4 分鐘 ·

#阿富汗現況 #伊朗危機#伊朗自身經濟難保

每天有4,000-5,000名阿富汗人進入伊朗

自塔利班獲勝以來，多達300,000名阿富汗人越過邊境。

挪威難民委員會(NRC)今天週三表示，自塔利班於8月佔領喀布爾以來，每天有多達4,000-5,000名阿富汗人越境進入伊朗，預計即將到來嚴峻的冬天還會有數十萬人抵達伊朗。

該援助組織表示，自塔利班獲勝以來，多達300,000名阿富汗人越境，並呼籲國際社會為伊朗提供更多支持，伊朗正在應對自身停滯不前的經濟危機。

挪威難民委員會秘書長揚·埃格蘭(Jan Egeland)在一份聲明中指出，不能指望伊朗在國際社會如此少的支持下接待這麼多阿富汗人。在致命的冬季寒冷之前，阿富汗境內和伊朗等鄰國都必須立即加大援助力度。

當最後一支美軍準備離開阿富汗時，塔利班取得了令人震驚的勝利，這促使官員和其他與前西方支持的政府和其他弱勢阿富汗人，大規模地出走。

國際支持的突然結束和在國外持有的阿富汗中央銀行資產的凍結，也使該國瀕臨經濟崩盤，引發了人們對類似於2015年逃離敘利亞的難民危機的擔憂，這場危機震撼了歐洲。

伊朗和巴基斯坦一起收容了在境外流離失所 5 百萬阿富汗人當中約有 90% 人口，儘管並非所有這些人都算作難民。

埃格蘭表示，我們贊揚伊朗在過去四十年裡歡迎和收容了數百萬流離失所的阿富汗人。但現在國際社會必須站出來支持阿富汗的鄰國，

聯合國機構表示，多達2,280萬人－佔阿富汗3,900萬人口的一半以上，正面臨嚴重的糧食危機，僅兩個月內又多出1,400萬人。

新聞出處：JP

新聞日期：2021/11/10

Reuters

A. Majeed/AFP

Jiji/AFP

40分鐘 ·

以色列承諾犯有戰爭罪的衣索比亞猶太人遣返衣索比亞

據報導，衣索比亞總理抱怨最近被空運到以色列的人中，其中有四名是戰犯身份。

據以色列電視13頻道於11/9報導，以色列承諾，如果在非洲國家激烈戰爭期間，最近幾個月被空運到以色列的任何衣索比亞移民被發現犯有戰爭罪，他們將被遣返。

一天前，該頻道報導稱，衣索比亞總理阿比·艾哈邁德(Abiy Ahmed)在與班內特總理的電話中憤怒地抱怨，一些被空運到以色列的人當中是參與戰爭罪的軍官。

以色列13頻道援引一名參與此事的安全消息人士的話表示，在過去一年被帶到以色列的2,000多人中，至少有四名警官涉嫌參與叛軍在提格雷(Tigray)地區的大屠殺。

週二的報告沒有說明以色列計劃如何確定這些人是否參與了戰爭罪。它還指出，以色列可能難以確定許多被空運到該國的人其真實身份，稱他們沒有護照或身份證件，許多人給出相同的出生日期，即4月1日，這導致官員們得出結論，他們得到了虛假訊息。

最近幾週，隨著提格雷叛軍的叛亂加劇，並接近首都阿迪斯阿貝巴(Addis Ababa)，以色列面臨將數千名衣索比亞猶太社群成員帶回以色列的壓力，也愈來愈大。以色列總統以撒·赫爾佐格(Isaac Herzog)於上週表示，我們必須繼續迅速將他們帶回以色列。

移民吸收部長塔瑪諾–莎塔(Pnina Tamano-Shata)和內政部長莎凱得(Ayelet Shaked)週二表示，他們同意加快這移民陷入僵局有5,000名聲稱具有猶太血統的衣索比亞人回歸以色列。

協議中包括在以色列有一級親屬的人，根據2015年政府其決定有資格移民，在該決議之下，有9,000名衣索比亞猶太人將被帶回猶太國家。

《國土報》表示，塔瑪諾–莎塔部長本人是衣索比亞裔，11/8週一曾威脅表示，如果這次沒有人被空運帶回，她將辭職。

報導中補充指出，班內特總理將在未來幾天內召開一次會議，以制定關於此事的政策。內政部長莎凱得、移民吸收部長塔瑪諾–莎塔和國防部長甘茨(Benny Gantz)將出席會議。

13頻道的報導稱，那些計劃被帶回以色列的人，因其猶太化而沒有立即面臨具體的危險。

在希伯來媒體週日晚上表示，數十名參與秘密行動的衣索比亞人可能扭曲了他們的猶太血統，誇大了對他們構成的危險，就連這些人是否都是猶太人，也可能存在疑問。移民和人口境管局對過去幾個月帶回以色列的61名衣索比亞猶太人的調查，絕大多數皆提出了「嚴重懷疑」。

據 12頻道新聞報導，當中參與的社群成員們否認了這些指控，該新聞還發佈了國家安全委員會的評估，聲稱空運工作並不緊迫。

自一年前爆發戰鬥以來，已有2,000多名衣索比亞猶太人被帶回以色列進行國營救援行動，其中包括61人，他們需要部長簽署他們的移民協議，因為他們不是猶太社群裡的一部分，只聲稱有猶太血統。

據《國土報》報導，儘管將他們帶回融入以色列的計劃，是在前總理納坦雅胡任職期間制定的，但簽署該計劃的是他的繼任者班內特的內閣。

據信，有7,000至12,000名衣索比亞猶太社群成員仍在等待回歸以色列，其中許多人生活在衝突中心的提格雷地區。幾年前離開村莊的其他人在貢德爾市 #Gondar 和阿迪斯阿貝巴的猶太社區中心附近勉強度日；許多人已經等了幾十年才能移民。

雖然來自貝塔以色列社群的衣索比亞猶太移民被承認為完全猶太人，但屬於較小的 #法拉什穆拉社群#Falash_Mura 的衣索比亞移民在回歸後必須接受皈依猶太教正統派。

法拉什穆拉是衣索比亞猶太人，他們祖先在前幾代脅迫下歸信基督教。據總理辦公室稱，自1997年以來，其中約有30,000名衣索比亞猶太人移民回歸以色列。

由於內政部不認為法拉什穆拉是猶太人，他們不能根據《回歸法》移民，因此必須獲得政府的特別許可才能回歸以色列。

新聞出處：TOI

新聞日期：2021/11/10

AP

Sebastian Scheiner/AP

隨著訂單激增，土耳其國防公司將測試海基無人機

Haluk Bayraktar 是經營國防公司 Baykar 的兩個工程師兄弟之一，他說這種新飛機將在未來兩年內進行測試，並且能夠從土耳其海軍艦艇上起飛。

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發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 18:46

土耳其製造的 Bayraktar TB2 UCAV

（圖片來源：Army.com.ua/CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS）

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其首席執行官週三表示，這家土耳其國防公司的武裝無人機在阿塞拜疆和利比亞的衝突中發揮了決定性作用，該公司將很快試飛兩架新型無人駕駛飛機，將土耳其的無人機能力從陸基行動擴展到海軍行動。

Haluk Bayraktar 是經營國防公司 Baykar 的兩個工程師兄弟之一，他說這種新飛機將在未來兩年內進行測試，並且能夠從目前正在生產的土耳其海軍艦艇上起飛。

土耳其部署該公司的 Bayraktar TB2 無人機一直是敘利亞、伊拉克、利比亞和阿塞拜疆衝突的一個主要因素，將 Baykar 推向了聚光燈下，並將其轉變為主要的製造商和出口商。

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Bayraktar 說，該公司現已與 13 個國家簽署了出口協議，其中包括與烏克蘭的聯合生產協議，因為其產品有助於重塑現代戰爭的戰斗方式。

分析人士稱，土耳其無人機項目的規模使其與美國、以色列和中國並列世界前四大生產國。

烏克蘭空軍的 Bayraktar TB2（來源：烏克蘭國防部/CC BY 4.0/VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS）

“智能無人機系統是改變電力投送格局的兩項領先技術，”他在伊斯坦布爾國防展的間隙告訴路透社。

“當每個人都在談論無人機技術如何改變戰鬥理論時……我們的下一個目標之一是 TB3 無人機，它能夠在 TCG Anadolu 上起飛和降落，”Bayraktar 說，指的是計劃中的土耳其輕型航空母艦。

儘管這艘船將能夠在其著陸甲板上攜帶戰鬥直升機，但土耳其沒有可以從船上起飛的飛機。採用折疊翼設計的 TB3 可以從短的海軍跑道部署。

Bayraktar 說，由於一些部分正在生產中，預計明年將進行首次試飛。

他說，緊隨其後的是一架名為 MUIS 的無人作戰飛機，預計在 2023 年進行首次原型飛行。目前處於設計階段，MUIS 將採用噴氣動力，有效載荷可達 1.5 噸。

