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Share 2021.11.18 國際新聞導讀-烏干達首都發生自殺炸彈攻擊、輝瑞新藥物將低價向95個中低收入國家提供、以色列約旦將進行能源與水的合作協議、土耳其里拉大幅貶值可能促使土國對外軍事冒險以轉移國民焦點、巴勒斯坦外援減少迫使考慮改變優渥支助囚犯家屬的政策、
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2021.11.18 國際新聞導讀-烏干達首都發生自殺炸彈攻擊、輝瑞新藥物將低價向95個中低收入國家提供、以色列約旦將進行能源與水的合作協議、土耳其里拉大幅貶值可能促使土國對外軍事冒險以轉移國民焦點、巴勒斯坦外援減少迫使考慮改變優渥支助囚犯家屬的政策、
2021.11.18 國際新聞導讀-烏干達首都發生自殺炸彈攻擊、輝瑞新藥物將低價向95個中低收入國家提供、以色列約旦將進行能源與水的合作協議、土耳其里拉大幅貶值可能促使土國對外軍事冒險以轉移國民焦點、巴勒斯坦外援減少迫使考慮改變優渥支助囚犯家屬的政策、
烏干達首都爆炸至少造成兩人死亡 - 當地電視台
兩枚炸彈在坎帕拉爆炸，一枚非常靠近烏干達議會，一枚靠近中央警察局。當地媒體報導議會已被疏散
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目擊者和警方稱，烏干達首都中心地帶的三名自殺式炸彈襲擊者炸死了至少三名平民，附近的汽車起火時，議員們紛紛趕去尋找掩護，這是過去一個月發生的一系列爆炸事件中的最新一起。
警方發言人弗雷德·埃南加說，穆拉戈醫院至少有 33 人正在接受治療，其中 5 人情況危急。
沒有立即要求承擔責任。與基地組織有關聯的索馬里叛亂組織青年黨在烏干達發動了致命襲擊。上個月，與伊斯蘭國結盟的民主同盟軍（ADF）在烏干達發動了第一次襲擊。
“我們的情報還表明，這些是與 ADF 有關聯的國內恐怖組織，”Enanga 說。
爆炸——第一次發生在中央警察局附近，第二次發生在離議會很近的地方——當一股白煙從市中心升起時，血腥的辦公室工作人員在碎玻璃碎片上爭先恐後地尋找掩護。
2021 年 11 月 16 日，烏干達坎帕拉，一名婦女在爆炸現場附近做出反應時得到幫助（圖片來源：REUTERS/ABUBAKER LUBOWA）
Enanga 說，一名自殺式炸彈襲擊者在警察局檢查站附近進行了第一次爆炸，造成兩人死亡。然後兩名騎摩托車的自殺式炸彈襲擊者引爆，炸死一人。
28 歲的銀行警衛彼得·奧盧波特 (Peter Olupot) 在議會附近的襲擊事件附近告訴路透社：“像大槍發出的隆隆聲響起。地面震動，我的耳朵幾乎聾了。”
“我看到一輛汽車著火了，每個人都在奔跑，驚慌失措。我看到了一個 boda boda（摩托車）人——他的頭被砸碎，滿是血。”
邁克爾杰克遜的“夢幻島”以 3100 萬美元重新上市——或 70% 的折扣由 Mansion Global 贊助
一名路透社記者在現場看到警察警戒線後被燒毀的汽車，當地電視台 NTV Uganda 的一名記者說，他在街上看到兩具屍體。
烏干達紅十字會發言人艾琳·納卡西塔 (Irene Nakasiita) 表示，他們將稍後發布有關爆炸事件的信息。
作為聯合國支持的非洲聯盟維和部隊的一部分，烏干達士兵正在索馬里與青年黨作戰。青年黨在烏干達的爆炸事件包括 2010 年的一次襲擊，造成 70 名觀看世界杯的人喪生。
上個月，ADF 首次聲稱對烏干達發生的爆炸事件負責 - 裝有彈片 - 炸死了一家餐館的一名女服務員。
同樣在上個月，烏干達警方表示，一名自殺式炸彈襲擊者炸毀了一輛公共汽車，自殺並傷及他人。他的隸屬關係尚不清楚。
ADF 最初由烏干達穆斯林建立，但現在他們的主要基地位於與烏干達接壤的剛果民主共和國森林覆蓋的山區。
ADF 和青年黨都經常使用爆炸裝置，並被指控殺害了數千名平民。
Explosion in Uganda capital kills at least two - local TV
Two bombs exploded in Kampala, one very close to the Ugandan parliament and one near the central police station. Local media reported that Parliament had been evacuated
By REUTERS
Smoke rises near the blast area, in Kampala, Uganda, November 16, 2021, in this still image obtained from a social media video.
