanthropist Osman Kavala.

Erdogan later withdrew his threat to expel the envoys.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan talks to media after attending Friday prayers at Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey August 7, 2020. (credit: REUTERS/MURAD SEZER/FILE PHOTO)

"President Biden reaffirmed our defense partnership and Turkey's importance as a NATO Ally, but noted US concerns over Turkey’s possession of the Russian S-400 missile system," the White House said in a statement after the meeting.

"He also emphasized the importance of strong democratic institutions, respect for human rights, and the rule of law for peace and prosperity," it said.

The two men discussed Turkey's request to purchase F-16 fighter jets, which US lawmakers have opposed on the grounds that Turkey purchased Russian missile defense systems.

"The president took on board his … desire to have them but made very clear that there is a process that we have to go through in the US and committed to continuing to … work through that process," the senior administration official said.

Biden and Erdogan posed for photos before their talks on Sunday. Asked if he planned to give Turkey F-16s, Biden said they were "planning to have a good conversation."

G20 leaders have reached deal on climate language in final communique

Diplomats have been negotiating hard-to-bridge differences on how to tackle global warming and with phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies, ending coal power.

By REUTERS

OCTOBER 31, 2021 13:14

Britain's Prime Minister Boris Johnson, France's President Emmanuel Macron, Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel and U.S. President Joe Biden pose for a family photo prior to a meeting during the G20 leaders' summit in Rome, Italy October 30, 2021.

(photo credit: KIRSTY WIGGLESWORTH/REUTERS)

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The leaders of the Group of 20 major economies have reached an agreement on the wording of the final communique which will be released at the end of their two-day summit, a G20 official told Reuters on Sunday.

Further details were not immediately available.

Diplomats have been negotiating hard-to-bridge differences on how to tackle global warming, with phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies, ending coal power and a firm date for achieving net zero carbon emissions among the main sticking points, sources said earlier on Sunday.

"The fight against climate change is the defining challenge of our times," said Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi, who chairs the G20 this year, told his fellow leaders as he opened the day's discussions.

"Either we act now, face the cost of the transition and succeed in moving our economy to a more sustainable path or we delay, pay a much higher price later and risk failing."

With drafts of the communique showing scant results in terms of new commitments to curb pollution or greenhouse gases, climate scientists and activists are likely to be disappointed unless late breakthroughs are made.

The G20 bloc - which includes Brazil, China, India, Germany and the United States - accounts for an estimated 80% of the global gas emissions that scientists say must be sharply reduced to avoid climate catastrophe.

For that reason, this weekend's gathering is seen as a vital stepping stone to the UN COP26 climate summit in Glasgow. The gathering will draw almost 200 countries and most G20 leaders are flying there directly from Rome.

A person holds inflatable Earth as climate activists including Extinction Rebellion and Fridays for Future stage a protest demanding more action whilst G20 climate and environment ministers hold a meeting in Naples, Italy, July 22, 2021. (credit: GUGLIELMO MANGIAPANE / REUTERS)

"The latest reports are disappointing, with little sense of urgency in the face of an existential emergency," said Oscar Soria of the activist network Avaaz. "There is no more time for vague wish-lists, we need concrete commitments and action."

A fifth draft of the G20's final statement seen by Reuters on Saturday did not toughen the language on climate action compared with previous versions. In some key areas, such as the need to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, it softened it.

This mid-century target date is a goal that United Nations experts say is needed to cap global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius, seen as the limit to avoid dramatic climatic changes.

UN experts say even if current national plans to curb emissions are fully implemented, the world is headed for warming of 2.7C.

The United Nations says that would supercharge the destruction that climate change is already causing by intensifying storms, exposing more people to deadly heat and floods, killing coral reefs and destroying natural habitats.

The planet's largest carbon emitter, China, is aiming for net zero in 2060, while other major polluters such as India and Russia have also not committed to the mid-century deadline.

G20 energy and environment ministers who met in Naples in July failed to reach agreement on setting a date to phase out fossil fuel subsidies and end coal power, asking the leaders to find a resolution at this weekend's summit.

Based on the latest draft, they have made little progress, pledging to "do our utmost" to stop building new coal power plants before the end of the 2030s and saying they will phase out fossil fuel subsidies "over the medium term."

On the other hand, they do pledge to halt financing of overseas coal-fired power generation by the end of this year.

Some developing countries are reluctant to commit to steep emission cuts until rich nations make good on a pledge made 12 years ago to provide $100 billion per year from 2020 to help them tackle the effects of global warming.

That promise has still not been kept, contributing to the "mistrust" that UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said on Friday was blighting progress in climate negotiations.

World leaders will kick start COP26 on Monday with two days of speeches that could include some new emissions-cutting pledges, before technical negotiators lock horns over the rules of the 2015 Paris climate accord.

Any deal is likely to be struck hours or even days after the event's November 12 finish date.

聯合國駐蘇丹特使在大規模抗議後與被罷免的總理討論調解方案

珀特斯說，哈姆多克“在他的住所，他身體狀況良好，但被軟禁了。”

通過路透

2021 年 10 月 31 日 12:49

2021 年 10 月 25 日，在蘇丹喀土穆，信息部稱之為軍事政變期間，路障被點燃

（圖片來源：路透社/EL TAYEB SIDDIG）

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週日，在數十万抗議者走上街頭要求結束軍事統治的第二天，一名聯合國高級官員與被罷免的總理討論了蘇丹的調解選擇和可能的下一步行動。

自從阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布爾汗將軍周一推翻總理阿卜杜拉·哈姆多克的內閣並逮捕了主要政客以來，大量的民眾異議對他構成了最大的挑戰。週日的街道基本平靜。

“我們討論了調解方案和蘇丹的前進道路。我將繼續與其他蘇丹利益相關者一起努力，”沃爾克珀斯。聯合國蘇丹問題特別代表在推特上說。

珀特斯說，哈姆多克“在他的住所，他身體狀況良好，但被軟禁了。”

在周六的抗議活動之前，國際社會和蘇丹內部已經宣布了調解努力，但沒有結果報告。

與他關係密切的消息人士稱，哈姆多克要求釋放被拘留者並恢復政變前的權力分享安排。緊張局勢的幾個來源之一是平民在未來幾個月尚未商定的時間點推動從軍方接管過渡的領導權。

蘇丹醫生中央委員會說，週六，三名抗議者在喀土穆的孿生城市恩圖曼被安全部隊槍殺。蘇丹警方否認在示威期間向抗議者開槍，並在國家電視台上說，一名警察中槍。

週日，蘇丹首都喀土穆的生活幾乎陷入停滯。喀土穆中部的居民表示，持續的罷工和安全措施導致癱瘓。

蘇丹總理阿卜杜拉·哈姆多克於 2019 年 9 月 3 日在蘇丹喀土穆與德國外交部長海科·馬斯舉行的聯合新聞發布會上發表講話（圖片來源：REUTERS/MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH）

銀行和大多數市場都關閉了，只有少數小商店和攤位開著。

“你什麼也做不了——一切都關門了。我們需要每天工作賺錢，”市中心的一名水果和蔬菜賣家說。

人們無法從恩圖曼和首都的另一個孿生城市喀土穆北部進入喀土穆，因為安全部隊已經關閉了尼羅河大橋。

隨著周六的死亡，本周至少有 14 名抗議者在與安全部隊的衝突中喪生。

醫生、銀行家、教師和其他團體的工會自上週以來一直在罷工，並表示將繼續罷工，直到要求得到滿足，而抵抗委員會則在街區設置路障並製定抗議時間表。

要求的範圍從恢復政變前的權力分享安排到對政變領導人的刑事指控。

蘇丹律師聯盟譴責對激進分子和政治領導人的逮捕。工會“警告說，蘇丹人民正面臨一場為黑暗極權主義鋪平道路的壓迫性軍事運動。”

UN envoy to Sudan discusses mediation options with ousted PM after major protests

Perthes said Hamdok was "at his residence where he remains well but under house arrest."

By REUTERS

OCTOBER 31, 2021 12:49

A road barricade is set on fire during what the information ministry calls a military coup in Khartoum, Sudan, October 25, 2021

(photo credit: REUTERS/EL TAYEB SIDDIG)

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A senior UN official discussed mediation options and possible next steps for Sudan with its ousted prime minister on Sunday, a day after hundreds of thousands of protesters hit the streets to demand an end to military rule.

The large outpouring of popular dissent posed the biggest challenge to General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan since he toppled Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok's cabinet on Monday and arrested key politicians. The streets were largely calm on Sunday.