該公司表示，自主機動飛行器將能夠與有人駕駛的飛機協同作戰，並可能攜帶空對空導彈。

“他們想要無人機”

Baykar 由 Bayraktar 的父親於 1980 年代創立，2005 年開始專注於無人駕駛飛機的生產，因為土耳其尋求加強其當地的國防工業。

現在它帶頭推動土耳其的全球國防出口。總統塔伊普·埃爾多安 (Tayyip Erdogan) 的女兒嫁給了 Baykar 的首席技術官 Selcuk Bayraktar，他說國際上對 TB2 和更新的 Akinci 無人機的需求是巨大的。

“在任何地方，即使是在我的非洲之行，他們都想要無人機、武裝無人機和 Akinci，”他上個月從安哥拉、多哥和尼日利亞旅行回來後告訴 Baykar 的工人。“整個世界……都想看到並知道你在做什麼。”

首架 Akinci 無人機與 TB2 相比，其飛行時間更長，載荷更大，已於 8 月交付給土耳其軍方。

儘管需求不斷增長，但克里姆林宮批評在烏克蘭東部使用土耳其製造的無人機對抗俄羅斯支持的民兵。對埃塞俄比亞的計劃銷售陷入內戰並與埃及不和，導致與開羅的摩擦。

Bayraktar 表示，土耳其在過去 20 年裡在創建自己的國防工業方面取得了“巨大飛躍”，從 17 家公司擴大到近 17,000 家。

“無人機技術只是從國家和本土發展驅動中誕生的一個成功故事，”他說。“直到最近，我們才開始從 20 年前開始的工作中獲益。”

Turkish defense firm to test sea-based drones as orders swell

Haluk Bayraktar, one of two engineer brothers running the defense firm Baykar, said the new aircraft would be tested in the next two years and would be able to take off from a Turkish navy ship.

By REUTERS

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 18:46

Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2 UCAV

(photo credit: Army.com.ua/CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)

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The Turkish defense company whose armed drones were decisive in conflicts in Azerbaijan and Libya will soon test-fly two new unmanned aircraft that will extend Turkey's drone capabilities from land-based to naval operations, its CEO said on Wednesday.

Haluk Bayraktar, one of two engineer brothers running the defense firm Baykar, said the new aircraft would be tested in the next two years and would be able to take off from a Turkish navy ship currently under production.

Turkey's deployment of the company's Bayraktar TB2 drone has been a major factor in conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Azerbaijan, pushing Baykar into the spotlight and transforming it into a major manufacturer and exporter.

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The firm has now signed export deals with 13 countries including a joint production deal with Ukraine, as its products help reshape the way modern wars are fought, Bayraktar said.

The scale of Turkey's drone program puts it in the world's top four producers alongside the United States, Israel and China, analysts say.

Bayraktar TB2 of the Ukrainian Air Force (credit: MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE/CC BY 4.0/VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)

"Smart, unmanned aircraft systems are the two leading technologies that changed the landscape for power projection," he told Reuters on the sidelines of defense show in Istanbul.

"As everyone is talking about how drone technology is changing battle doctrines … one of our next objectives is the TB3 drone, capable of taking off from and landing on TCG Anadolu," Bayraktar said, referring to a planned Turkish light aircraft carrier.

Although the ship will be able to carry combat helicopters on its landing deck, Turkey does not operate a plane that can take off from the vessel. The TB3, with a folding-wing design, could deploy from the short naval runways.

With some sections under production, it is expected to see the first test flight next year, Bayraktar said.

It will be followed by an unmanned combat aircraft, called MUIS, with first prototype flight expected in 2023, he said. Currently in the design phase, MUIS will be jet-powered, with a payload of up to 1.5 tons.

The autonomously maneuvering craft will be capable of operating in tandem with piloted aircraft, and may carry air-to-air missiles, the company said.

"THEY WANT DRONES"

Baykar, founded in the 1980s by Bayraktar's father, began to focus on unmanned aircraft production in 2005 as Turkey sought to strengthen its local defense industry.

Now it is spearheading Turkey's global defense export push. President Tayyip Erdogan, whose daughter is married to Baykar's chief technology officer Selcuk Bayraktar, says international demand for TB2 and the newer Akinci drone is huge.

"Everywhere, even in my Africa trip, they want drones, armed drones and Akinci," he told Baykar workers last month after returning from a trip to Angola, Togo and Nigeria. "The whole world … want to see and to know what you are doing."

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The first Akinci drone, which has a longer flight time and can carry a larger payload than the TB2, was delivered to the Turkish military in August.

Despite the growing demand, the use of Turkish-made drones in eastern Ukraine against Russian-backed militia has been criticized by the Kremlin. Planned sales to Ethiopia, mired in civil war and at odds with Egypt, has caused friction with Cairo.

Bayraktar said Turkey had made a "huge leap" in its effort to create its own defense industry over the last 20 years, expanding from 17 companies to nearly 17,000.

"The drone technology is just one success story born from the national and indigenous development drive," he said. "We started to reap the benefits of work that began two decades ago only recently."

隨著移民危機升級，俄羅斯在白俄羅斯上空飛行具有核能力的轟炸機

歐盟指責明斯克吸引來自中東、阿富汗和非洲的移民，然後推動他們越境進入波蘭，試圖在歐盟東翼製造暴力混亂。

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發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 12:35

更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 17:45

2015 年 5 月 9 日，俄羅斯莫斯科勝利日閱兵式期間，圖波列夫 Tu-22M3 逆火戰略轟炸機在紅場上空編隊飛行。

（照片來源：路透社/主辦照片機構/俄新社）

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週三，俄羅斯罕見地派出兩架具有核能力的戰略轟炸機巡邏白俄羅斯領空，以示支持在白俄羅斯與歐盟陷入移民僵局之際關閉盟友。

莫斯科決定提高賭注之際，這個 27 國集團週三考慮實施制裁，以懲罰明斯克所謂的人為危機，白俄羅斯否認了這一點。

華沙週三表示，被困在白俄羅斯的移民多次試圖在一夜之間強行進入波蘭，並宣布已增派警衛加強邊境。

聯合國人權事務負責人米歇爾巴切萊特呼籲各國緩和並解決“無法容忍”的危機。

她說：“在沒有足夠的住所、食物、水和醫療服務的情況下，這數百名男人、女人和兒童不能被迫在寒冷的天氣中再度過一個晚上。”

在波蘭國防部於 2021 年 11 月 8 日發布的這段視頻中，數百名移民試圖從與波蘭接壤的白俄羅斯一側越過邊界，白俄羅斯士兵在邊境巡邏。通過路透社）

在歐盟，其曾多次制裁白俄羅斯侵犯人權，指責在中東，阿富汗和非洲移民圖紙，然後將他們推向越境進入波蘭試圖傳播對歐盟的東側暴力混亂的明斯克。

歐盟 27 位大使周三一致認為，這相當於白俄羅斯總統亞歷山大·盧卡申科的“混合戰爭”——這是新制裁的法律依據。

歐盟理事會主席查爾斯·米歇爾說：“我們正面臨對歐盟邊界的殘酷混合攻擊。白俄羅斯正在以一種憤世嫉俗和令人震驚的方式將移民的痛苦武器化。”

白俄羅斯及其盟友俄羅斯將責任歸咎於歐洲，克里姆林宮指責它未能實現自己的人道主義理想，並試圖通過關閉部分邊境的計劃來“扼殺”白俄羅斯。它表示，歐盟因危機對白俄羅斯實施制裁是不可接受的。

俄羅斯派往白俄羅斯上空的圖波列夫 Tu-22M3 轟炸機能夠攜帶核導彈，包括旨在逃避西方先進防空系統的高超音速導彈。

俄羅斯外長拉夫羅夫表示，他希望負責任的歐洲人“不要讓自己陷入相當危險的漩渦”。

德國政府發言人說，德國總理默克爾敦促普京就邊境局勢向白俄羅斯施加壓力。克里姆林宮說普京告訴她歐盟應該直接與白俄羅斯對話。

壓力點

這場危機襲擊了處於脆弱地區的歐盟。

2015 年，超過 100 萬人逃離敘利亞、伊拉克和阿富汗的衝突，導致成員國之間產生嚴重裂痕，社會保障體係緊張，並支持極右翼政黨，這使該集團深受動搖。

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這次歐盟似乎更加團結，但與布魯塞爾有一些內部摩擦的跡象，警告波蘭不應使用歐盟資金來建造邊界牆和鐵絲網。

本週，數千人聚集在邊境，臨時的鐵絲網圍欄和波蘭士兵一再阻止他們進入。一些移民使用原木、鐵鍬等工具試圖突破。

“這不是一個平靜的夜晚。事實上，有許多企圖突破波蘭邊界的企圖，”波蘭國防部長馬里烏什·布拉什扎克告訴廣播公司 PR1。

路透社從邊境獲得的視頻顯示，被困在那裡的人中有年幼的兒童和嬰兒。

“這裡有很多家庭都有兩四個月大的嬰兒。他們過去三天沒有吃任何東西，”提供視頻的人告訴路透社，他們自己是移民，拒絕透露姓名。

路透社在波蘭小鎮 Hajnowka 附近的森林中發現了中東航空公司的撕毀機票、旅行社的文件和收據，那裡似乎是一個廢棄的露營地。還發現了鞋子、塑料水瓶、睡袋和食物垃圾袋。