(photo credit: SSENYONYO UMARU/VIA REUTERS)
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Three suicide bombers in the heart of Uganda's capital killed at least three civilians and sent parliamentarians rushing for cover as nearby cars burst into flames, witnesses and police said, the latest in a string of bombings over the past month.
At least 33 people were being treated at Mulago Hospital, including five people in critical condition, police spokesperson Fred Enanga said.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility. The al Qaeda-linked Somali insurgent group al Shabaab has carried out deadly attacks in Uganda. Last month another group, the Islamic State-aligned Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), claimed its first attack in Uganda.
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"Our intelligence also indicates that these are domestic terror groups that are linked to ADF," said Enanga.
The explosions - the first near the central police station and the second very close to parliament - sent bloodied office workers scrambling for cover over shards of broken glass as a plume of white smoke rose above the downtown area.
A woman is assisted as she reacts near the scene of a blast in Kampala, Uganda November 16, 2021 (credit: REUTERS/ABUBAKER LUBOWA)
A single suicide bomber carried out the first blast near the checkpoint at the police station, which killed two people, Enanga said. Then two suicide bombers on motorbikes detonated, killing one other person.
"A booming sound like that from a big gun went off. The ground shook, my ears nearly went deaf," Peter Olupot, a 28-year-old bank guard who was near the attack near parliament, told Reuters.
"I saw a vehicle on fire and everyone was running and panicking. I saw a boda boda (motorcycle) man - his head was smashed and covered in blood."
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A Reuters journalist saw burned cars behind a police cordon at the scene and a reporter with local television station NTV Uganda said he saw two bodies in the street.
Irene Nakasiita, spokesperson at the Uganda Red Cross, said they would release information about the blasts later.
Ugandan soldiers are fighting al Shabaab in Somalia as part of an U.N.-backed African Union peacekeeping force. Al Shabaab's bombings in Uganda include a 2010 attack that killed 70 people watching the World Cup.
Last month, the ADF made its first claim of responsibility for a blast in Uganda with a bomb - packed with shrapnel - that killed a waitress at a restaurant.
Also last month, Ugandan police said a suicide bomber had blown up a bus, killing himself and injuring others. His affiliation was unclear.
The ADF was originally established by Ugandan Muslims but now have their main bases in the forested mountains of the Democratic Republic of Congo, which borders Uganda.
Both the ADF and al Shabaab frequently use explosive devices and have been accused of killing thousands of civilians.
以色列，約旦簽署由阿聯酋調解的能源和水協議
該協議旨在幫助以色列和約旦應對氣候變化的挑戰。
通過LAHAV哈爾科夫
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 14:03
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 20:43
Zofar海水淡化廠
（圖片來源：AMIHAI SANDE）
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以色列和約旦定於下週在阿拉伯聯合酋長國簽署能源和水領域的合作協議，並幫助進行調解。
該協議指出，以色列和約旦將相互幫助應對氣候變化的挑戰。
以色列同意考慮建設指定海水淡化廠，以全價向約旦出口更多水，約旦將考慮在約旦沙漠建設太陽能場，向缺乏開放空間的以色列出口清潔能源，並進行測試太陽能存儲解決方案。
能源部長 Karin Elharrar 將於週一與約旦水利部長 Mohammed al-Najjar 以及調解人美國氣候問題特使約翰克里和阿聯酋氣候變化特使蘇丹阿爾賈比爾一起簽署該協議。國家安全顧問 Eyal Hulata 以及其他約旦和阿聯酋部長也將參加儀式。
能源協議基於水和能源聯繫，這是一個中東生態和平項目，匯集了以色列、巴勒斯坦和約旦的環境專家和活動家。
位於以色列南部的 55 兆瓦太陽能發電廠。（來源：MOSHE SHAI/FLASH90）
該組織表示，該項目旨在採用“可持續的……方法來應對氣候變化的影響及其潛在的負面安全影響，同時為該地區的水資源短缺提供解決方案。”
EcoPeace Middle East 將該提案與歐洲煤鋼共同體進行了比較，後者是二戰後歐盟的前身，它稱其為“建立一個更和平的歐洲的支柱”。
該組織寫道：“水和能源樞紐可能成為一個更加和平和可持續的黎凡特的支柱。”
Israel, Jordan to sign UAE-mediated energy and water agreement
The agreement is meant to help Israel and Jordan deal with the challenges of climate change.