"We discussed options for mediation and the way forward for Sudan. I will continue these efforts with other Sudanese stakeholders," Volker Perthes. the UN Special Representative for Sudan, said in a Twitter post.

Perthes said Hamdok was "at his residence where he remains well but under house arrest."

Mediation efforts by the international community and within Sudan had been announced before Saturday's protests, with no outcome reported.

Hamdok has demanded the release of detainees and a return to the pre-coup power-sharing arrangement, sources close to him said. One of several sources of tension had been a push by civilians to take over leadership of the transition from the military at a not-yet-agreed point in the coming months.

The Central Committee of Sudanese Doctors said three protesters were shot dead by security forces in Khartoum's twin city of Omdurman on Saturday. Sudanese police denied shooting protesters during the demonstrations, saying on state TV that one policeman sustained a gunshot wound.

Life returned to a near standstill in the Sudanese capital Khartoum on Sunday. Residents of central Khartoum said continued strikes and security measures were causing paralysis.

Sudan Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok speaks during joint press conference with German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas in Khartoum, Sudan September 3, 2019 (credit: REUTERS/ MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH)

Banks and most markets were closed, with only a few small stores and stalls open.

"You can't do anything - everything is shut down. We need to work every day to make money," said a fruit and vegetable seller in the city center.

People were unable to cross into Khartoum from Omdurman and the capital's other twin city, Khartoum North, because security forces had closed the Nile river bridges.

With Saturday's deaths, at least 14 protesters have been killed in clashes with security forces this week.

Unions of doctors, bankers, teachers and other groups have been on strike since last week and have said they will continue until demands are met, while resistance committees have barricaded neighborhoods and created schedules of protests.

Demands range from a return to the pre-coup power-sharing arrangement to criminal charges against coup leaders.

The Sudanese Lawyers Union condemned the arrests of activists and political leaders. The union "warns that the Sudanese people are in front of an oppressive military movement paving the way for dark totalitarianism."

伊朗期待俄羅斯應對網絡威脅

近年來，伊朗一直將網絡空間視為威脅和機遇。它呼籲需要建立一個單一的命令來對抗網絡攻擊

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 10 月 31 日 10:43

以色列將需要“在嚴重和極端情況下使用網絡能力，對敵人的經濟基礎設施和整個社會造成系統性破壞”。

（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/耶路撒冷郵報）

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伊朗承認最近受到網絡攻擊，將責任推到美國和“猶太復國主義政權”的腳下。伊朗也可能希望俄羅斯和其他國家提高其網絡能力。Tasnim News 的一篇文章指出，伊朗認為俄羅斯是在理解“網絡主權”必要性方面採取“正確”道路的國家之一。

伊朗有興趣向莫斯科學習什麼？它認為，俄羅斯在試圖擺脫伊朗所謂的美國“網絡霸權”走向網絡獨立方面做出了正確的選擇。

它指向 2012 年 12 月在迪拜舉行的國際電信世界大會。俄羅斯當時加入了中國和印度的行列，提出“國際資源接受全球審查，美國將互聯網控制權移交給聯合國”。

伊朗讚揚俄羅斯的正確立場。

俄羅斯是對網絡主權有正確認識、對美國網絡霸權有充分危機意識的國家之一。2012年12月上旬，在迪拜舉行的國際電信聯盟會議上，俄羅斯與中國、印度等國一道，提出將國際資源置於全球監管之下，美國將互聯網控制權交給聯合國。

近年來，伊朗一直將網絡空間視為威脅和機遇。它呼籲需要建立一個單一的命令來對抗網絡攻擊。

“俄羅斯認為，信息空間正在被用來實現政治軍事目標，”塔斯尼姆說。“俄羅斯努力保護和集中控制其在線信息空間並鞏固其國家網絡主權的一個例子是俄羅斯獨立互聯網的啟動。”

伊朗表示，“該網絡允許俄羅斯在全國范圍內使用內部網和有限的區域網絡，例如大型或軍事公司使用的互聯網。”

網絡攻擊的說明性照片。（信用：維基共享資源）

俄羅斯也在聯合國推動“網絡外交”。“這種外交有兩個主要動機，第一個不直接進入網絡空間。首先，莫斯科希望俄羅斯作為網絡空間領先者的外交努力不僅在該地區而且可能在全球範圍內提高其聲望和尊重；莫斯科開展網絡外交的第二個動機是直接針對網絡空間，尋求為全球推動俄羅斯起草和批准《聯合國國際信息安全公約》的倡議創造條件。”

這很重要，因為伊朗表示俄羅斯“已宣布部署俄羅斯情報戰部隊”。伊朗還指出，俄羅斯正在威脅西方，而伊朗可能想加入這一威脅。“俄羅斯是網絡攻擊領域最危險的國家之一，多次被歐洲政府、美國和其他亞洲國家的官員指責為網絡攻擊。

西方人認為，使用非國家黑客是俄羅斯的普遍做法，這使其能夠防止官方將網絡活動歸因於黑客。由於分配是報復的條件，非國有黑客的使用使俄羅斯能夠遏制使應對襲擊變得複雜的行動的灰色空間。”

為什麼這很重要是因為伊朗媒體強調了伊朗最近遭受的襲擊。“國家內部燃料分配系統的中斷凸顯了加強被動防禦網絡攻擊和保護國家數據傳輸基礎設施的重要性。在下一次會議上，國家安全委員會將在官員在場的情況下跟進該國可能存在的缺陷、網絡保護和信息安全，”伊朗的塔斯尼姆說。伊朗政界人士現在正在質疑石油部和其他官員是否需要更好的網絡安全。

“網絡戰是網絡空間敵對行動的表現形式之一。所以今天我們看到六種類型的網絡戰，其中一種是針對基礎設施的網絡戰。Stuxnet 對伊朗核基礎設施的攻擊可能被認為是世界上針對基礎設施的首批網絡戰之一，” Fars News 報導。

Stuxnet 是 2010 年發現的一種計算機蠕蟲，被認為對伊朗的核計劃造成了嚴重破壞。

伊朗現在表示，“現實是網絡基礎設施戰爭已經在世界範圍內開始，我們必須考慮這場戰爭是真實的並適應它。” 伊朗民防組織負責人 Gholamreza Jalali 準將表示，最近的“攻擊類似於對鐵路和 Shahid Rajaei 港口的網絡攻擊，在我們看來，這次攻擊絕對是美國人和猶太復國主義者所為。”

該事件發生在 2020 年 5 月，導致港口運營暫時停止。“根據情報分析，這次襲擊是由外國和美國人以及猶太復國主義者實施的，但我們正在從技術信息方面進行調查，我們無法確定襲擊的來源。當然，部分調查已經結束，”賈利利說。

他將網絡衝突比作一項運動比賽，並表示雖然打進了一個進球，但比賽還沒有結束。

Iran looks to Russia to confront cyber threats

Iran has been looking to cyberspace as both a threat and an opportunity in recent years. It has called for the need to establish a single command to counter cyberattacks

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

OCTOBER 31, 2021 10:43

ISRAEL WILL need to use cyber capabilities ‘in severe and extreme scenarios, to inflict systemic disruption on an enemy’s economic infrastructure and society at large.’

(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)

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Iran had admitted that it has been under cyber attack recently, laying the blame at the feet of the US and the “Zionist regime.” Iran may also be looking to Russia and other countries to improve its cyber capabilities. An article at Tasnim News noted that Iran believes Russia is one of the countries that has taken the “correct” path in understanding the need for “cyber sovereignty.”

What is Iran’s interest in learning from Moscow? It believes that Russia made the right choice in trying to move to cyber independence away from what Iran calls US “cyber hegemony.”

It points to a December 2012 World Conference on International Telecommunications that took place in Dubai. Russia joined China and India at the time in proposing that “international resources be under global scrutiny and that the United States hand over Internet control to the United Nations.”

Iran praises Russia’s correct stance.

Russia is one of the countries that has a correct understanding of cyber sovereignty and a full sense of crisis against the cyber hegemony of the US. In early December 2012, at a conference of the International Telecommunication Union in Dubai, Russia joined China, India and other countries in proposing that international resources be under global scrutiny and that the US hand over Internet control to the UN.

Iran has been looking to cyberspace as both a threat and an opportunity in recent years. It has called for the need to establish a single command to counter cyberattacks.

“Russia believes that the information space is being used to achieve political-military goals,” Tasnim says. “An example of Russia's efforts to secure and centralize control of its online information space and consolidate its national cyber sovereignty is the launch of Russia's independent Internet.”