波蘭總理表示，歐盟需要阻止從中東飛往白俄羅斯的航班。

增援部隊

波蘭邊防衛隊週二報告了 599 次非法越境企圖，其中 9 人被拘留，48 人被遣返。Blaszczak 說，駐紮在邊境的波蘭士兵已經從 12,000 人增至 15,000 人。

歐盟指責盧卡申科在長達數月的邊境對峙中使用“黑幫式”戰術，至少有七名移民死亡。三名歐盟外交官告訴路透社，新的歐盟制裁將針對包括白俄羅斯外交部長在內的約 30 名個人和實體。

在歐盟、美國和英國對白俄羅斯實施制裁後，這場危機爆發了，因為白俄羅斯暴力鎮壓了盧卡申科在 2020 年有爭議的選舉勝利引發的大規模街頭抗議活動。

盧卡申科向傳統盟友俄羅斯尋求支持和資金以安撫抗議活動。俄羅斯將白俄羅斯視為對抗北約的戰略緩衝區。

波蘭否認人道主義組織的指控，即它通過將移民趕回白俄羅斯而不是接受他們的保護申請而違反了國際庇護權。華沙稱其行為是合法的。

一些移民抱怨說，他們被波蘭和白俄羅斯邊防警衛反复推擠，使他們面臨暴露、缺乏食物和水的風險。

Russia flies nuclear-capable bombers over Belarus as migrant crisis escalates

The EU accuses Minsk of drawing in migrants from the Middle East, Afghanistan and Africa and then pushing them to cross into Poland to try to sow violent chaos on the bloc's eastern flank.

By REUTERS

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 12:35

Updated: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 17:45

Tupolev Tu-22M3 Backfire strategic bombers fly in formation over the Red Square during the Victory Day parade in Moscow, Russia, May 9, 2015.

(photo credit: REUTERS/HOST PHOTO AGENCY/RIA NOVOSTI)

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Russia took the rare step of dispatching two nuclear-capable strategic bombers to patrol Belarusian airspace on Wednesday in a show of support to close ally Belarus at a time when it is locked in a migrant standoff with the European Union.

Moscow's decision to up the ante came as the 27-nation bloc considered sanctions on Wednesday to punish Minsk for what it calls an artificially created crisis, something Belarus denies.

Migrants trapped in Belarus made multiple attempts to force their way into Poland overnight, Warsaw said on Wednesday, announcing that it had reinforced the border with extra guards.

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United Nations human rights chief Michelle Bachelet called on states to deescalate and resolve the "intolerable" crisis.

"These hundreds of men, women and children must not be forced to spend another night in freezing weather without adequate shelter, food, water and medical care," she said.

Belarusian soldiers patrol the border as hundreds of migrants try to cross from the Belarus side of the border with Poland near Kuznica Bialostocka, Poland, in this video-grab released by the Polish Defence Ministry, November 8, 2021. (credit: MON/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

The

EU

, which has repeatedly sanctioned Belarus for human rights abuses, accuses Minsk of drawing in migrants from the Middle East, Afghanistan and Africa and then pushing them to cross into Poland to try to sow violent chaos on the bloc's eastern flank.

The bloc's 27 ambassadors agreed on Wednesday that this amounts to "hybrid warfare" by Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko - a legal basis for new sanctions.

"We are facing a brutal hybrid attack on our EU borders. Belarus is weaponizing migrants' distress in a cynical and shocking way," EU Council President Charles Michel said.

Belarus and its ally Russia have placed the blame on Europe, with the Kremlin accusing it of failing to live up to its own humanitarian ideals and trying to "strangle" Belarus with plans to close part of the frontier. It said it was unacceptable for the EU to impose sanctions on Belarus over the crisis.

The Tupolev Tu-22M3 bombers that Russia sent to overfly Belarus are capable of carrying nuclear missiles, including hypersonic ones of the kind designed to evade sophisticated Western air defenses.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said he hoped responsible Europeans would "not allow themselves to be drawn into a spiral that is fairly dangerous."

German Chancellor Angela Merkel urged Putin to put pressure on Belarus over the situation at the border, a German government spokesperson said. The Kremlin said Putin told her the EU should talk directly to Belarus.

PRESSURE POINT

The crisis strikes the EU in a vulnerable area.

In 2015 the bloc was deeply shaken by an influx of more than 1 million people fleeing conflict in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan that led to deep rifts between member states, strained social security systems and fanned support for far-right parties.

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The EU appears more united this time but there are some signs of internal friction with Brussels warning Poland that it should not use EU funds to erect border walls and razor wire.

Thousands of people have converged on the border this week, where makeshift razor wire fences and Polish soldiers have repeatedly blocked their entry. Some of the migrants have used logs, spades and other implements to try to break through.

"It was not a calm night. Indeed, there were many attempts to breach the Polish border," Polish Defence Minister Mariusz Blaszczak told broadcaster PR1.

Video from the border obtained by Reuters showed young children and babies among the people stuck there.

"There are lots of families here with babies between two or four months old. They have not eaten anything for the past three days," the person who provided the video told Reuters, saying they were a migrant themselves and declining to be named.

Reuters found ripped-up tickets from Middle Eastern airlines, documents from tourist agencies and receipts in the forest near the Polish town of Hajnowka at what appeared to be an abandoned campsite. Shoes, plastic water bottles, sleeping bags and garbage bags of provisions were also found.

Poland's prime minister said the EU needed to block flights from the Middle East to Belarus.

REINFORCEMENTS

The Polish border guards service reported 599 illegal border crossing attempts on Tuesday, with 9 people detained and 48 sent back. Blaszczak said the force of Polish soldiers stationed at the border had been strengthened to 15,000 from 12,000.

The EU accuses Lukashenko of using "gangster-style" tactics in the months-long border standoff, in which at least seven migrants have died. The new EU sanctions would target around 30 individuals and entities including the Belarusian foreign minister, three EU diplomats told Reuters.

The crisis erupted after the EU, United States and Britain imposed sanctions on Belarus over its violent crackdown on mass street protests that were sparked by Lukashenko's disputed election victory in 2020.

Lukashenko turned to traditional ally Russia for support and financing to ride out the protests. Russia regards Belarus as a strategic buffer against NATO.

Poland denies accusations by humanitarian groups that it is violating the international right to asylum by hustling migrants back into Belarus instead of accepting their applications for protection. Warsaw says its actions are legal.

Some migrants have complained of being repeatedly pushed back and forth by Polish and Belarusian border guards, putting them at risk of exposure, lack of food and water.

外交官稱歐盟即將就新一輪白俄羅斯制裁達成協議

外交官表示，歐盟國家還在考慮擴大對白俄羅斯 7 月份實施的經濟制裁，將目標鎖定在當地再保險業及其主要國有企業 BelarusRe。

通過路透

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 9 日 21:25

在波蘭內政部於 2021 年 11 月 8 日發布的這段視頻中，波蘭警察和邊防警衛阻止了數百名試圖從波蘭庫茲尼察比亞洛斯託卡附近的波蘭邊境的白俄羅斯一側越境的移民。

（圖片來源：MSWIA / HANDOUT VIA REUTERS）

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三名歐盟外交官表示，歐盟即將對白俄羅斯實施更多製裁，目標是包括外交部長和白俄羅斯航空公司 Belavia 在內的約 30 個人和實體，最早將於下週獲得批准。

歐盟和北約指責總統亞歷山大·盧卡申科將移民用作向西方施壓的武器，將逃離中東的人送往明斯克，然後前往波蘭和波羅的海國家的邊界。

新一輪制裁將針對白俄羅斯官員，歐盟稱這些官員組織了移民抵達，以報復對明斯克侵犯人權的製裁。

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週三，在關鍵的一步中，歐盟的 27 位大使將正式同意，白俄羅斯與波蘭邊界沿線不斷增加的移民人數構成“混合戰爭”，可以作為建立制裁的法律基礎。

明斯克否認任何此類行動，並拒絕接受西方對不當行為的所有指控。迄今為止，對高級官員的製裁未能有效削弱盧卡申科的統治，盧卡申科自 1994 年以來一直掌權，是莫斯科的親密盟友。

2021 年 11 月 8 日，移民聚集在帶刺鐵絲網附近，試圖越過白俄羅斯格羅德諾地區與波蘭的邊界。（圖片來源：LEONID SCHEGLOV/BELTA/HandOUT VIA REUTERS）

外交官表示，歐盟國家還在考慮擴大對白俄羅斯 7 月份實施的經濟制裁，將目標鎖定在當地再保險業及其主要國有企業 BelarusRe。

對白俄羅斯國家官員和企業的第五項資產凍結和旅行禁令將是歐盟對與白俄羅斯就西方和白俄羅斯反對派在 2020 年 8 月由盧卡申科操縱的總統選舉日益惡化的對峙的最新反應。

包括歐盟委員會主席烏爾蘇拉·馮德萊恩在內的歐盟官員呼籲採取更嚴格的措施，包括對被指控將移民運送到明斯克，然後將其運送到白俄羅斯邊境的國際航空公司採取更嚴格的措施。

外交官表示，曾在 9 月聯合國大會上為白俄羅斯的記錄辯護的外交部長弗拉基米爾·馬克伊是一名將受到製裁的高級官員，因為他的外交部被指控向非歐盟國民，特別是敘利亞人和伊拉克人發放白俄羅斯簽證。 .