By LAHAV HARKOV
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 14:03
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 20:43
Zofar desalination plant
(photo credit: AMIHAI SANDE)
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Israel and Jordan are set next week to sign a cooperation agreement in the areas of energy and water in the United Arab Emirates, which it helped mediate.
The agreement states that Israel and Jordan will help each other deal with the challenges of climate change.
Israel agreed to examine the possible construction of a designated desalination plant to export more water to Jordan at full price, and Jordan will consider building a solar field in the desert in Jordan to export clean energy to Israel, which lacks open space, and to test solar energy storage solutions.
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Energy Minister Karin Elharrar is set to sign the agreement on Monday, along with Jordanian Water Minister Mohammed al-Najjar, and the mediators, US Special Envoy for Climate John Kerry and Emirati Climate Change Envoy Sultan Al Jaber. National Security Adviser Eyal Hulata will also take part in the ceremony, as well as other Jordanian and Emirati ministers.
The energy agreement is based on the Water and Energy Nexus, a project of EcoPeace Middle East, which brings together Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian environmental experts and activists.
A 55-MEGAWATT solar power plant in Israel's south. (credit: MOSHE SHAI/FLASH90)
The organization said the project aims for a “sustainable… approach to counter the effects of climate change and its potential negative security implications, while providing solutions to water scarcity in the region.”
EcoPeace Middle East compared the proposal to the European Coal and Steel Community, a post-World War II precursor to the European Union, which it called “the backbone to the creation of a more peaceful Europe.”
“The Water and Energy Nexus could be the backbone to a more peaceful and sustainable Levant,” the organization wrote.
輝瑞公司申請 COVID-19 藥丸的美國授權
這種口服藥物可能是抗擊大流行的一種很有前途的新武器，因為它可以作為一種早期的家庭治療方法。
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發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 00:13
說明照片顯示了 2019 年 8 月 9 日在比利時布魯塞爾的原始包裝中的各種藥丸。
（圖片來源：REUTERS/YVES HERMAN）
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輝瑞公司週二表示，它正在尋求美國對其實驗性抗病毒 COVID-19藥丸的授權，該藥丸在臨床試驗中將面臨嚴重疾病風險的成年人住院或死亡的機率降低 89%。
輝瑞表示已完成向美國食品和藥物管理局提交藥物 Paxlovid 緊急使用授權 (EUA) 的申請，其中包括該製藥商的臨床試驗數據。
這種口服藥物可能是抗擊大流行的一種很有前途的新武器，因為它可以作為一種早期的家庭治療來幫助預防 COVID-19 住院和死亡。它也可能成為疫苗獲取有限或疫苗接種率低的國家和地區的重要工具。
目前尚不清楚美國監管機構何時會對輝瑞的申請作出裁決。Merck & Co 和 Ridgeback Biotherapeutics 正在開發一種競爭藥丸 molnupiravir，它們於 10 月 11 日完成了他們的 EUA 提交。
FDA 的外部顧問小組將於 11 月 30 日開會審議該申請。預計將於今年推出。
儘管總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡 (Benjamin Netanyahu) 吹捧了他與輝瑞 (Pfizer) 首席執行官阿爾伯特·布爾 (Albert Bourla) 的密切關係（4 月 23 日），但 Levy 還是簽署了第一份 800 萬劑藥物的合同。（來源：JOHN THYS/POOL VIA REUTERS）
“我們正在盡快採取行動，努力將這種潛在的治療方法交到患者手中，我們期待與美國 FDA 以及世界各地的其他監管機構合作審查我們的申請，”輝瑞（Pfizer）首席執行官阿爾伯特·布爾拉 (Albert Bourla) 在新聞稿中說。
輝瑞發言人表示，該公司提交的數據來自對未接種疫苗的高風險參與者進行的藥物測試。該FDA將在誰的藥品將被指示，以及它如何被使用的最終決定。
這家總部位於紐約的製藥商表示，已開始在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和韓國等多個國家/地區尋求治療授權，併計劃進一步提交國際申請。
輝瑞曾表示，預計到下月底將生產 180,000 個療程，到 2022 年底將生產至少 5000 萬個療程。
該公司週二早些時候表示，將通過與國際公共衛生組織藥物專利池 (MPP) 的許可協議，允許仿製藥製造商向 95 個中低收入國家供應其 COVID-19 藥丸。
Pfizer files for US authorization of COVID-19 pill
The oral drug could be a promising new weapon in the fight against the pandemic, as it can be taken as an early at-home treatment.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 00:13
Illustrative photo shows various medicine pills in their original packaging in Brussels, Belgium August 9, 2019.