Iran says “the network allows Russia to use an intranet and a limited regional network, such as the Internet used by large or military companies, throughout the country.”

Illustrative photo of a cyberattack. (credit: Wikimedia Commons)

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Russia is also pushing “cyber diplomacy” at the UN. “This diplomacy pursues two main motives, the first of which does not go directly to cyberspace. In the first place, Moscow expects Russia's diplomatic efforts as a leading player in cyberspace to increase its prestige and respect not only in the region but also potentially globally; Moscow's second motive for pursuing cyber diplomacy has been to target cyberspace directly, seeking to create the conditions for the global promotion of Russia's initiative to draft and ratify the UN Convention on International Information Security.”

This is important because Iran says that Russia has “announced the deployment of Russian intelligence warfare forces.” Iran also notes that Russia is threatening the West and Iran might like to join this threat. “Russia is one of the most dangerous countries in the field of cyber attacks and has been repeatedly accused of cyber attacks by officials of European governments, the United States and other Asian countries.

Westerners believe that the use of non-state hackers is a common practice by Russia, which allows it to prevent the official attribution of cyber activities to hackers. Because assignment is a condition for retaliation, the use of non-state-owned hackers enables Russia to curb the gray space of operations that complicates the pursuit of a response to the attacks.”

Why this matters is because Iran’s media has highlighted the recent attack that Iran suffered. “Disruption of the country's internal fuel distribution system has highlighted the importance of strengthening passive defense against cyber attacks and protecting the country's data transmission infrastructure. At the next meeting, the National Security Commission will follow up on possible shortcomings, cyber protection and information security in the country in the presence of officials,” Iran’s Tasnim says. Iran’s politicians are now questioning the oil ministry and other officials regarding the need for better cyber security.

“Cyberwarfare is one of the manifestations of hostile actions in cyberspace. So today we see six types of cyber warfare, one of which is cyber warfare against infrastructure. Stuxnet's attack on Iran's nuclear infrastructure may be considered one of the first types of cyber warfare against infrastructure in the world,” Fars News reports.

Stuxnet was a computer worm discovered in 2010 that was thought to have wreaked havoc on Iran’s nuclear program.

Iran has now said that “the reality is that the cyberinfrastructure war has started in the world and we must consider this war real and adapt to it.” Iran’s head of Iran's Civil Defense Organization Brigadier General Gholamreza Jalali has said that the recent “attack is similar to a cyber attack on the railway and Shahid Rajaei port, and in our opinion, this attack was definitely carried out by the Americans and Zionists.”

That incident took place in May 2020 and led to a temporary halt in port operations. "According to intelligence analysis, this attack was carried out by a foreign country and the Americans and the Zionists, but we are investigating in terms of technical information and we cannot say for sure about the origin of the attack. Of course, part of the investigation has been concluded,” said Jalili.

He compared the cyber conflict to a sport’s game and said that while one goal had been scored, the game was not over.

塔利班隱居的最高領袖現身，否認他已死的傳聞

即使在塔利班 8 月接管該國之後，也沒有公開露面，被稱為忠實領袖或 Amir ul Momineen 的 Akhundzada 引發了猜測。

通過路透

2021 年 10 月 31 日 09:37

8 月 30 日，阿富汗喀布爾，一名 TALIBAN 成員站崗，阿富汗男子為一輛發射火箭的車輛拍照。

（圖片來源：STRINGER/REUTERS）

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塔利班消息人士周日表示，塔利班與世隔絕的最高領導人海巴圖拉·阿洪扎達罕見地在南部城市坎大哈公開露面，這與廣泛流傳的有關他去世的傳言不符。

即使在塔利班 8 月接管該國之後，也沒有公開露面，被稱為忠實領袖或 Amir ul Momineen 的 Akhundzada 引發了猜測。

出現在阿洪扎達身邊的一名塔利班高級領導人告訴路透社，最高領導人周六訪問了坎大哈的一所宗教學校 Jamia Darul Aloom Hakimia。

在美國領導的軍隊撤出後，伊斯蘭運動於 9 月揭開了其臨時政府的面紗，神秘的阿洪扎達保留了他自 2016 年以來一直擔任的最高領袖的角色，最高領袖是該組織政治、宗教和軍事事務的最終權威。

雖然一些官員說阿洪扎達之前曾在公開場合露面，但這是一個長期保持低調的人首次確認露面。

上週，塔利班代表抵達卡塔爾多哈會見美國和歐洲代表。（信用：路透社）

路透社能夠證實他的唯一照片是 2016 年 5 月在塔利班推特上發布的一張未註明日期的照片。

這種陰暗的存在，導致人們不斷猜測他的下落和健康狀況。

此前，塔利班多年來一直沒有證實他們的創始人和最初的最高領導人毛拉奧馬爾的死訊。

真主黨-沙特危機加深並可能影響以色列——分析

最近幾天，沙特阿拉伯和巴林驅逐了黎巴嫩的大使。真主黨可能會看到機會並可能加劇緊張局勢

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 10 月 31 日 16:51

在黎巴嫩馬爾賈永揮舞真主黨旗幟。

（照片來源：AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS）

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真主黨和沙特阿拉伯之間的危機正在加劇。

黎巴嫩議會真主黨派系領導人穆罕默德·拉德說：“我們正面臨該地區一個國家造成的危機，該危機正在對另一個阿拉伯國家發動殘酷的戰爭。”

地區緊張局勢也可能影響以色列。

最近幾天，伊朗媒體引用了拉德的話。他的評論是指沙特阿拉伯對黎巴嫩的“敵對”行動。事實上，在黎巴嫩新聞部長喬治·科爾達希（George Kordahi）似乎稱讚胡塞武裝後，利雅得回應了一名支持也門胡塞武裝的黎巴嫩官員。

這位真主黨官員說：“黎巴嫩政府的一位部長發表聲明，支持也門人民在擔任該政府部長職務之前保護自己免受入侵其國家的侵略者聯盟的權利。” 最近幾天，沙特阿拉伯和巴林驅逐了黎巴嫩的大使。黎巴嫩總統正在尋求彌合裂痕。真主黨可能會看到機會，並可能加劇緊張局勢。這位官員說，沙特阿拉伯想要損害黎巴嫩的“穩定”。事實上，黎巴嫩是不穩定和破產的。

2021 年 10 月 14 日，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯和沙特阿拉伯外交部長費薩爾·本·法爾漢·阿勒沙特在美國華盛頓國務院會晤前向記者發表講話。（圖片來源：REUTERS/JONATHAN ERNST）

真主黨聲稱擔心利雅得可能會因為即將舉行的選舉而更加關注爭議。然而，現實可能是真主黨正試圖引發爭議以獲得選票或製造危機。

拉德說：“那些給黎巴嫩製造危機的人不希望在這個國家舉行選舉，他們打算破壞這些選舉，也許他們意識到下一次選舉的結果不會是他們想要的他們成為。”

三十年前，沙特阿拉伯是結束黎巴嫩內戰的塔伊夫協議的關鍵。利雅得被視為普遍支持黎巴嫩的現狀和遜尼派政客，例如薩阿德哈里裡。真主黨在 2005 年謀殺了哈里裡的父親拉菲克。

近年來，利雅得已經厭倦了支持一個繼續被真主黨吞併的黎巴嫩。真主黨在黎巴嫩維持著一支非法的恐怖分子軍隊，發射了 15 萬枚火箭彈，破壞黎巴嫩的外交政策，執行自己的政策，擁有自己的通訊網絡，在很多方面都比國家更強大。

以色列本周正在進行全國準備演習。據報導，從周日開始，內政部司令部和國家緊急事務管理局 (RAHEL) 將舉行為期一周的演習，模擬一場大規模戰爭，在這場演習中，平民可能會從北部邊境社區撤離，以應對真主黨的火箭彈襲擊。

目前尚不清楚真主黨是否會利用這方面的地區緊張局勢。真主黨希望與也門的胡塞組織建立更密切的聯繫，伊朗正在向真主黨、哈馬斯和胡塞組織出口相同的技術，例如無人機和火箭。美國最近制裁了伊朗無人機計劃的關鍵人物。美國還對黎巴嫩商人和黎巴嫩議會議員賈米爾賽義德實施制裁。

這意味著地區緊張局勢交織併升溫。7 月，伊朗在阿曼灣使用無人機襲擊了一艘船隻。10 月下旬，一架無人機襲擊了美國在坦夫的駐軍。真主黨在聲明中越來越多地提到也門。一月份，有報導稱伊朗可能向也門派遣了無人機。它們的射程可能威脅到以色列。

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Hezbollah-Saudi crisis deepens and could impact Israel – analysis

Saudi Arabia and Bahrain have expelled Lebanon’s ambassadors in recent days. Hezbollah may see an opening and could increase tensions

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

OCTOBER 31, 2021 16:51

WAVING THE Hezbollah flag in Marjayoun, Lebanon.