在明斯克強迫瑞安航空公司的一架航班降落以逮捕一名白俄羅斯反對派記者後，歐盟已禁止國有航空公司 Belavia 進入歐盟領空和歐盟機場。現在，對該航空公司的直接製裁將使其無法從愛爾蘭、羅馬尼亞和丹麥公司租賃飛機。

然而，歐盟內部就制裁是否應僅適用於新租約或現有合同存在爭議。

本月更多的製裁將使白俄羅斯受到資產凍結和旅行禁令的總人數達到近 200 人——包括盧卡申科和他的兒子——以及十多家機構和公司。

EU close to deal on new round of Belarus sanctions, diplomats say

EU states are also considering broadening economic sanctions on Belarus imposed in July by targeting the local reinsurance sector and its main company state-owned BelarusRe, diplomats said.

By REUTERS

Published: NOVEMBER 9, 2021 21:25

Polish police and border guard block hundreds of migrants who try to cross from the Belarus side of the border with Poland near Kuznica Bialostocka, Poland, in this video-grab released by the Polish Interior Ministry, November 8, 2021.

(photo credit: MSWIA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

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The European Union is close to imposing more sanctions on Belarus, targeting some 30 individuals and entities including the foreign minister and Belarusian airline Belavia, with approval as early as next week, three EU diplomats said.

The EU and NATO accuse President Alexander Lukashenko of using migrants as a weapon to pressure the West by sending people fleeing the Middle East to Minsk and then onto the borders of Poland and the Baltic states.

The new round of sanctions is set to target Belarusian officials that the EU says have organized the migrant arrivals in revenge for sanctions on Minsk over human rights abuses.

On Wednesday, in a crucial step, the EU's 27 ambassadors are set to formally agree that the swelling numbers of migrants along Belarus' border with Poland amount to "hybrid warfare" and can serve as a legal basis on which to build sanctions.

Minsk denies any such operations and rejects all Western accusations of wrongdoing. Sanctions on senior officials have so far not been effective in weakening the rule of Lukashenko, who has been in power since 1994 and is a close ally of Moscow.

Migrants gather near a barbed wire fence in an attempt to cross the border with Poland in the Grodno region, Belarus November 8, 2021. (credit: LEONID SCHEGLOV/BELTA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

EU states are also considering broadening economic sanctions on Belarus imposed in July by targeting the local reinsurance sector and its main company state-owned BelarusRe, diplomats said.

The fifth package of asset freezes and travel bans on Belarusian state officials and businesses would be the EU's latest response to an worsening stand-off with Belarus over what the West and the Belarus opposition was a rigged presidential election in August 2020 by Lukashenko.

EU officials including European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen are calling for even tighter measures, including on international airlines accused of flying migrants into Minsk, who are then transported to the Belarusian border.

Foreign Minister Vladimir Makei, who defended Belarus' record at the United Nations General Assembly in September, is one senior official set to be sanctioned because his ministry is accused of handing out Belarusian visas to non-EU nationals, notably Syrians and Iraqis, diplomats said.

The EU has banned state-owned airline Belavia from EU airspace and EU airports after Minsk forced a Ryanair flight to land to arrest a Belarus opposition journalist. Now, direct sanctions on the airline would prevent it from being able to lease aircraft from Irish, Romanian and Danish companies.

However, there is debate in the EU over whether the sanctions should only apply to new leases or existing contracts.

More sanctions this month would take the total number of people under asset freezes and travel bans in Belarus to almost 200 people - including Lukashenko and his sons - as well as more than a dozen institutions and companies.

根據阿薩德的命令，敘利亞的伊斯蘭革命衛隊首席將軍被驅逐 - 報告

敘利亞總統巴沙爾·阿薩德 (Bashar Assad) 是驅逐伊朗駐該國軍隊首腦賈瓦德·加法裡 (Javad Ghaffari) 的幕後推手。

通過MAARIV 在線

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 19:02

更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 20:11

敘利亞總統巴沙爾·阿薩德 8 月在大馬士革向本國議會成員發表講話。

（圖片來源：SANA/REUTERS）

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據阿拉伯通訊社週三報導，敘利亞總統巴沙爾·阿薩德已決定解除伊朗駐敘利亞軍隊指揮官賈瓦德·加法裡的職務。

報導稱，總統府消息人士對加法裡的行為感到不滿，甚至認為這是“侵犯敘利亞主權”。

消息人士稱，加法裡一直在處理走私貨物和建立可以與敘利亞市場競爭的黑武器市場。

跳過 2秒內繼續觀看冠狀病毒：兒童疫苗專家組將開會批准 5-11 歲兒童注射疫苗廣告後

此外，沙特新聞頻道 Al-Hadath 報導稱，敘利亞人指責伊朗人利用敘利亞的自然資源和經濟資源謀取私利，並逃避向敘利亞政權繳納稅款。它還透露，在以色列空軍多次襲擊的聲稱背景下，加法裡承認他曾在敘利亞未批准的地方駐紮了伊朗軍隊。

8 月 29 日，敘利亞總統巴沙爾·阿薩德（右）在大馬士革會見伊朗外交部長侯賽因·阿米爾-阿卜杜拉希安。（圖片來源：SANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS）

報告稱，加法裡違反該政權的指導方針對美國和以色列進行了多次

襲擊

，這幾乎導致了一場不受歡迎的地區戰爭，包括伊朗支持的民兵於 10 月 20 日襲擊美國目標。

一位敘利亞消息人士解釋說，加法裡被解職是對前伊朗革命衛隊隊長卡西姆·蘇萊曼尼 (Qasem Soleimani) 對伊朗在伊朗和黎巴嫩之間戰略地區的霸權願景的決定性打擊。

Chief IRGC general in Syria was ousted on Assad's orders - report

Syrian President Bashar Assad was behind the ousting of the head of the Iranian forces in the country, Javad Ghaffari.

By MAARIV ONLINE

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 19:02

Updated: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 20:11

SYRIAN PRESIDENT Bashar Assad addresses members of his country’s parliament in Damascus in August.

(photo credit: SANA/REUTERS)

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Syrian President Bashar Assad has decided to dismiss the commander of Iranian forces in Syria Javad Ghaffari, Al-Arabiya News Agency reported Wednesday.

Sources in the presidential palace were dissatisfied with Ghaffari's actions and went as far as deeming them a "violation of Syrian sovereignty," the report said.

The sources said that Ghaffari had been dealing with the smuggling of goods and the establishment of a black weapons market that could compete with the Syrian market.

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In addition, the Saudi news channel Al-Hadath reported that the Syrians blamed the Iranians for taking advantage of Syria's natural and economic resources for its own gain and for evading tax payments to the Syrian regime. It also revealed that on the backdrop of claims of multiple Israeli Air Force attacks, Ghaffari admitted that he had stationed Iranian forces in places that were not approved of by Syria.

SYRIAN PRESIDENT Bashar Assad (right) meets with Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian in Damascus, August 29. (credit: SANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

Ghaffari conducted a number of

attacks

against the US and Israel against the regime's guidelines, which almost lead to an unwanted regional war, including the attack on American targets on October 20 by Iranian-supported militias, the report said.

A Syrian source explained that Ghaffari's dismissal constitutes a decisive blow against former Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps head Qasem Soleimani's vision of Iranian hegemony over the strategic area between Iran and Lebanon.