(photo credit: REUTERS/YVES HERMAN)
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Pfizer Inc said on Tuesday it is seeking US authorization of its experimental antiviral COVID-19 pill that cut the chance of hospitalization or death for adults at risk of severe disease by 89% in a clinical trial.
Pfizer said it completed submission of its application for emergency use authorization (EUA) of the drug, Paxlovid, with the US Food and Drug Administration, including data from the drugmaker's clinical trial.
The oral drug could be a promising new weapon in the fight against the pandemic, as it can be taken as an early at-home treatment to help prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. It could also become an important tool in countries and areas with limited access to vaccines or low vaccination rates.
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It is not immediately clear when US regulators will rule on Pfizer's application. Merck & Co and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, which are developing a competing pill, molnupiravir, completed their EUA submission on Oct. 11.
A panel of outside advisers to the FDA will meet to consider that application on Nov. 30. It is expected to be available this year.
THOUGH PRIME MINISTER Benjamin Netanyahu has touted his close relationship with Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla (on April 23), Levy was the one to sign the first contract for eight million doses. (credit: JOHN THYS/POOL VIA REUTERS)
"We are moving as quickly as possible in our effort to get this potential treatment into the hands of patients, and we look forward to working with the US FDA on its review of our application, along with other regulatory agencies around the world," Pfizer Chief Executive Albert Bourla said in a news release.
A Pfizer spokesperson said that the data the company is submitting came from testing the medicine on unvaccinated, high-risk participants. The
FDA will make the final decision on who the drug will be indicated for and how it can be used.
The New York-based drugmaker said it has begun the process of seeking authorization of the treatment in several countries including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Korea, and plans further international submissions.
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Pfizer has said it expects to manufacture 180,000 treatment courses by the end of next month and at least 50 million courses by the end of 2022.
The company earlier on Tuesday said it will allow generic manufacturers to supply its COVID-19 pill to 95 low- and middle-income countries through a licensing agreement with the international public health group Medicines Patent Pool (MPP).
Frej 說，巴勒斯坦權力機構可能會廢除“付費殺戮”
以色列的政策是懲罰巴勒斯坦權力機構為恐怖分子家屬提供津貼，以色列稱其為“殺人償命”。