(photo credit: AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)

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A crisis between Hezbollah and Saudi Arabia is growing.

“We are facing a crisis created by one of the countries in the region, which is waging a brutal war against another Arab country,” said Mohammed Raad, head of the Hezbollah faction in the Lebanese parliament.

The regional tensions could also affect Israel.

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Raad was quoted in Iranian media in recent days. His comments refer to Saudi Arabia’s “hostile” actions against Lebanon. In fact, Riyadh responded to a Lebanese official supporting the Houthi rebels in Yemen after Lebanese Information Minister George Kordahi had appeared to praise the Houthis.

The Hezbollah official said: “One of the ministers of the Lebanese government issued a statement in support of the right of the Yemeni people to protect themselves against the aggressor coalition that has invaded their country, before assuming the post of minister in this government.” Saudi Arabia and Bahrain have expelled Lebanon’s ambassadors in recent days. Lebanon’s president is seeking to heal the rift. Hezbollah may see an opening and could increase tensions. Saudi Arabia wants to harm the “stability” of Lebanon, the official said. In fact, Lebanon is unstable and bankrupt.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Saudi Arabia's Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan Al-Saud deliver remarks to reporters before meeting at the State Department in Washington, US, October 14, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/JONATHAN ERNST)

Hezbollah claims to be concerned that Riyadh might be making more light of the controversy because of upcoming elections. However, the reality may be that Hezbollah is trying to stoke a controversy to get votes or create a crisis.

Raad said: “Those who are creating a crisis for Lebanon do not want the elections to be held in this country, and they intend to disrupt these elections, and perhaps they realized that the results of the next elections will not be the way they want them to be.”

Thirty years ago, Saudi Arabia was key to the Taif Agreement that ended the Lebanese Civil War. Riyadh is seen as generally supporting the status quo and Sunni politicians in Lebanon, such as Saad Hariri. Hezbollah murdered Hariri’s father, Rafic in 2005.

In recent years, Riyadh has grown tired of backing a Lebanon that continues to be swallowed by Hezbollah. Hezbollah maintains an illegal terrorist army in Lebanon with 150,000 rockets, undermines Lebanon’s foreign policy, conducts its own policies, has its own communications network and in many ways is more powerful than the state.

Israel is conducting a national readiness drill this week. Starting Sunday, Home Front Command and the National Emergency Authority (RAHEL) are holding a weeklong drill that simulates a large-scale war in which civilians may be evacuated from northern border communities in response to rocket barrages from Hezbollah, according to reports.

It is not clear if Hezbollah will exploit regional tensions in this regard. Hezbollah wants closer ties with the Houthis in Yemen, and Iran is exporting the same technology to Hezbollah, Hamas and the Houthis, such as drones and rockets. The US recently sanctioned key figures in the drone program in Iran. The US also imposed sanctions on Lebanese businessmen and a member of Lebanon’s parliament, Jamil Sayyed.

This means regional tensions are entwined and heating up. Iran used drones to attack a ship in the Gulf of Oman in July. A drone attacked the US garrison at Tanf in late October. Hezbollah has increasingly mentioned Yemen in statements. In January, reports said Iran may have sent drones to Yemen. These had a range that could threaten Israel.

黎巴嫩的危機源於真主黨的統治——沙特部長

沙特阿拉伯和其他海灣國家在外交爭端中驅逐了黎巴嫩特使，這有可能加劇黎巴嫩的經濟危機。

通過路透

2021 年 10 月 31 日 07:34

沙特阿拉伯外交部長費薩爾·本·法爾漢·阿勒沙特於 2021 年 6 月 29 日抵達意大利馬泰拉參加 G20 外交部長和發展部長會議。

（圖片來源：路透社/YARA NARDI）

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沙特阿拉伯外交部長周六表示，與黎巴嫩的最新危機源於黎巴嫩的政治體制，這種體制加強了伊朗支持的真主黨武裝團體的主導地位，並繼續導致地方性不穩定。

沙特阿拉伯和其他海灣國家在一場外交爭端中驅逐了黎巴嫩特使，這有可能加劇黎巴嫩的經濟危機，此前黎巴嫩新聞部長喬治·科達希 (George Kordahi) 就沙特領導的對也門的軍事干預發表了批評性評論。

“我認為這個問題比目前的情況要廣泛得多，”費薩爾王子在電話採訪中告訴路透社。“我認為重要的是黎巴嫩政府或黎巴嫩建制派開闢一條前進道路，使黎巴嫩擺脫當前的政治結構，這加強了真主黨的主導地位。”

他說，這種設置“正在削弱黎巴嫩內部的國家機構，從而使黎巴嫩繼續朝著違背黎巴嫩人民利益的方向前進。”

這場爭吵引發了一些黎巴嫩政界人士要求科達希辭職的呼籲，而其他人則反對此舉，這可能會破壞整個政府。

“我們對黎巴嫩政府沒有意見。我們對它是留下還是離開沒有意見，這取決於黎巴嫩人民，”這位部長在羅馬參加 G20 峰會時說。

Kordahi 得到了真主黨的公開支持，並拒絕就這些評論道歉或辭職。

台北：美國的在線工作可能比你想像的要多由贊助商列表贊助

由於什葉派真主黨在國家事務中的強大影響力，沙特阿拉伯多年來一直迴避黎巴嫩，它指責該組織向也門和敘利亞派遣戰士。

伊朗和沙特阿拉伯是中東地區主要的什葉派和遜尼派穆斯林大國，多年來一直是競爭對手，但他們今年發起了一系列會談，希望緩和緊張局勢。

黎巴嫩真主黨的支持者在黎巴嫩貝魯特南部郊區舉行的葬禮上抬著一名在貝魯特暴力事件中喪生的人的棺材（圖片來源：MOHAMED AZAKIR/REUTERS）

“到目前為止，我們已經進行了四輪會談。會談是親切的，但仍處於探索階段。我們繼續希望他們能取得切實進展……但到目前為止，我們還沒有取得足夠的進展，令人感到樂觀， “費薩爾王子說。

當被問及是否會進行另一輪會談時，這位部長說沒有任何安排，“但我們願意繼續。”

作為緩解緊張局勢努力的一部分，德黑蘭和利雅得已就如何結束也門長達七年的衝突進行了討論，那裡已有數万人喪生，數百萬人面臨飢餓的危險。

這場戰爭還使利雅得與其傳統盟友華盛頓之間的關係變得緊張，因為美國總統喬·拜登 (Joe Biden) 已將結束戰爭作為其外交政策的首要任務。

消息人士告訴路透社，面對美國要求結束對也門港口的封鎖的巨大壓力，其胡塞的敵人稱這是停火談判的障礙，該王國正在尋求華盛頓的幫助，以加強其防禦。

“所以我不同意這種（關係緊張的）描述。我認為在也門問題上，我們與美國意見一致，我們都支持全面停火，我們都支持解決衝突的政治進程， “費薩爾王子說。

“我認為很明顯，王國致力於停火，由胡塞武裝決定是否簽署，我們不會將任何關於我們防禦能力的討論與停火聯繫起來。”

在這一天：奧斯曼帝國在第一次世界大戰的貝爾謝巴戰役中戰敗

貝爾謝巴戰役打破了中東的僵局，推動了貝爾福宣言，見證了澳大利亞軍隊發起了歷史上最後一次偉大的騎兵衝鋒。

通過AARON REICH

2021 年 10 月 31 日 08:13

“澳大利亞輕馬在貝爾謝巴的衝鋒，1917 年 10 月 31 日”，三年後由喬治·蘭伯特 (George Lambert) 繪製

（照片來源：澳大利亞戰爭紀念館 - 堪培拉）

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2021 年 10 月 31 日是貝爾謝巴戰役104 週年，這是第一次世界大戰中英國軍隊的決定性勝利，主要由澳大利亞和新西蘭軍隊組成，標誌著該國幾個世紀的奧斯曼統治結束。