伊朗上個月扣押的油輪被釋放到阿曼灣

據稱，扣押“Sothys”號及其貨物是將伊朗石油從一艘受制裁船隻轉賣給中國的複雜陰謀的一部分。

通過MICHAEL STARR，路透

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 15:34

更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 17:46

伊朗革命衛隊 (IRGC) 的一艘船於 2019 年 8 月 22 日在伊朗阿巴斯港附近的未公開地點航行。

（照片來源：NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS）

廣告

據海上交通追踪組織和伊朗媒體報導，懸掛越南國旗的油輪Sothys在被伊朗扣押一個月後於週二離開伊朗水域。

一名在阿巴斯港的伊朗官員告訴路透社，這艘油輪於週二晚些時候“在其石油貨物卸載後”離開伊朗，但沒有提供船員的詳細信息。國家媒體伊朗共和國通訊社報導說，伊斯蘭革命衛隊（IRGC）宣布釋放是根據法院命令進行的。

該思蒂轉移其貨物稱為伊朗船隻莉瑪在船到船轉運，TankerTrackers.com啾啾。

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根據航運跟踪和海事情報數據庫，截至週三中午，該船停泊在霍爾木茲海峽附近的阿曼灣西部，但此前一直向南航行，據稱目的地註冊為迪拜。公司 MarineTraffic。

根據 TankerTrackers.com 的說法，

Sothys

參與了一項失敗的複雜石油轉售計劃。它的貨物最初來自

阿曼驕傲號，這是一艘受制裁的船隻，曾用於從Winsome轉移石油，據稱該船於 6 月被伊斯蘭革命衛隊從阿曼劫持。在阿曼驕傲轉移伊朗石油70萬桶在六月思蒂，它試圖將貨物出售給中國。它因阿曼驕傲制裁而被拒絕，為了再次嘗試出售，貨物被轉移到Rima，一艘最初名為海灣天空的油輪，於 2020 年 7 月被劫持。

伊朗革命衛隊一周前表示，他們挫敗了美國在阿曼海扣留一艘載有伊朗石油的油輪的企圖。美國否認了這一說法，稱伊朗軍隊在 10 月下旬奪取了Sothys。

上週，伊朗發布了一段視頻，據稱顯示伊斯蘭革命衛隊海軍使用快速艇和直升機追趕美國海軍。

伊朗革命衛隊在伊朗布穆薩島附近劫持船隻（圖片來源：Wikimedia Commons）

五角大樓發言人約翰柯比當時對記者說：“我已經看到伊朗的說法——它們絕對是完全虛假和不真實的……這是一個虛假的說法。”

“唯一沒收的是伊朗，”他說。

路透社沒有立即聯繫到伊朗和越南外交部就Sothys的離開發表評論。

Tanker seized by Iran last month released into Gulf of Oman

The seizure of the 'Sothys' and the transfer of its cargo is allegedly part of a convoluted plot to resell Iranian oil from a sanctioned vessel to China.

By MICHAEL STARR, REUTERS

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 15:34

Updated: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 17:46

A boat of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard (IRGC) sails, at undisclosed place off the coast of Bandar Abbas, Iran August 22, 2019.

(photo credit: NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS)

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The Vietnamese-flagged oil tanker Sothys left Iranian waters on Tuesday, a month after it was seized by Iran, according to marine traffic tracking groups and Iranian media.

An Iranian official at Bandar Abbas Port told Reuters the tanker left Iran late on Tuesday "after its oil cargo was unloaded," giving no details on the crew. State media outlet Iranian Republic News Agency reported that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) announced that the release was done in accordance with a court order.

The Sothys transferred its cargo to an Iranian vessel called the Rima in a ship-to-ship transfer, TankerTrackers.com tweeted.

As of Wednesday at noon, the vessel was anchored in the western part of the Gulf of Oman near the Strait of Hormuz but had previously been traveling south, with the alleged destination registered as Dubai, according to the database of the shipping tracking and maritime intelligence company MarineTraffic.

According to TankerTrackers.com, the

Sothys

was involved in a failed convoluted plan to resell oil. Its cargo originally came from the

Oman Pride, a sanctioned vessel that had been used to transfer oil from the Winsome, which had allegedly been hijacked by the IRGC from Oman in June. The Oman Pride transferred 700,000 barrels of Iranian oil in June to Sothys, which attempted to sell the cargo to China. It was rejected over the Oman Pride sanctions, and to again attempt the sale, the cargo was transferred to Rima, a tanker originally called Gulf Sky which was hijacked in July 2020.

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Iran's Revolutionary Guards said a week ago that they thwarted an attempt by the United States to detain a tanker carrying Iranian oil in the Sea of Oman. The US denied this, saying that Iranian forces had seized the Sothys in late October.

Last week, Iran released a video that purportedly showed IRGC naval forces chasing off the US Navy using fast craft and helicopters.

IRGC siezes ship near Bu Musa Island, Iran (credit: Wikimedia Commons)

"I've seen the Iranian claims – they are absolutely totally false and untrue … it's a bogus claim," Pentagon spokesman John Kirby told reporters at the time.

"The only seizing that was done was by Iran," he said.

The foreign ministries of Iran and Vietnam were not immediately available to Reuters for comment on the departure of the Sothys.

這份定於週三發表的研究報告說：“源自伊朗-也門武器貿易的武器正被販運到索馬里境內。”

“伊朗一再否認參與向胡塞武裝販運武器。然而，大量證據表明伊朗國家供應武器。”

2021 年 5 月 24 日，在奧地利維也納，在冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期間，伊朗國旗飄揚在國際原子能機構總部所在的聯合國辦公大樓前。（來源：LISI NIESNER/REUTERS）

伊朗外交部和也門胡塞武裝發言人沒有回應對這項研究發表評論的請求。伊朗一再否認參與向其在也門的胡塞盟友販賣武器，長達六年的內戰已造成數万人死亡。

索馬里政府發言人和國內安全部長沒有回复尋求置評的電話或信息。

該研究稱，調查人員無法完整記錄武器的買家和賣家。

但它表示，這些武器最初由伊朗政府提供的跡象包括非常接近的序列號，表明它們是同一批貨物的一部分，來自衛星導航系統的關於被扣押單桅帆船的信息以及來自販運團伙的人類情報。

報告稱，一艘載有武器的單桅帆船被美國海軍艦艇扣押，其 GPS 定位在伊朗、也門南部和索馬里，包括位於伊朗海軍基地的賈斯克港附近的一個小錨地，以及也門穆卡拉港口是著名的武器走私中心。

該研究稱，槍支最終進入商業走私網絡，其客戶可能包括在索馬里一再推遲的總統選舉之前尋求優勢的武裝派別，以及與基地組織和伊斯蘭國有關的部族民兵和敵對的伊斯蘭叛亂組織。

Iranian-supplied arms smuggled from Yemen into Somalia - study

"Iran has repeatedly denied any involvement in the trafficking of arms to the Houthis. However, a preponderance of evidence points to Iranian state supply."

By REUTERS

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 14:11

Houthi troops ride on the back of a police patrol truck after participating in a Houthi gathering in Sanaa, Yemen February 19, 2020

(photo credit: REUTERS/KHALED ABDULLAH)

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Guns supplied by Iran to its Houthi allies in Yemen are being smuggled across the Gulf of Aden to Somalia, according to a Geneva-based think tank, where al-Qaeda-linked al-Shabab insurgents are battling a weak and divided government.

The Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime said its study drew on data from more than 400 weapons documented in 13 locations across Somalia over eight months and inventories from 13 dhows intercepted by naval vessels.

It is the first publicly available research into the scale of illicit arms smuggling from Yemen into the Horn of Africa country.

"Weapons originating in the Iran–Yemen arms trade are being trafficked onward into Somalia itself," said the study, which is due to be published on Wednesday.

"Iran has repeatedly denied any involvement in the trafficking of arms to the Houthis. However, a preponderance of evidence points to Iranian state supply."

Iranian flag flies in front of the UN office building, housing IAEA headquarters, amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, in Vienna, Austria, May 24, 2021. (credit: LISI NIESNER/ REUTERS)

Iran's foreign ministry and a spokesman for Yemen's Houthi forces did not respond to a request for comment on the study. Iran has repeatedly denied any involvement in the trafficking of arms to its Houthi allies in Yemen, where the six-year-old civil war has killed tens of thousands.

The Somali government spokesman and the internal security minister did not return calls or messages seeking comment.

The study said the investigators were not able to fully document the buyers and sellers of the weapons.

But it said signs the weapons were originally supplied by the Iranian state included serial numbers that were very close together, indicating they were part of the same shipment, information from satellite navigation systems on seized dhows and human intelligence from trafficking gangs.

One dhow carrying weapons which was seized by a US navy vessel had a GPS with stored points in Iran, southern Yemen and Somalia, the report said, including a small anchorage near Jask port, which hosts an Iranian naval base, and "home" as the Yemeni port of Mukalla, a well-known arms smuggling hub.

The study said the guns end up with commercial smuggling networks whose customers can include armed factions seeking advantage ahead of Somalia's repeatedly delayed presidential elections, as well as clan militias and rival Islamist insurgent groups linked to al-Qaeda and Islamic State.