作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 13:52
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 20:19
區域合作部長 Esawi Frej 在 2021 年 11 月 17 日於奧斯陸舉行的特設聯絡委員會 (AHLC) 會議上。
（照片來源：禮貌）
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週三上午，區域合作部長埃薩維·弗雷傑 (Esawi Frej) 告訴以色列電台，巴勒斯坦權力機構可能會取消其向被監禁的恐怖分子和殺害以色列人的恐怖分子家屬提供每月津貼的政策。
“我相信在接下來的幾個月裡，這個 [PA] 政策將會改變，”Frej 說，並補充說將創建一個不同的機制，每個人都可以接受。這是對過去建議動搖巴勒斯坦權力機構改變其支付方式的暗示，現在這種方式為那些犯下最嚴重恐怖襲擊的人提供了最大的經濟獎勵，而對那些只是輕微參與恐怖活動的人提供了最少的獎勵。
國際社會更希望為被以色列監禁的巴勒斯坦人提供一種社會福利制度，該制度僅根據經濟需要提供公平的報酬。
Frej 在星期三在奧斯陸舉行的特設聯絡委員會 (AHLC) 會議之前發表了講話。這是一個由 15 名成員組成的機構，由挪威擔任主席，每年至少召開兩次會議，以監督對巴勒斯坦人的捐助資金。
部長率領以色列代表團前往 AHLC，其中包括來自外交部、經濟部和國防部的代表。
區域合作部長 Esawi Frej。（來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/耶路撒冷郵報）
在 AHLC 會議之前，世界銀行和聯合國中東和平進程特別協調員辦公室 [UNSCO] 發布了關於巴勒斯坦權力機構可怕的金融危機的報告，警告說它今年面臨 13.6 億美元的赤字，可能不會能夠支付其工資。
世界銀行強調的問題之一是過去 13 年捐助資金減少了 85%，從 2008 年的 12 億美元降至今年的 1.84 億美元。
這兩份報告都反對以色列懲罰巴勒斯坦權力機構支付恐怖款項的政策，以色列稱其為“殺人償命”。
以色列從其代表巴勒斯坦權力機構收取的稅費中向拉馬拉收取這筆款項，每月約 5,000 萬新謝克爾。8 月，以色列將其扣繳的金額增加到每月 1 億新謝克爾。但鑑於巴勒斯坦權力機構的財務困境，以色列在秋季向巴勒斯坦權力機構提供了 5 億新謝克爾的貸款，以抵消其扣留的資金。
在奧斯陸，Frej 計劃要求參加 AHLC 的捐助國恢復對 PA 的資助。星期三早上，以色列電台向他詢問了以色列政策的差異，該政策既懲罰巴勒斯坦權力機構的殺戮，又幫助其實現財務穩定。
Frej 說，加強巴勒斯坦經濟符合以色列的利益。“這裡沒有人幫任何人任何好處，”他說。
Frej補充說，他相信情況會改變。“我看到巴勒斯坦人希望改變這種情況，”他說，並補充說美國也在努力解決這個問題。“他們也因此沒有發放資金，”他說。
UNSCO 在向 AHLC 提交的報告中還表示，“巴勒斯坦權力機構正在權衡解決所謂‘囚犯付款’問題的方案。”
它解釋說，這些付款“極大地使巴勒斯坦與以色列和主要捐助者的關係複雜化。國際技術援助可以幫助巴勒斯坦權力機構加強其針對最脆弱的巴勒斯坦家庭的現有現金轉移計劃。”
週一，巴勒斯坦權力機構總理穆罕默德·施泰耶告訴內閣，他無意在這個問題上讓步，並補充說他將向捐助國施壓，迫使以色列停止稅收減免。
Shtayyeh 週二抵達奧斯陸，與 Frej 進行了私下會面。作為 AHLC 討論的一部分，兩人還計劃於週三公開會面。
Frej 還會見了巴勒斯坦權力機構財政部長 Shuki Bishara 和挪威外交部長 Anniken Huitfeldt。
在 AHLC 期間，Frej 還打算談論使以色列與四個阿拉伯國家之間關係正常化的亞伯拉罕協議也可以使巴勒斯坦經濟受益的方式。
FREJ 還願意調整 1994 年的《巴黎議定書》，該議定書規定了以色列和巴勒斯坦權力機構之間的財務安排，以更好地適應 2021 年的情況。
這將是自協議簽署以來的第一次此類更改。
區域合作部長 Esawi Frej 在 2021 年 11 月 17 日在奧斯陸舉行的特設聯絡委員會 (AHLC) 會議上。（圖片來源：DEEPIKA RAI）
在周三的會議之前，Huitfeldt 樂觀地談到了這次活動，並指出過去幾個月以色列和巴勒斯坦官員之間已經發生的接觸創造了更好的氛圍，從而可以在經濟問題上取得進展。
“雙方之間的持續接觸創造了一種新的、更積極的動力。雙方正在尋求重振合作，特別是與經貿相關的合作，”她說。
“這對於加強巴勒斯坦經濟，滿足基本需求，尤其是在加沙，並降低暴力進一步升級的風險至關重要，”Huitfeldt 說。
“巴勒斯坦的經濟受到冠狀病毒大流行的沉重打擊，”她說。“貧困和失業率正在上升。以色列和巴勒斯坦武裝團體 5 月份在加沙地帶的暴力升級給平民帶來了進一步的苦難。”
外交部長補充說，儘管加沙暴力事件沒有重演，但那里和西岸的局勢仍然緊張。
“我擔心衝突可能很快再次爆發，我敦促各方保持克制，”她說。
AHLC 由歐盟、聯合國、國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行、巴勒斯坦權力機構、美國、俄羅斯、挪威、日本、沙特阿拉伯、加拿大、以色列、約旦、埃及和突尼斯組成。
然而，據挪威稱，有 30 個國家和實體參加了周三在奧斯陸舉行的會議。
Palestinian Authority likely to abolish pay-for-slay, Frej says
Israel has a policy of penalizing the Palestinian Authority for stipends for the families of terrorists, which Israel has dubbed, "pay-for-slay."
By TOVAH LAZAROFF
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 13:52
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 20:19
Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej at the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) meeting in Oslo, November 17, 2021.