這場戰鬥見證了英國軍隊對奧斯曼帝國的多次失敗，特別是災難性的加里波利戰役，在現代伊拉克的庫特戰役中慘敗，然後在加沙兩敗俱傷。

被稱為“埃及遠征軍”的指揮官阿奇博爾德·默里爵士上將被埃德蒙·艾倫比將軍取代，他接到了在聖誕節前奪回耶路撒冷的指示。

艾倫比沒有對加沙發動另一次襲擊，而是決定襲擊貝爾謝巴。

這次襲擊當然有風險。該鎮防禦工事嚴密，但防禦力不如加沙。然而，它確實位於高度設防的奧斯曼前線附近，以戰壕、堡壘和堅固的防禦工事統治著南部。

第一次世界大戰貝爾謝巴戰役 90 週年：澳大利亞輕馬衝鋒重演（來源：WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/EMAN）

貝爾謝巴本身也有自然地理，缺乏樹木和水，再加上丘陵和奧斯曼防禦工事進一步增強。

但是，儘管明顯缺水，艾倫比卻深信不疑。這是在 Aaron Aaronsohn 的幫助下完成的，Aaron Aaronsohn 是 Zichron Ya'akov 的農學家，也是間諜圈 Nili 的成員，他發現該地區隱藏著大量水。

在這張全家福照片的背面，由亞倫·亞倫森領導的猶太地下運動在確保貝爾福宣言方面發揮了重要作用。（信用：BEIT AARONSOHN ZICHRON YA'ACOV）

這對艾倫比來說至關重要，因為人、馬、駱駝和車輛都需要水才能贏得競選。

利用間諜工作，艾倫比和英國猶太復國主義情報官員理查德邁納茨哈根設法弄清楚土耳其的路線和戰略，並欺騙他們認為對加沙的另一次襲擊即將來臨。奧斯曼帝國開始在加沙附近加強防禦。

10 月 31 日凌晨 5 點 55 分，埃及遠征軍發動攻擊，對防禦工事和其他目標發動了數小時的轟炸，然後緩慢向前推進，在推進到戰壕和其他奧斯曼陣地的同時奪取了領土。然而，進展緩慢，英軍仍在考慮下午中旬之前的潛在失敗。

但這場戰鬥中最著名的部分是騎兵。

澳新軍團和澳大利亞騎兵師在戰鬥中獲得了重要的工作，例如切斷從城市到耶路撒冷和希伯倫的道路。他們還被告知要充當屏障並阻止增援，並在其他地區看到了戰鬥，例如 Tel el Saba，這是一個高度設防的防禦陣地，可以摧毀任何企圖對貝爾謝巴發起的進攻。

特別是 Tel el Saba 是一次重大的進攻行動，看到多個團衝入該地區以對抗奧斯曼帝國的重型火砲、大砲甚至飛機。但是目標被佔領了，並且在攻擊者不知道的情況下，奧斯曼軍隊實際上已經計劃撤退，因為他們無法維持貝爾謝巴。

很快，就到了對貝爾謝巴發動攻擊的時候了。澳大利亞和新西蘭騎兵不斷向城市衝鋒，很快就開始封鎖城市的出口。

澳大利亞第 4 和第 12 輕騎兵旅已接到命令對戰壕進行正面衝鋒。他們正是這樣做的，數百名持刺刀的士兵衝過數公里的空地，穿過大砲和炮火。

最終，這次沖鋒取得了成功，一些士兵下馬進入戰壕與土耳其人進行近距離戰鬥，而其他士兵則衝進貝爾謝巴並佔領了這座城市。

“這是軍事歷史上最後一次偉大的騎兵衝鋒，”作家巴里·肖在2017年《耶路撒冷郵報》的一篇專欄文章中說。“ANZAC 士兵的巨大勇氣贏得了這一天，貝爾謝巴被佔領，這場戰鬥為解放巴勒斯坦和奧斯曼帝國的滅亡開闢了道路。”

英國在這場戰鬥中的勝利產生了巨大的影響。從短期來看，這場戰鬥對整個戰役來說很重要，它擊退了土耳其人並允許埃及遠征軍前進。一周後加沙被攻占，耶路撒冷在六週後被成功佔領。

但從長遠來看，這場戰鬥還有另外兩個主要影響。

第一個是關於該地區本身的未來。幾天后，也就是 11 月 2 日，時任英國外交大臣的亞瑟·貝爾福與羅斯柴爾德男爵取得了聯繫，並發表了《貝爾福宣言》，指出英國政府“贊成在巴勒斯坦為猶太人建立民族家園”。 ”

在貝爾謝巴戰役取得勝利之後，這並非巧合，因為它有效地打破了該地區的僵局。這一宣言對推動最終建立以色列國至關重要。

第二個是關於培養澳大利亞和新西蘭人的身份。

這場戰鬥被譽為澳大利亞歷史上的一件大事，被澳大利亞歷史學家喬納森·金稱為“澳大利亞在世界舞台上的第一個重大成就”。

2017 年，這座城市在這座城市紀念了這場戰鬥，澳大利亞和新西蘭的官員都來了，並以團結儀式、軍隊紀念館落成典禮和騎兵遊行來紀念這一時刻。

據英國廣播公司當時報導，大約 100 名澳大利亞騎兵還舉行了一場著名的騎兵衝鋒的小規模重演。

2019 年，澳大利亞前總理約翰·霍華德( John Howard)向在那場戰鬥中戰鬥的士兵表示敬意。

直到今天，這場戰鬥對澳大利亞來說仍然很重要。

據英國廣播公司報導，時任澳大利亞總理馬爾科姆·特恩布爾 (Malcolm Turnbull) 在 2017 年表示：“這場戰鬥已成為我們歷史的一部分，我們心靈的一部分。” “他們刺激他們的馬穿過那場大火，那些瘋狂的澳大利亞人，穿過那場大火，奪取了貝爾謝巴鎮，取得了勝利，雖然沒有建立以色列國，但卻促成了它的建立。

他補充說：“如果澳大利亞人和新西蘭人沒有推翻奧斯曼帝國在巴勒斯坦和敘利亞的統治，《貝爾福宣言》就會是空話。” “但這是創建以色列的一步。”

On This Day: Ottomans defeated in World War I's Battle of Beersheba

The Battle of Beersheba broke the stalemate in the Middle East, helped fuel the Balfour Declaration and saw Australian troops launch one of history's last great cavalry charges.

By AARON REICH

OCTOBER 31, 2021 08:13

‘The charge of the Australian Light Horse at Beersheba, 31 October 1917,’ painted by George Lambert three years later

(photo credit: AUSTRALIAN WAR MEMORIAL - CANBERRA)

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October 31, 2021 marks 104 years since the Battle of Beersheba, a decisive victory in World War I for the British Army, consisting largely of Australian and New Zealand troops, marking an end to centuries of Ottoman rule in the country.

The battle saw the British forces coming off of multiple defeats against the Ottomans, specifically the disastrous Gallipoli campaign, a humiliating loss in the Battle of Kut in modern-day Iraq and then two losses in Gaza.

The commanding general of what had been dubbed the "Egyptian Expeditionary Force," Gen. Sir Archibald Murray, was replaced with Gen. Edmund Allenby, who had been given instructions to recapture Jerusalem by Christmas.

Rather than launch another attack against Gaza, Allenby decided to attack Beersheba.

The attack certainly had risks. The town was heavily fortified, though not as strongly defended as Gaza. It did, however, sit near the highly fortified Ottoman front line, dominating the South with trenches, redoubts and strong fortifications.

90th anniversary of the WW1 Battle of Beersheba: Re-enactment of the Australian Light horse charge (credit: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/EMAN)

Beersheba itself had natural geography on its side as well, with a harsh lack of trees and water coupled with hills and tells further enhanced by Ottoman fortifications.

But despite an apparent lack of water, Allenby was convinced otherwise. This was done with the help of Aaron Aaronsohn, an agronomist from Zichron Ya'akov and a member of the spy ring Nili, who had found out that there were large reserves of water hidden in the area.

A LARGE ROLE in securing the Balfour Declaration was played by the Jewish underground movement headed by Aaron Aaronsohn, seen at the rear of this family photograph. (credit: BEIT AARONSOHN ZICHRON YA’ACOV)

This was essential for Allenby, as water would be needed for the men, horses, camels and vehicles to win the campaign.

Using espionage work, Allenby and a British Zionist intelligence officer Richard Meinertzhagen managed to figure out Turkish lines and strategy, and duped them into thinking another attack on Gaza was imminent. The Ottomans began to shore up their defenses near Gaza.