每天有 4,000-5,000 名阿富汗人進入伊朗 - 援助組織

自塔利班獲勝以來，已有多達 30 萬阿富汗人越過邊界。

通過路透

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 11:42

2021 年 5 月 24 日，在冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期間，伊朗國旗飄揚在國際原子能機構總部所在的聯合國辦公大樓前。

(photo credit: LISI NIESNER/ REUTERS)

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挪威難民委​​員會（NRC）週三表示，自塔利班 8 月占領喀布爾以來，每天有多達 4,000 至 5,000 名阿富汗人進入伊朗，預計在即將到來的冬季將有數十萬人抵達伊朗。

該援助組織表示，自塔利班獲勝以來，已有多達 300,000 名阿富汗人越過邊界，並呼籲國際社會為伊朗提供更多支持，伊朗正在努力應對自身嚴重的經濟危機。

NRC秘書長揚·埃格蘭在一份聲明中說：“不能指望伊朗在國際社會如此缺乏支持的情況下接待如此多的阿富汗人。” “在致命的冬季寒冷來臨之前，必須立即擴大對阿富汗境內和伊朗等鄰國的援助。”

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以色列下一步將對敘利亞進行空襲對伊朗

在最後一批美軍準備離開阿富汗時，塔利班取得了令人震驚的勝利，導致官員和其他與前西方支持的前政府和其他弱勢阿富汗人有關的人員大量外流。

國際支持的突然終止和阿富汗中央銀行在國外持有的資產被凍結也使該國接近經濟崩潰，引發了人們對類似於 2015 年震撼歐洲的敘利亞大逃亡的難民危機的擔憂。

2021 年 10 月 3 日，阿富汗喀布爾，塔利班部隊成員乘坐裝有武器的皮卡車。（圖片來源：REUTERS/JORGE SILVA）

伊朗和巴基斯坦總共收容了 500 萬在國外流離失所的阿富汗人中的 90%，儘管並非所有這些人都被算作難民。

埃格蘭說：“我們讚揚伊朗在過去四年中歡迎和接納了數百萬流離失所的阿富汗人。但現在國際社會必須加緊支持阿富汗的鄰國。”

聯合國機構表示，多達 2280 萬人——阿富汗 3900 萬人口的一半以上——面臨嚴重的糧食不安全問題，而兩個月前這一數字為 1400 萬。

4,000-5,000 Afghans cross into Iran daily - aid group

As many as 300,000 Afghans have crossed the border since the Taliban victory.

By REUTERS

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 11:42

Iranian flag flies in front of the UN office building, housing IAEA headquarters, amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, in Vienna, Austria, May 24, 2021.

(photo credit: LISI NIESNER/ REUTERS)

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As many as 4,000-5,000 Afghans have been crossing into Iran daily since the Taliban seized Kabul in August and hundreds of thousands more are expected to arrive in the coming winter, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) said on Wednesday.

The aid group said as many as 300,000 Afghans have crossed the border since the Taliban victory and it called for more international support for Iran, which is grappling with a deep economic crisis of its own.

"Iran cannot be expected to host so many Afghans with so little support from the international community," NRC Secretary-General Jan Egeland said in a statement. "There must be an immediate scale up of aid both inside Afghanistan and in neighboring countries like Iran, before the deadly winter cold."

The shock victory of the Taliban as the last US troops were preparing to leave Afghanistan, prompted a mass exodus of officials and others connected with the former Western-backed government and other vulnerable Afghans.

The abrupt end to international support and the freezing of Afghan central bank assets held abroad has also pushed the country close to economic collapse, raising fears of a refugee crisis similar to the 2015 exodus from Syria that shook Europe.

Members of Taliban forces ride on a pick-up truck mounted with a weapon in Kabul, Afghanistan, October 3, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/JORGE SILVA)

Iran and Pakistan together house about 90% of the 5 million Afghans displaced outside their country, although not all of these are counted as refugees.

"We commend Iran for welcoming and hosting millions of displaced Afghans for the past four decades. But now the international community must step up to support Afghanistan’s neighbors," Egeland said.

UN agencies say as many as 22.8 million people - more than half of Afghanistan's 39 million population - are facing acute food insecurity and compared to 14 million just two months ago.

內塔尼亞胡反對派通過在阿拉伯城市建醫院的法案

來自 Sakhnin 的 Ra'am MK 的 Mazen Ghenayim 投票決定在他的城市新建一家醫院。

通過GIL HOFFMAN

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 18:18

更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 20:33

反對黨議員慶祝法案初讀通過

（照片來源：DANNY SHEMTOV/KNESSET 發言人辦公室）

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反對黨領袖本傑明·內塔尼亞胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）的反對派週三在對一項法案的初讀投票中擊敗了總理納夫塔利·貝內特（Naftali Bennett）的聯盟，該法案將啟動在阿拉伯城鎮薩赫寧建造新醫院的議案。

Ra'am（阿拉伯聯合酋長國名單）MK Mazen Ghanaim 是 Sakhnin 的前市長，他投了決定性的一票支持該法案，該法案以 51-50 獲得通過。

打算再次競選市長的加納伊姆與來自利庫德集團、沙斯、聯合托拉猶太教、聯合名單和宗教猶太復國主義黨的 MK 一起投票支持該法案，該法案由聯合名單領導人艾曼·奧德 (Ayman Odeh) 發起。即使是最右翼的 MK，Itamar Ben-Gvir，也來投票支持阿拉伯醫院。

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Ra'am 的其他三個 MK 和聯盟的其他成員投票反對該法案。在以色列議會副議長艾哈邁德·蒂比以阿拉伯語宣布該法案已通過後，利庫德集團在投票期間嘲笑來自拉姆的 MK 並鼓掌。

Odeh 告訴全體會議，他願意與衛生部長 Nitzan Horowitz 合作規劃醫院。但該法案仍需在議會委員會和全體會議上通過三次才能成為法律，這不太可能。

奧德說，該法案是糾正以色列任何阿拉伯城鎮沒有任何醫院的不公正現象的第一步。

納夫塔利·貝內特總理在法案初讀通過後（圖片來源：DANNY SHEMTOV/KNESSET SPOKESPERSON'S OFFICE）

Ben-Gvir 說他投票支持該法案，因為他不反對不反對國家的阿拉伯人，而且他反對現任政府，他希望他能盡快投票。

Ra'am 負責人 Mansour Abbas在陸軍電台解釋了他對醫院的投票，稱利庫德集團只是在進行一種憤世嫉俗的政治策略來分裂聯盟，而 Odeh 只是試圖誹謗 Ra'am。

“醫院沒有計劃，也不可能建成，”他說。

向政府提出反對該法案的環境保護部長塔馬爾·贊德伯格嘲笑利庫德集團，稱他們的政黨已經執政十二年，沒有採取任何措施建設醫院​​。

該聯盟後來在一項將煽動反對 haredim（超正統派）定為犯罪的法案上再次失去投票權。

利庫德集團中央委員會將於週四召開會議，就一項防止該黨與 Ra'am 或任何其他非猶太復國主義政黨結成聯盟的提案進行投票。該提案由前 MK Shevah Stern 發起，幾乎得到了當前所有利庫德集團 MK 的支持。

Bill to build hospital in Arab city passed by Netanyahu's opposition

Mazen Ghenayim, Ra'am MK from Sakhnin, cast the deciding vote for a new hospital in his city.

By GIL HOFFMAN

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 18:18

Updated: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 20:33

Opposition MKs celebrate the passing of the preliminary reading of a bill

(photo credit: DANNY SHEMTOV/KNESSET SPOKESPERSON'S OFFICE)

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Opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu’s opposition defeated Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s coalition on Wednesday in a vote on the preliminary reading of a bill that would initiate the construction of a new hospital in the Arab town of Sakhnin.

Ra’am (United Arab List) MK Mazen Ghanaim, who is a former mayor of Sakhnin, cast the deciding vote in favor of the bill, which passed 51-50.

Ghanaim, who intends to run for mayor again, joined with MKs from Likud, Shas, United Torah Judaism, the Joint List and the Religious Zionist Party in voting for the bill, which was sponsored by Joint List leader Ayman Odeh. Even the most right-wing MK, Itamar Ben-Gvir, came to vote for the Arab hospital.

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The other three MKs in Ra’am and the rest of the coalition voted against the bill. Likud MKs taunted the MKs from Ra’am during the vote and applauded after Deputy Knesset Speaker Ahmad Tibi announced in Arabic that the bill had passed.

Odeh told the plenum he would be willing to work with Health Minister Nitzan Horowitz in planning the hospital. But the bill would still have to pass three times in Knesset committees and in the plenum to become law, which is very unlikely.

Odeh said the bill was the first step toward correcting the injustice of there not being any hospital in any Arab town in Israel.

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett following the passing of the preliminary reading of a bill (credit: DANNY SHEMTOV/KNESSET SPOKESPERSON'S OFFICE)

Ben-Gvir said he voted for the bill, because he has nothing against Arabs who do not work against the state, and that he is against the current government, whose end he hopes he hastened with his vote.

Ra'am head Mansour Abbas explained his vote against the hospital on Army Radio, saying the Likud was just engaging in a cynical political maneuver to divide the coalition, while Odeh was just trying to malign Ra’am.

“There are no plans for the hospital and there is no chance of it being built,” he said.

Environmental Protection Minister Tamar Zandberg, who presented the government’s opposition to the bill, laughed at the Likud MKs, saying their party had been in power for twelve years and took no step whatsoever to build the hospital.

The coalition later lost another vote, on a bill designating incitement against haredim (ultra-Orthodox) as a crime.

The Likud central committee will convene on Thursday to vote on a proposal to prevent the party from ever joining a coalition with Ra’am or any other non-Zionist party. The proposal, initiated by former MK Shevah Stern, has been endorsed by nearly every current Likud MK.