(photo credit: Courtesy)
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The Palestinian Authority is likely to abolish its policy of providing monthly stipends to jailed terrorists and the families of terrorists who have killed Israelis, Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej told Israel Radio on Wednesday morning.
"I believe that in the coming months this [PA] policy will change," Frej said, adding that a different mechanism would be created that would be acceptable to everyone. It was an allusion to past proposals to sway the PA to change its method of payment, which now provides the largest financial reward for those who have committed the most serious terror attack and the least reward for those only marginally involved in terror.
The international community would prefer a social welfare system for Palestinians jailed by Israel that provided equitable payments based solely on financial needs.
Frej spoke prior to Wednesday's meeting of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) meeting in Oslo. It's a 15-member body chaired by Norway that meets at least twice a year to oversee donor funding to the Palestinians.
The minister heads the Israeli delegation to the AHLC that includes representatives from the Foreign, Economic and Defense ministries.
Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
In advance of the AHLC meeting, the World Bank and the Office of the UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process [UNSCO] published reports about the PA's dire financial crisis, warning that it faced a $1.36 billion deficit this year and may not be able to meet its salary payments.
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AMONG THE issues highlighted by the World Bank is an 85% drop in donor funding over the last 13 years, from $1.2 billion in 2008 to $184 million this year.
Both reports spoke against Israel's policy of penalizing the PA for the terror payments, which Israel has dubbed, "pay-for-slay."
Israel withholds that sum, some NIS 50 million a month, from its transfer to Ramallah of the tax fees it collects on behalf of the PA. In August, Israel increased the sums it withholds to NIS 100 million monthly. But in light of the PA's financial distress, Israel in the fall provided the PA with a NIS 500 million loan to offset the money it had withheld.
In Oslo, Frej plans to ask donor countries that attend the AHLC to restore funding to the PA. On Wednesday morning, Israel radio quizzed him about the discrepancy in Israel's policy, which both penalizes the PA for pay-for-slay but helps it attain financial stability.
It's in Israel's interest to strengthen the Palestinian economy, Frej said. "No one is doing anyone any favors here," he said.
Frej added that he believed the situation would change. "I see there is a desire among the Palestinians to change this situation," he said, adding that the US is working on this issue as well. "They are also not releasing money because of this," he said.
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UNSCO in its report to the AHLC also said that the "PA is weighing options for resolving the so-called 'prisoners payments' issue."
It explained that these payments "greatly complicate Palestinian relations with Israel and key donors. International technical assistance could help the PA instead strengthen its existing cash transfer program that targets the most vulnerable Palestinian households."
ON MONDAY, PA Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh told his cabinet that he had no intention of backing down on this issue, adding that he would press donor countries to pressure Israel to halt its tax deductions.
Shtayyeh, who arrived in Oslo on Tuesday, had a private meeting with Frej. The two are also scheduled to meet publicly on Wednesday, as part of the AHLC discussions.
Frej has also met with PA Finance Minister Shuki Bishara and Norwegian Foreign Minister Anniken Huitfeldt.
While at the AHLC Frej also intends to speak of ways that the Abraham Accords, which normalize ties between Israel and four Arab countries, can also benefit the Palestinian economy.
FREJ IS also open to adapting the 1994 Paris Protocol that governs the financial arrangements between Israeli and the PA to better accommodate the situation in 2021.
It would be the first such change since the protocol was signed.
Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej at the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) meeting in Oslo, November 17, 2021. (credit: DEEPIKA RAI)
In advance of the Wednesday meeting, Huitfeldt spoke optimistically of the event, noting that contacts that had already occurred between Israeli and Palestinian officials in the last months had created a better atmosphere by which progress could be made on economic issues.
"The ongoing contact between the parties has created a new, more positive dynamic. The parties are seeking to revitalize their cooperation, particularly cooperation relating to the economy and trade," she said.
"This is crucial in order to strengthen the Palestinian economy, meet basic needs, especially in Gaza, and reduce the risk of further escalations of violence,’ Huitfeldt said.
"The economy in Palestine has been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic," she said. "Poverty and unemployment are on the rise. The escalation of violence between Israel and Palestinian armed groups in Gaza in May brought further suffering to the civilian population."
The foreign minister added that although Gaza violence has not renewed, the situation both there and in the West Bank remains tense.
"I am concerned that the conflict could quickly flare up again, and I urge all parties to show restraint,’ she said.