On October 31, at 5:55 a.m., the Egyptian Expeditionary Force launched their attack, launching a bombardment on fortifications and other targets for several hours and slowly advancing forward, capturing territory as they pushed ahead into the trenches and other Ottoman positions. However, it was slow progress, and the British forces were still looking at a potential defeat by mid-afternoon.

But the most famous part of the battle is the cavalry.

The Anzac and Australian Mounted Divisions had been given important jobs for the battle, such as cutting the roads from the city towards Jerusalem and Hebron. They had also been told to act as screens and stop reinforcements and saw fighting in other areas, such as Tel el Saba, a highly fortified defensive position that would have destroyed any attempted mounted charge against Beersheba.

Tel el Saba in particular was a major offensive effort, seeing multiple regiments charging into the area against heavy Ottoman fire, artillery and even aircraft. But the objective was captured, and, unknown to the attackers, the Ottoman forces had actually planned on withdrawing as they could not maintain Beersheba.

Soon, it was time to launch an attack on Beersheba itself. Australian and New Zealand cavalry kept charging towards the city, and soon began blocking exits from the city.

The Australian 4th and 12th Light Horse Brigades had been given the order to make a frontal charge against the trenches. And they did exactly that, several hundred soldiers with bayonets charging over several kilometers of open ground, riding through artillery and gunfire.

Ultimately, this charge was successful, with some soldiers dismounting into the trenches to fight the Turks in close combat and with the others charging into Beersheba and taking the city.

"This was the last great cavalry charge in military history," said writer Barry Shaw in a 2017 op-ed in The Jerusalem Post. "The enormous courage of the ANZAC soldiers won the day, Beersheba was taken, and this battle opened the way for the liberation of Palestine and the fall of the Ottoman Empire."

The British victory in this battle had enormous ramifications. In the short run, the battle was important for the overall campaign, pushing the Turks back and allowing the Egyptian Expeditionary Force to advance. Gaza was taken a week later, and Jerusalem was successfully captured in six weeks' time.

But in the long run, the battle had two other major impacts.

The first was on the future of the region itself. Just days later, on November 2, then-British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour had reached out to Baron Rothschild and sent out the Balfour Declaration, noting that the British government viewed "with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."

It was no coincidence that this followed the victory at the Battle of Beersheba, as it had effectively broken the stalemate in the region. This declaration was pivotal in the advancement of the eventual establishment of the State of Israel.

The second was on the fostering of Australian and New Zealander identity.

The battle was heralded as a major event in Australian history and has been dubbed by Australian historian Jonathan King as "Australia's first big achievement on the world stage."

The battle was commemorated in the city in 2017, with Australian and New Zealand officials coming and marking the occasion with a solidarity ceremony, a dedication of an army memorial museum, and a cavalry parade.

Around 100 Australian horsemen also held a small-scale reenactment of the famous cavalry charge, the BBC reported at the time.

In 2019, former Australian prime minister John Howard honored soldiers who fought in that battle.

The battle remains important to Australia to this day.

"The battle has become part of our history, part of our psyche," then Australian prime minister Malcolm Turnbull said in 2017, according to the BBC. "They spurred their horses through that fire, those mad Australians, through that fire, and took the town of Beersheba, secured the victory that did not create the State of Israel but enabled its creation.

"Had the Ottoman rule in Palestine and Syria not been overthrown by the Australians and the New Zealanders, the Balfour Declaration would have been empty words," he added. "But this was a step for the creation of Israel."

伊朗指責前官員在歐洲過上美好生活

該報告發布之際，德黑蘭試圖禁止官員在完成工作後離開該國。

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 10 月 31 日 16:03

伊朗國旗飄揚在維也納聯合國辦公大樓前

（照片來源：路透社/LISI NIESNER/文件照片）

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伊朗前政府哈桑·魯哈尼（Hassan Rouhani）的一些伊朗官員以德黑蘭“空氣污染”嚴重為藉口移居歐洲。該指控可能在新政府的支持下在伊朗的 Fars News 上發表，旨在展示前任政府軟弱和資產階級的心態。

報導稱，馬哈拉特和德里揚在伊斯蘭協商會議中的代表霍賈托萊斯拉姆·阿里雷扎·薩利米曾表示，副部長級人員已經搬到維也納和日內瓦好幾個月了。

該報告發布之際，德黑蘭試圖禁止官員在完成工作後離開該國。“我們國家的問題之一是伊朗是一些官員的第二故鄉，因此在他們的計劃和行動中，他們把國家問題的所有雞蛋都放在了幾個西方國家的籃子裡。”

事實上，長期以來人們一直懷疑伊朗前外交部長賈瓦德·扎里夫（Javad Zarif）等伊朗人更喜歡住在西方，即使他是一個高喊“美國去死”的政權的成員。伊朗的噴氣式飛機精英——在國內踐踏人權，抨擊西方——在國外享受美好生活是典型的。他們中的許多人在西方大學接受教育，接受他們聲稱討厭的製度的教育，在世俗國家享受時光，而他們的政權卻忙於追捕戴頭巾不當的女性。

西方國家普遍容忍這種情況，即使英國等地的公民被綁架並關押在伊朗。雖然西方不會鎮壓，但伊朗似乎可能會自行鎮壓。文章指出：“由於這些管理不善，人們看到了嚴重的危害，必須追究這些管理不善的責任人的責任。” 它還指出通貨膨脹已經失控。當伊朗人受苦時，那些負責在國外享受時光的人有責任嗎？

2021 年 9 月 2 日在瑞士日內瓦拍攝的聯合國歐洲總部。（圖片來源：REUTERS/DENIS BALIBOUSE）

薩利米補充說：“現在，這些在前政府中擔任副部長級和重要國家組織負責人級別的人，以空氣污染為藉口，已經去了日內瓦和維也納兩三個月。 “德黑蘭並在那裡定居。國家的問題被採訪和理論化，國家解體。最近夏天，他們中的一些人以炎熱的天氣為藉口前往歐洲國家。“

伊朗政權提出了許多國家在發現其民選官員不負責任或給人民帶來負擔但自己沒有同樣負擔時提出的棘手問題。法爾斯新聞指出，“為什麼要讓這些[離開]的人如此輕易地玩弄國家利益，而他們的表現直接影響到人民的生活，他們掌握著國家的一流信息，他們的不守規矩的離開可能是危險的，所以在完成他們的職責後，應該有一個合理和具體的時間來審查績效和案件。”

伊朗可能會試圖禁止前官員在三年內離開。伊朗的強硬言論指責前官員自戀，並表示應該追究他們的責任。

一位議會主席團成員說：“有些人認為這個計劃是一種侮辱；而這種侮辱是讓人們無法再購買肉類或停止購買一些水果。”

在前任政府期間，那些從伊朗的困難中受益的人，例如扎里夫，在每次會議上都忙於嘲笑美國和以色列的推文，同時與歐洲官員一起微笑。雖然扎里夫假裝與伊斯蘭革命衛隊關係密切，但他私下里似乎對關鍵官員持批評態度。

歸根結底，可能是伊朗所謂的強硬派真正對扎里夫這樣的人負責，而西方國家則對伊朗的噴氣式飛機官員放任自流，擔心“強硬派”可能上台。

這裡還有另一個角度。伊朗現政權在重返伊朗談判方面進展緩慢。前一個似乎更喜歡與西方國家談判，同時經常誤導西方。這些前官員打著這些會談的幌子，在維也納和日內瓦等地度過了大量時間。

可能他們的真正目標只是找到一種在歐洲享受時光的方式，在不錯的餐館和酒店，甚至可能違反國內的神權執法。這可能是伊朗不急於重返談判的原因之一。部分是因為這完全是一場騙局，部分是因為新政府發現他們自己的官員不是在處理公務，而是在歐洲忙於聚會。

無論哪種方式，老官員被譴責的新熱情似乎是一種對魯哈尼和其他人進行清理的方式，指責他們在伊朗人受苦的同時受益。許多受苦的人可能知道房間裡的大像是政權本身，而不是少數在國外享受美好生活的官員。槍殺抗議者的是政權，而不是一些維也納酒店的奶酪盤。

Iran accuses former officials of living the good life in Europe

The report comes as Tehran seeks to ban officials from leaving the country after those officials complete their work.

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

OCTOBER 31, 2021 16:03

Iranian flag flies in front of the UN office building in Vienna

(photo credit: REUTERS/LISI NIESNER/FILE PHOTO)

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Some Iranian officials from the previous Iranian administration of Hassan Rouhani moved to Europe under the pretext of “air pollution” being bad in Tehran. The accusation, printed at Fars News in Iran likely with the backing of the new government, aims to showcase the feeble and bourgeois mentality of the previous administration.