高等法院可能會推遲利伯曼打擊哈雷迪補貼

高等法院命令該州解釋規則為何在年中發生變化。

作者：尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 18:06

更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 18:47

走在耶路撒冷的年輕 haredi 男子的說明照片

（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM）

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高等法院週三強烈暗示，可能會將財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼 (Avigdor Liberman) 對某些haredi 補貼的打擊推遲到下一學年。

法官 Uzi Vogelman、Ofer Grosskopf 和 A​​lex Stein 發布臨時有條件命令，告訴州政府，它需要在 14 天內解釋它有權在學年開始後更改有關 haredi 兒童保育補貼的規則的依據。

根據 Liberman 的決定，丈夫/父親在 kollel-yeshiva 環境中學習超過某個時間點但不屬於勞動力的 haredi 家庭沒有資格獲得三歲以下兒童保育的某些補貼。

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相比之下，政策變化仍將為有孩子攻讀大學學位的以色列人提供補貼。

多位律師和哈雷迪組織已針對政策轉變提出請願書，認為這是對哈雷迪姆的歧視。

財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼在內閣會議上，2021 年 11 月 7 日。（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST）

州檢察官的一名律師提出了幾個論據來支持利伯曼和經濟部長奧爾娜·巴比維 (Orna Barbivay) 做出的決定。

她指出，法官們自己也說過，任何公民都沒有獲得補貼的正式權利。

接下來，她說政策變化是在 8 月中旬正式宣布的，比標準學年 9 月 1 日開學日期早一個多星期，僅比較早的哈雷迪學年和早期托兒開始日期晚了大約 10 天。

換句話說，如果 haredi 學年比其他學校更早開始，那麼它仍然接近他們學年的開始，而不是實際上在年中，幾個月後。

此外，該州律師表示，6月中旬新政府成立時，從一開始就很直言要改變補貼政策，試圖鼓勵haredi男性加入勞動力市場。

“每個人都知道這是一個緊迫的問題，每個人都知道會有變化，”她說。

此外，州檢察官表示，7 月份就政策轉變進行了廣泛報導的公開辯論。

所有這一切都導致該州得出結論，即使提前 haredi 學年在更改生效前 10 天開始，也沒有 haredi 父母會對政策變化感到驚訝。

此外，該州表示，沒有足夠的國家監督和補貼三歲以下兒童的托兒服務，許多不同背景的父母最終將年幼的孩子送到其他更非正式和非國家監督的環境中。

她說，國家監督的托兒服務的一個特點是每年補貼的不確定性，沒有人僅僅因為前一年收到補貼就有權獲得永久補貼。

傑夫貝索斯剛剛以 1600 萬美元的價格購買了另一間曼哈頓頂層公寓由 Mansion Global 贊助

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哈雷迪家族的一位律師約納坦·費爾德曼（Yonatan Feldman）反駁了這些論點，稱利伯曼正在對哈雷迪姆進行“文化歧視”。

費爾德曼說，即使沒有補貼的權利，一旦國家決定給任何人補貼，也不能任意歧視。

法官們回應說，該州表示，向大學生提供補貼而不是向特定年齡以上的猶太學校學生提供補貼的區別並不具有歧視性，因為有證據表明，大學生更有可能在勞動力中找到工作並賺取更多收入。

此外，法官們表示，有問題的是，yeshiva 項目沒有設定畢業年限並且可以無休止地繼續下去，而大學項目有明確的學習終點——並且延伸到兒童保育補貼。

費爾德曼說，在這種情況下，解決方案是要求haredi yeshiva 計劃給出一定的年數，使yeshiva 學生可以獲得補貼，但這是至少提前一年計劃好而不是扔掉的事情。突然出來。

haredim 的另一位律師 Shmuel Machleb 向法官們表達了情感上的訴求，稱如果該政策得到實施，“20,000 個規范家庭將面臨災難”。

此外，他表示，現實世界中最有可能的結果是托兒費用會變得太高，許多加入勞動力市場的哈雷迪女性會辭去工作，留在家里處理育兒工作。

法官們似乎傾向於支持利伯曼進行改革的權力，但要求他提前通知家屬以製定計劃。

由於該問題在憲法和社會上的重大意義，高等法院採取了不尋常的措施，將整個聽證會進行了電視轉播。在過去的兩年裡，法官們已經採取了十幾次這種措施。

High Court may delay Liberman crack down on haredi subsidies

The state was ordered by the High Court of Justice to explain why rules changed mid-year.

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 18:06

Updated: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 18:47

Illustrative photo of young haredi men walking in Jerusalem

(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM)

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The High Court of Justice strongly hinted on Wednesday that it may delay Finance Minister Avigdor Liberman’s crackdown on certain haredi subsidies until the next school year.

Issuing an interim conditional order, justices Uzi Vogelman, Ofer Grosskopf and Alex Stein told the state that it needs to explain within 14 days on what basis it had the authority to change the rules regarding subsidies for haredi childcare after the school year had already started.

According to Liberman’s decision, haredi families where the husbands/fathers study in a kollel-yeshiva context past a certain point, but are not part of the workforce, are not eligible for certain subsidies for childcare under age three.

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In contrast, the policy change would still provide subsidies for Israelis with children studying for university degrees.

Multiple lawyers and haredi organizations had filed petitions against the policy shift as discriminatory against haredim.

Finance Minister Avigdor Liberman at the cabinet meeting, November 7, 2021. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)

A lawyer for the state attorney gave several arguments to support the decision made by both Liberman and Economy Minister Orna Barbivay.

She noted that the justices themselves had said that there is no formal right for any citizen to receive subsidies.

Next, she said that the policy change was formally announced in mid-August, more than a week before the standard school year start date of September 1 and only around 10 days after the earlier haredi school year and early childcare start date.

In other words, if the haredi school year had started earlier than the rest of the schools, it was still near the start of their year and not actually in the middle of the year, months later.

In addition, the state lawyer said that when the new government formed in mid-June, it was quite vocal from the start about its intent to change the subsidy policy, to try to encourage haredi men to join the workforce.

“Everyone knew this was a burning issue, and everyone knew there would be a change,” she said.

Further, the state attorney said that widely covered public debates were held about the policy shift in July.

All of this led the state to conclude that no haredi parents would have actually been surprised by the policy change, even if the early haredi school year started 10 days before the change went into effect.

Moreover, the state said that there is not enough state-overseen and subsidized childcare for children under three, and many parents of all backgrounds end up sending their younger children to other, more informal and non-state supervised contexts.

She said that a characteristic of state supervised childcare is an element of uncertainty about subsidies each year, and that no one is entitled to perpetual subsidies just because they received them the year before.

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Striking back at these arguments, one lawyer for the haredi families, Yonatan Feldman, said that Liberman was engaging in “cultural discrimination” against haredim.

Feldman said that even if there was no entitlement to subsidies, once the state decided to give subsidies to anyone, it could not arbitrarily discriminate.

The justices responded that the state said its distinction of providing subsidies to university students as opposed to yeshiva students above a certain age was not discriminatory because there was proven data that university students were more likely to find jobs in the workforce and to earn more.

Further, the justices said it was problematic that yeshiva programs have not set the term of years to graduate and could go on endlessly, whereas university programs had a clear end point for study – and by extension for the childcare subsidies.

Feldman said that in that case the solution would be to ask the haredi yeshiva programs to give a set number of years in which yeshiva students could get subsidies, but that this was something that should be well planned at least a year in advance and not tossed out suddenly.

Another lawyer for haredim, Shmuel Machleb, made an emotional appeal to the justices, saying “20,000 normative families will face disaster” if the policy is implemented.

Moreover, he said the most likely real-world result would be that childcare would become too expensive, and many haredi women who had joined the workforce would quit their jobs to stay home and handle childcare duties.

The justices appeared inclined to endorse Liberman’s power to make the reform, but to require him to give the families more advance notice to plan.

Because of the great constitutional and societal importance of the issue, the High Court took the unusual measure of having the entire hearing televised. The justices have taken this measure around a dozen times over the last two years.