The AHLC is composed of the EU, the UN, the IMF, the World Bank, the PA, the US, Russia, Norway, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Tunisia.
According to Norway, however, there are 30 countries and entities participating in Wednesday's meeting in Oslo.
巴勒斯坦人在無政府狀態日益嚴重的情況下擔心“內戰”
在過去的幾天裡，由於學生和敵對部落之間的校園暴力衝突，四所大學被關閉。
由哈利·阿布·托梅
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 17:25
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 21:08
在約旦河西岸城市傑寧，在與以色列安全部隊的槍戰中一夜之間死亡的巴勒斯坦警察泰西爾·伊薩 (Tayseer Issa) 的葬禮上，蒙面的巴勒斯坦人拿著槍
（圖片來源：NASSER ISHTAYEH/FLASH90）
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週三，在約旦河西岸某些地區的無政府狀態和暴力事件增多的情況下，巴勒斯坦權力機構在執行法律和秩序方面做得不夠。
巴勒斯坦平民警告說，暴力可能導致“內戰”，尤其是希伯倫和約旦河西岸北部的大型部落和武裝團伙之間。
在過去的幾天裡，由於學生和敵對部落之間的校園暴力衝突，四所大學被關閉。
耶路撒冷南部阿布迪斯的聖城大學在附近村莊 Al-Sawahreh 的蒙面槍手向學生和講師的汽車開火後關閉。槍擊事件與大學附近停車場的糾紛有關。
拉馬拉以北的比爾澤特大學在屬於與法塔赫有關聯的敵對團體的學生之間發生暴力衝突後關閉。
拉馬拉附近的比爾時代大學（圖片來源：FLICKR）
週二，希伯倫大學和希伯倫的巴勒斯坦理工大學在屬於不和氏族的學生之間爆發了暴力鬥毆後關閉。
此外，數十間房屋、企業和商店被縱火，尤其是在希伯倫，在過去一周，蒙面槍手一直在那裡進行巷戰。
大多數槍手屬於 Ja'bari 和 Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh 部族。
“希伯倫的局勢非常危險，”希伯倫最大部族之一的領導人阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜·蓋斯 (Abdel Wahab Gheith) 說。“我們認為巴勒斯坦權力機構對希伯倫的安全混亂負責。”
蓋思指出，上個月訪問希伯倫的巴勒斯坦權力機構總理穆罕默德·施泰耶承諾將在該市部署數百名警察以維持法律和秩序。
“巴勒斯坦權力機構向希伯倫派遣了 500 名軍官，局勢平靜了近一個月，”蓋斯說。“我們晚上不再聽到槍聲。但我們驚訝地發現，這些軍官後來被重新部署到傑寧地區。”
在希伯倫的巴勒斯坦權力機構內閣召開緊急會議討論結束敵對部族之間暴力衝突的方法後，這些軍官被派往希伯倫。
本週早些時候，Ja'bari 和 Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh 部族之間的戰鬥重新開始。至少有四人受傷。該市消息人士稱，20 多棟房屋、車輛和企業被縱火焚燒。
Ja'baris 指責敵對部族的一名成員是兩個月前殺害出租車司機 Basel Ja'bari 的幕後黑手。他們聲稱巴勒斯坦權力機構沒有採取任何措施來懲罰肇事者。
“每天晚上，都有數十名槍手在希伯倫各地交火，”希伯倫商人海瑟姆·拉賈比 (Haitham Rajabi) 說。“街頭沒有巴勒斯坦安全部隊的存在。這表明巴勒斯坦權力機構要么無法控制局勢，要么不想這樣做。”
他的部落首領之一艾哈邁德·賈巴里聲稱，許多槍手和罪犯都與巴勒斯坦權力機構執政的法塔赫派係有關聯。
“法塔赫控制著巴勒斯坦安全部隊，”他說。“這意味著，那些在夜間恐嚇希伯倫居民的暴徒和罪犯，在白天都是同樣的執法者。”
據賈巴里說，敵對部族使用的一些武器屬於巴勒斯坦權力機構安全部隊。
賈巴里透露，希伯倫一些部族的首領已呼籲阿卜杜拉國王派遣約旦軍隊前往該市以停止戰鬥和暴力。
“通過呼籲約旦國王，我們試圖向巴勒斯坦權力機構發出一個信息，即它必須立即進行干預以恢復法律和秩序，”他補充說。“這是一個旨在促使巴勒斯坦領導人在為時已晚之前醒來的信息。我們這些天目睹的是一場真正的內戰。”
與此同時，暴力事件已蔓延到西岸的其他地區，巴勒斯坦人也指責巴勒斯坦權力機構未能執行法律和秩序。
在傑寧地區發生了幾起事件，哈馬斯和巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭聖戰組織（PIJ）在該地區有強大的存在。
傑寧的消息人士稱，上週在傑寧附近的 Al-Sileh Al-Harthiyeh 村，巴勒斯坦權力機構安全人員與身份不明的槍手之間爆發了武裝衝突，並補充說沒有人員傷亡。
本週早些時候，巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯解雇了傑寧的巴勒斯坦安全部隊指揮官。此舉是在包括哈馬斯和 PIJ 槍手在內的數千名巴勒斯坦人參加了上週死於 COVID-19 的哈馬斯高級官員瓦斯菲卡巴哈的葬禮之後做出的。
許多巴勒斯坦人認為，傑寧街頭的大量投票和蒙面槍手的存在是對阿巴斯和巴勒斯坦權力機構領導層的直接挑戰。哈馬斯領導人吹噓說，大量投票表明他們在西岸的團體及其意識形態得到了越來越多的支持。
一些巴勒斯坦人相信，巴勒斯坦權力機構對採取嚴厲措施結束暴力並不真正感興趣。
“只要暴力不是針對巴勒斯坦權力機構，你就不會看到嚴厲打擊那些應對無政府狀態負責的人，”傑寧居民埃馬德納賽爾說。“巴勒斯坦民族權力機構知道，當由數千人組成的部族選擇相互爭鬥時，它的手就束手無策了。追捕那些實施武裝搶劫和參與販毒的人要比找一個龐大而強大的家族惹麻煩要容易得多，後者的成員甚至可能在巴勒斯坦權力機構及其安全部隊擔任高級職務。”