The report says that Hojjatoleslam Alireza Salimi, the representative of Mahalat and Delijan in the Islamic Consultative Assembly, has said that people at the level of deputy minister had moved to Vienna and Geneva for many months.

The report comes as Tehran seeks to ban officials from leaving the country after those officials complete their work. "One of the problems of our country is that the second home of some officials in Iran, and therefore in their plans and actions, they put all the eggs of the country's problems in the basket of several Western countries."

Despite large Glasgow delegation, environment never was a big Israeli priority - comment

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Indeed, it has been long suspected that Iranians like former Iranian foreign minister Javad Zarif preferred to live in the West, even as he was a member of a regime that shouts “death to America.” It is typical of the Iranian jet-set elite – who crush human rights at home and bash the West – to enjoy the good life when abroad. Many of them were educated at Western universities, educated by the very system they claim to hate, enjoying their time in secular countries while their regime is busy chasing after women for wearing a headscarf improperly.

Western countries have generally tolerated this, even as citizens of places like the UK are kidnapped and held in Iran. While the West will not crack down, it appears Iran may be cracking down on its own. "Because of these mismanagements, the people see serious harms, and those in charge of these mismanagements must be held accountable," the article notes. It also notes that inflation is out of control. Are those responsible for enjoying time abroad while Iranians suffer?

The European headquarters of the United Nations is pictured in Geneva, Switzerland, September 2, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/DENIS BALIBOUSE)

Salimi added: "Right now, some of these people who were in charge in the previous government at the level of deputy ministers and heads of important national organizations, have gone to Geneva and Vienna for two or three months under the pretext of air pollution in Tehran and have settled there. The issues of the country are interviewed and theorized and the country is disintegrated. In recent summer, some of them were going to European countries under the pretext of hot weather.”

Iran’s regime is asking the tough questions that many countries ask when they find out their elected officials are irresponsible or place burdens on their people but don’t have the same burdens on themselves. Fars News notes “why should these people [who left] be allowed to so easily play with national interests while their performance directly affects the lives of the people and they have the first-class information of the country at their disposal and their unruly departure may be dangerous, so after completing their responsibilities, there should be a reasonable and specific time to review the performance and case.”

Iran may try to ban former officials from leaving for a period of three years. The tough talk from Iran accuses former officials of being narcissistic and says they should be held accountable.

A member of the parliament's presidium said: "Some people consider this plan an insult; While the insult is to act in such a way that people can no longer buy meat or stop buying some fruits.”

During the previous administration those who benefited from Iran’s difficulties, such as Zarif, were busy with tweets mocking the US and Israel while smiling with European officials at every meeting. While Zarif pretended to be close to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, it appears in private he was critical of key officials.

In the end, it may be Iran’s so-called hardliners who actually hold to account those like Zarif, while Western countries went easy on Iran’s jet-set officials, fearful that “hardliners” might come to power.

There is another angle here as well. Iran’s current regime has been slow to return to Iran talks. The previous one seemed to prefer talks with western countries, while often misleading the West. Those former officials spent large amounts of time in places like Vienna and Geneva under the guise of these talks.

It may be that their real goal was simply to find a way to enjoy time in Europe, at nice restaurants and hotels, and perhaps even violating the theocratic enforcements back home. That may be one reason Iran was not eager to return to the talks; partly because it was all a charade and partly because the new government has discovered that their own officials were not conducting official business, but busy partying in Europe.

Either way, the new zeal with which the old officials are being castigated looks to be a way to clean house against Rouhani and others, accusing them of benefiting while Iranians suffer. Many of those suffering likely know the elephant in the room is the regime itself, not a few officials enjoying the good life abroad. It is the regime that guns down protesters, not the cheese plate in some Vienna hotel.

謝克爾兌美元匯率為 3.16 新謝克爾達到有史以來的最高水平

“高科技行業的蓬勃發展也是以色列直接和金融投資大幅增加的原因之一。”

由ZEV 存根

2021 年 10 月 31 日 17:14

以色列新謝克爾。

（圖片來源：維基共享資源）

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謝克爾處於有史以來的最高水平，沒有放緩的跡象。

週末，以色列貨幣兌美元匯率為 3.16 新謝克爾，兌歐元匯率為 3.69 新謝克爾。僅在過去一周，它兌美元就下跌了 1.25%。

“過去一周，謝克爾兌一攬子貨幣上漲了 1.5%，自本月初以來上漲了 1.8%，”Leader Capital Markets 首席經濟學家喬納森·卡茨 (Jonathan Katz) 指出。

這一趨勢對以色列人從謝克爾轉換為外幣有利，但對以美元支付的出口商來說卻是災難性的。謝克爾兌美元匯率多年來一直在 3.60 新謝克爾附近交易，然後在去年 11 月開始迅速走強。

1 月 13 日，在以色列銀行宣布干預市場的計劃之前，謝克爾兌美元曾短暫觸及 3.13 新謝克爾。然而，這次似乎沒有預料到這樣的干預。

一名銀行員工在特拉維夫的一家銀行分行為相機清點以色列謝克爾鈔票（圖片來源：REUTERS）

Leumi Capital Markets 營銷策略部門主管 Kobby Levy 解釋說，這種增長是多年以來長期趨勢的一部分 。

“謝克爾多年來一直在走強，原因是服務業長期增長導致經常賬戶盈餘，尤其是高科技出口，這些出口近年來蓬勃發展，自新冠危機以來更是如此，”利維說。

“高科技行業的蓬勃發展也是以色列直接和金融投資大幅增加的原因之一，其中包括收購當地公司以及高科技行業的融資和首次公開募股。 ，“ 他加了。

1 月，以色列銀行干預市場，宣布將在 2021 年購買高達 300 億美元的美元，以削弱謝克爾。此後它購買的甚至更多，儘管列維表示該銀行的目標是減緩謝克爾的走強，而不是扭轉趨勢。

卡茨同意了。“以色列銀行已經發出信號，經濟活動的快速復蘇支持減少市場干預，”他說。“這是一個很少有通脹預測者考慮的通脹因素。”

對以色列將在未來幾個月內將其基準利率從歷史低點 0.1% 提高的預期正在加強債券市場，這也影響了謝克爾。

以色列銀行在耶路撒冷的總部。（信用：馬克以色列塞勒姆）

強勢謝克爾是以色列高科技產業的一個特殊痛點，該產業主要在國外銷售產品。“初創公司和大公司更多地依賴美元而不是謝克爾，”Sarona Partners 的運營經理和業務發展負責人 Eytan Pardo-Roques 說。“這些公司是以色列國最強大的經濟引擎。以色列國稅收最高的來源之一是高科技公司和初創公司，如果這些公司陷入困境，整個國家會遇到困難。”

“美元的持續貶值將損害高科技行業公司的增長率和盈利能力，因為該行業的大部分收入都基於外匯，而他們的支出以謝克爾為單位，”首席執行官 Dotan Lazar 補充道。 LSports 的聯合創始人。“短期來看，美元匯率下跌可能會減緩高技術工人工資的上漲，對增長率和公司收入造成輕微傷害。大多數公司的增長將放緩，這可能會導致一些公司為客戶提高價格或削減謝克爾費用，這將損害行業的工資和條件。”

At NIS 3.16 to the dollar, shekel reaches strongest level ever

"The flourishing of the hi-tech sector is also one of the reasons for the significant increase in direct and financial investments in Israel."

By ZEV STUB

OCTOBER 31, 2021 17:14

Israeli New Shekel.

(photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)

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The shekel is at its strongest level ever, with no sign of slowing down.

The Israeli currency traded at NIS 3.16 to the dollar over the weekend, and NIS 3.69 against the euro. It fell 1.25% against the dollar in the past week alone.

"In the past week, the shekel has strengthened by 1.5% against the basket of currencies, and by 1.8% since the beginning of the month," noted Jonathan Katz, chief economist at Leader Capital Markets.

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The trend is good for Israelis converting from shekels to foreign currencies, but disastrous for exporters who get paid in dollars. The shekel had traded around NIS 3.60 to the dollar for several years before it started strengthening rapidly last November.

The shekel briefly hit NIS 3.13 to the dollar on January 13 before the Bank of Israel announced plans to intervene in the market. However, such an intervention does not seem to be expected this time.