IDF 的 Sufa 團隊將徹底改變戰場

在未來的衝突中，空軍軍官將成為步兵旅不可或缺的一部分。

作者：安娜·阿羅海姆

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 15:19

更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 21:03

看到以色列空軍 (IAF) 人員在戰鬥機衣架前行進。

（圖片來源：以色列國防軍發言人單位）

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上週，

以色列空軍新成立的甦法部隊的第一批部隊從軍官課程畢業，開啟了以色列軍隊空中和地面部隊合作的新高度。

這 10 名新軍官是開創性課程的第一批。

Sufa 小組隸屬於 IAF 的合作單位，是作為 IAF 與地面部隊加強合作的一部分而成立的。

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由五人組成的小組，位於每個戰鬥步兵旅中，加入戰場上的地面部隊，在戰鬥中提供火力支援和協調。

該小組包括一名指揮官、一名負責地面火力的砲兵軍官、一名管理空中火力的甦法軍官，以及來自旅的另外三名經過額外指揮和控制訓練的士兵。

以色列國防軍士兵在以色列北部參加軍事演習，以模擬與真主黨的戰爭。（信用：以色列國防軍發言人單位）

甦法軍官充當地面人員，以準確有效的方式提供空中支援，而砲兵軍官則從地面部隊提供準確的火力。

“這是一個規模小但非常有效的團隊，”印度空軍合作單位甦法部指揮官L少校說。

在訓練期間，直接從 IAF 精英飛行員課程畢業的學員將接受與步兵軍官相同的基礎訓練，並了解 IAF 和地面部隊在日常和緊急情況下的行動方式。高級培訓在 669 部隊培訓學校持續四個月。

下一個課程將於 3 月開始，在第 7 聯隊的新空中特種部隊學校進行，在那裡他們將與來自 IAF 精英 Shaldag、669 和正面登陸部隊的部隊一起學習。

到2022年，將有18支甦法小隊編入步兵旅。

L 少校希望該部隊在即將到來的衝突中發揮不可分割的作用，無論是在加沙還是在北部邊境，因為它是以色列國防軍參謀長中將的一個關鍵方面。Aviv Kohavi的 Momentum 計劃，其重點是通過跨部門運營和合作最大限度地提高運營能力。

“他們不僅會參與戰鬥，還會參與火力的作戰規劃，”他說，並補充說，由於面臨的各種不同挑戰，他們接近戰場的方式也會有所不同。

“加沙人口稠密，以色列國防軍更喜歡使用空中力量，而不是讓軍隊在內部機動。但在黎巴嫩，以色列國防軍知道他們需要讓軍隊穿越內部，戰鬥會更加複雜，特別是因為黎巴嫩和鄰國的防空系統。”

直到幾年前，地面部隊會通過攻擊直升機或戰鬥機呼叫空中支援，並且需要四個小時才能擊中目標。但是，隨著甦法小組整合到步兵旅中，空中支援需要 7 到 10 分鐘。

“他們擁有大量的火力和工具，”L 少校說，並補充說縮短了時間的是他們能夠在戰場上通過平板電腦呼叫空中支援，而無需通常軍事層級的批准。

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L. 少校說，這是一場“革命”，特別是因為師指揮官可以隨時隨地使用包括重型和精確彈藥在內的空中力量。

IDF's Sufa teams to revolutionize the battlefield

Air force officers will be an integral part of infantry brigades in future conflicts.

By ANNA AHRONHEIM

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 15:19

Updated: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 21:03

Israeli Air Force (IAF) personnel are seen marching by a fighter jet hanger.

(photo credit: IDF SPOKESPERSON'S UNIT)

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The first troops of the Israel Air Force’s newly established Sufa teams graduated from the officer’s course last week, opening up a new level of cooperation between air and ground forces of the Israeli military.

The 10 new officers are the first group from a groundbreaking course.

The Sufa teams, which are under the IAF’s Cooperation Unit, were established as part of the IAF’s increased cooperation with ground forces.

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The five-member team, placed within every combat infantry brigade, joins the ground forces on the battlefield to provide fire support and coordination while in combat.

The team includes a commander, an artillery corps officer responsible for ground fire, a Sufa officer who manages air fire, and three additional soldiers from the brigade who go through additional command and control training.

IDF soldiers are seen taking part in military drills in Israel's North to simulate a war with Hezbollah. (credit: IDF SPOKESPERSON'S UNIT)

The Sufa officer acts as the man on the ground who provides air support in an accurate and effective manner while the artillery corps officer provides accurate firepower from the ground forces.

“It’s a small but very effective team,” said Maj. L, commander of the Sufa department in the IAF Cooperation Unit.

During training, cadets who came straight from the IAF’s elite pilot’s course undergo the same basic training as infantry officers, and learn about how both the IAF and ground forces act during routine and emergency situations. The advanced training lasts for four months at the Unit 669 training school.

The next course will begin in March and take place at the 7th Wing’s new aerial Special Forces school, where they will learn alongside troops from the IAF’s elite Shaldag, 669 and Frontal Landing Units.

By 2022, there will be a total of 18 Sufa teams integrated into infantry brigades.

Maj. L expects the unit to play an inseparable role in upcoming conflicts, be it in Gaza or on the northern border as it’s a key aspect to IDF Chief of Staff Lt.-Gen. Aviv Kohavi’s Momentum plan, which focuses on maximizing operational capabilities with inter-branch operations and cooperation.

“They will take part not only in battle but in the operational planning of firepower,” he said, adding that the way that they approach the battlefield will be different due to the various different challenges they face.

“Gaza is densely packed, and the IDF prefers to use airpower rather than have troops maneuver inside. But in Lebanon, the IDF knows that they will need to have troops cross inside and the fighting will be much more complicated, especially because of the air defense systems in Lebanon and neighboring countries.”

Until a few years ago, ground forces would call in air support by attack helicopters or fighters jets and would take four hours until a target was hit. But with Sufa teams integrated into infantry brigades, air support takes between seven and 10 minutes.

“They have an arsenal of firepower and tools,” Maj. L said, adding that what has cut down the time is their ability to call for air support from a tablet while on the battlefield without needing the green light from the usual military hierarchy.

It’s a “revolution” said Maj. L., especially since division commanders have access to airpower that includes heavy and precise munitions, whenever and wherever they may be on the battlefield.

哈雷迪黨希望將以色列變成塔利班國家 - Malinovsky

UTJ 領導人 Moshe Gafni 指責 Yisrael Beytenu 是反猶太主義者。

通過GIL HOFFMAN

發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 14:50

更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 10 日 18:22

2020 年 3 月 2 日，在 Givat Shmuel 的選舉之夜，UNITED TORAH 猶太教領袖 Moshe Gafni（右）與衛生部長 Yaakov Litzman 在黨總部

（照片來源：ROY ALIMA/ FLASH 90）

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週三，財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼 (Avigdor Liberman) 的以色列拜特努黨 (Yisrael Beytenu Party) 的一名議會成員將 haredim 與阿富汗的塔利班進行了比較，這激怒了 haredi（超正統）MK 。

MK Yulia Malinovsky 受到聯合托拉猶太教領袖 Moshe Gafni 和 Ya'acov Litzman 的質問，因為她提出了她的法案，呼籲對因性別而破壞財產的人加重處罰，包括在公共汽車上刊登女性廣告。

“你想讓以色列成為塔利班國家，”馬林諾夫斯基對加夫尼喊道，以回應這些詰問。

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馬林諾夫斯基說，傷害婦女權利是塔利班用來增加權力的一種策略，並指責哈雷迪姆在以色列也這樣做。

Gafni 回應說 Yisrael Beytenu 是反猶太主義者，並且完全專注於傷害 haredim。他說，利伯曼不再是右翼，不再關心傷害哈馬斯領導人，其議程完全集中在哈雷迪姆身上。

吉迪恩·薩爾（圖片來源：Rami Zernger）

UTJ 領導人還抱怨 Gideon Sa'ar 沒有譴責 Malinovsky 將 haredim 與塔利班進行比較。他說薩爾應該更清楚，這被認為是對薩爾的女兒、女演員阿羅娜薩爾的提及，與一位哈雷迪男人、電視名人梅萊赫齊爾伯什拉格約會。

該法案在初讀時以 49 票對 33 票獲得通過。利庫德集團的大多數女性都沒有參加投票。

Haredi party wants to turn Israel into Taliban state - Malinovsky

UTJ leader Moshe Gafni accused Yisrael Beytenu of being antisemitic.

By GIL HOFFMAN

Published: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 14:50

Updated: NOVEMBER 10, 2021 18:22

UNITED TORAH Judaism leader Moshe Gafni (right) with health minister Yaakov Litzman in party headquarters on election night, in Givat Shmuel on March 2, 2020

(photo credit: ROY ALIMA/ FLASH 90)

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A Knesset member in Finance Minister Avigdor Liberman’s Yisrael Beytenu Party enraged haredi (ultra-Orthodox) MKs on Wednesday, when she compared haredim to the Taliban in Afghanistan.

MK Yulia Malinovsky was heckled by United Torah Judaism leaders Moshe Gafni and Ya’acov Litzman as she presented her bill calling for increased punishments for those guilty of destroying property due to gender, including ads on buses featuring women.

“You want to make Israel into a Taliban state,” Malinovsky shouted at Gafni in response to the heckling.

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Malinovsky said harming the rights of women was a tactic used by the Taliban to increase its power, and accused the haredim of doing the same in Israel.

Gafni responded that Yisrael Beytenu is antisemitic and [is] focused entirely on harming the haredim. He said Liberman is no longer right-wing and no longer cares about harming the leaders of Hamas, and has an agenda focused entirely on the haredim.

Gideon Sa'ar (credit: Rami Zernger)

The UTJ leader also complained that Gideon Sa’ar did not condemn Malinovsky’s comparison of haredim to the Taliban. He said Sa’ar should have known better, in what was seen as a reference to Sa’ar’s daughter, actress Alona Saar, dating a haredi man, TV personality Melech Zilbershlag.

The bill was advanced in its preliminary reading by a 49 to 33 vote. Most of the women in the Likud absented themselves from the vote.

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