A bank employee counts Israeli Shekel notes for the camera at a bank branch in Tel Aviv (credit: REUTERS)

The rise is part of a long-term trend that goes back years, explained Kobby Levy, head of the marketing strategy desk at Leumi Capital Markets.

"The shekel has been strengthening for years due to a surplus in the current account that stems from long-term growth in the services sector, and especially hi-tech exports, which have flourished in recent years and more so since the corona crisis," Levy said.

"The flourishing of the hi-tech sector is also one of the reasons for the significant increase in direct and financial investments in Israel, among other things through the acquisition of local companies as well as through capital raising and IPOs of the high-tech sector," he added.

In January, the Bank of Israel intervened in the market, announcing it would buy up to $30 billion in dollars during 2021 in order to weaken the shekel. It has since bought even more than that, although Levi said the bank's goal is to slow down the strengthening of the shekel, not to reverse the trend.

Katz concurred. "The Bank of Israel has signaled that a rapid recovery in economic activity supports less market intervention," he said. "This is an inflation factor that few inflation forecasters take into account."

Expectations that Israel will raise its benchmark interest rate from the historic low 0.1% in the coming months is strengthening the bond market, which also impacts the shekel.

THE BANK of Israel headquarters in Jerusalem. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM)

The strong shekel is a particular pain point for Israel's hi-tech industry, which mainly sells products abroad. "Startups and large companies rely more on the dollar than the shekel," said Eytan Pardo- Roques, operations manager and business development head at Sarona Partners. "Those companies are the most powerful economic engine of the State of Israel. One of the highest sources of taxation in the State of Israel is from hi-tech companies and startups, and in the event that these companies get into difficulties, the entire country will get into difficulties."

"The continued decline in the dollar will hurt the growth rate and profitability of companies in the hi-tech industry, because most of the income in the industry is based on foreign exchange and their expenses are in shekels," added Dotan Lazar, CEO and co-founder of LSports. "In the short term, the fall in the dollar exchange rate could slow down the rise in the wages of hi-tech workers and slightly hurt the growth rate and companies' revenues. Growth in most companies will slow down, which may cause some companies to raise prices for customers or make cuts in shekel expenses, which would hurt wages and conditions in the industry."

以色列推進1,303個西岸巴勒斯坦人房屋的計劃

建造新巴勒斯坦房屋的計劃是貝內特總理政府向巴勒斯坦人做出的一系列姿態的一部分。

作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫

2021 年 10 月 31 日 21:58

用無人機拍攝的照片顯示了 2021 年 6 月 17 日以色列佔領的約旦河西岸伯利恆附近 Dheisheh 難民營的巴勒斯坦房屋和建築物。照片拍攝於 2021 年 6 月 17 日。

（照片來源：路透社/YOSRI ALJAMAL）

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民政局定於週一上午在西岸 C 區推進 1,303 座巴勒斯坦人房屋的計劃，但只有 170 座可能獲得批准。

這是自納夫塔利·貝內特總理 5 月上任以來巴勒斯坦住房項目的首次進展，也是其政府向巴勒斯坦人做出的一系列姿態的一部分。但在預計數量中，傑寧附近的 Khirbet Abdallah Younas 僅有 170 套住宅，即 13%，預計將獲得最終批准。

其他要推進的計劃包括伯利恆地區 Al-Ma'assara 村的 270 套房屋、圖爾卡姆地區 Almasqufa 的 233 套房屋和南希伯倫山的 Dkeika 的 200 套房屋。

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此外，該委員會將討論傑寧地區在 Abba a-Sharqiya 建造 160 所房屋和在 Bir al-basha 建造 270 所房屋的計劃。

C 區巴勒斯坦建築的推進與上週舉行的高級委員會會議有關，以推進3,130 座定居者住房的計劃。其中近 60% 獲得批准。另外，建設和住房部公佈了對猶太和撒瑪利亞 1,355 所猶太房屋的招標。

Efrat 的建築工地。已批准用於 C 區猶太區的所有項目都位於已計劃用於擴展現有社區的土地上。（來源：GERSHON ELINSON/FLASH90）

理事會對巴勒斯坦建築的推進，僅反映了所需住房建設的一小部分。

右翼政治家和二傳手領導人反對在以色列軍事和文職統治下的 C 區推進巴勒斯坦人的家園。他們認為，C 區應該是主權以色列的一部分，該地區的巴勒斯坦人住房有助於確保該領土成為未來巴勒斯坦國的一部分。

國際社會認為，在 C 區建造定居點會阻止其納入未來巴勒斯坦國的邊界，因此譴責以色列的定居點計劃。

週五，歐盟發言人彼得·斯塔諾表示，“根據國際法，定居點是非法的，是實現兩國解決方案和雙方公正、持久和全面和平的主要障礙。

“歐盟一直明確表示，它強烈反對擴大定居點，不會承認對 1967 年前邊界的任何改變，包括與耶路撒冷有關的改變，除非雙方同意。

“我們再次呼籲以色列政府扭轉這些與緩解緊張局勢和確保平靜、停止建造定居點的努力完全不一致的步驟，並專注於促進雙方之間有意義的重新接觸，促進建立信任措施和改善普通民眾的生活條件，這是迫切需要的，”斯塔諾說。

另外，12個歐洲國家週四發表了反對建立定居點的聲明，英國和俄羅斯也是如此。美國也反對以色列推進定居者建設，上周高級規劃委員會會議之前，國務卿安東尼·布林肯與國防部長本尼·甘茨就此事進行了交談。

Israel to advance plans for 1,303 West Bank Palestinian homes

The plans to construct new Palestinian homes are part of a series of gestures Prime Minister Bennett's government has made to the Palestinians.

By TOVAH LAZAROFF

OCTOBER 31, 2021 21:58

A picture taken with a drone shows Palestinian houses and buildings at Dheisheh refugee camp, near Bethlehem in the Israeli-occupied West Bank June 17, 2021. Picture taken June 17, 2021.

(photo credit: REUTERS/YOSRI ALJAMAL)

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The Civil Administration is set to advance plans for 1,303 Palestinian homes in Area C of the West Bank on Monday morning, but only 170 are likely to be approved.

It marks the first advancement of Palestinian housing projects since Prime Minister Naftali Bennett took office in May and is part of a series of gestures his government has made to the Palestinians. But of the projected number only 170 homes in Khirbet Abdallah Younas near Jenin, or 13%, are expected to receive final approval.

The other plans to be advanced include 270 homes in Al-Ma’assara village in the Bethlehem area, 233 homes in Almasqufa in the Tulkarm area, and 200 in Dkeika in the South Hebron Hills.

In addition, the council will debate plans in the Jenin area for 160 homes in Abba a-Sharqiya and 270 in Bir al-basha.

The advancement of Palestinian building in Area C, has been linked to last week’s Higher Council meeting to advance plans for 3,130 settler homes. Of these nearly 60% were approved. Separately the Construction and Housing Ministry published tenders for 1,355 Jewish homes in Judea and Samaria.

A BUILDING SITE in Efrat. All of the projects that have been approved for Area C’s Jewish sector are on land that has already been slated for expansion of existing communities. (credit: GERSHON ELINSON/FLASH90)

The council’s advancement of Palestinian building, reflects only a fraction of the housing construction needed.

Right-wing politicians and setters leaders have opposed the advancement of Palestinian homes in Area C, which is under Israeli military and civilian rule. They have held that Area C should be part of sovereign Israel and that Palestinian housing in that area helps ensure that the territory will be part of a future Palestinian state.

The international community, which believes that settlement building in Area C prevents its inclusion in the borders of a future Palestinian state, has condemned Israeli settlement plans.

On Friday European Union spokesman Peter Stano said, “settlements are illegal under international law and constitute a major obstacle to the achievement of the two-state solution and a just, lasting and comprehensive peace between the parties.

“The European Union has consistently made clear that it is strongly opposed to the expansion of settlements and will not recognize any changes to the pre-1967 borders, including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties.

“We renew our call upon the Government of Israel to reverse these steps which are completely inconsistent with efforts to lower tensions and to ensure calm, to halt settlement construction, and to focus on furthering meaningful re-engagement between the parties, advancing confidence-building measures and improving living conditions for ordinary people, which are urgently needed,” Stano said.

Separately, 12 European countries issued a statement against settlement building on Thursday, as did the United Kingdom and Russia. The United States has also opposed the Israeli advancement of settler building, with Secretary of State Antony Blinken speaking with Defense Minister Benny Gantz about the matter prior to the Higher Planing Council’s meeting last week.

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