巴勒斯坦獨立人權委員會（ICHR）表示，它嚴重關切希伯倫再次發生混亂和不安全的情況。
該組織表示，最近在該市及其周邊地區發生的衝突中使用了槍支和機槍。
ICHR在一份聲明中說：“這些令人遺憾的事件植根於根深蒂固的社會背景，符合復仇價值觀以及行動和反應的原則，必須結束。”
“他們嚴重危害社會結構和社區安全。這些罪行還損害公民的基本權利和自由，造成財產損失，否定法治，並使集體懲罰合法化，將法律掌握在自己手中。”
ICHR 呼籲巴勒斯坦權力機構採取必要措施保護巴勒斯坦人的生命和財產。
它還呼籲它以公平公正的方式執行法治，防止武器擴散並沒收所有非法槍支。•
Palestinians fear ‘civil war’ amid growing anarchy
In the past few days, four universities were shut due to violent clashes on campuses between students and rival clans.
By KHALED ABU TOAMEH
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 17:25
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 21:08
Masked Palestinians hold their guns during the funeral of Palestinian police officer Tayseer Issa, who died overnight during a shootout with Israeli security forces, in the West Bank city of Jenin
(photo credit: NASSER ISHTAYEH/FLASH90)
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Charges that the Palestinian Authority was not doing enough to enforce law and order, amid increased scenes of anarchy and violence in some parts of the West Bank, emerged Wednesday.
Palestinian civilians warned that the violence could lead to “civil war,” especially between large clans and armed gangs in Hebron and the northern West Bank.
In the past few days, four universities were shuttered due to violent clashes on campuses between students and rival clans.
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Al-Quds University in Abu Dis, south of Jerusalem, closed after masked gunmen from the nearby village of Al-Sawahreh opened fire at cars belonging to students and lecturers. The shooting is connected to a dispute over a parking lot near the university.
Bir Zeit University, north of Ramallah, closed following violent clashes between students belonging to rival Fatah-affiliated groups.
Bir Zeit University near Ramallah (credit: FLICKR)
On Tuesday, Hebron University and the Palestine Polytechnic University in Hebron closed after violent brawls erupted between students belonging to feuding clans.
In addition, dozens of houses, businesses and shops were set alight, especially in Hebron, where masked gunmen have been engaged in street fighting over the past week.
Most of the gunmen belong to the Ja’bari and Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh clans.
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“The situation in Hebron is very dangerous,” said Abdel Wahab Gheith, a leader of one of Hebron’s largest clans. “We hold the Palestinian Authority responsible for the security chaos in Hebron.”
Gheith pointed out that PA Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh, who visited Hebron last month, promised to deploy hundreds of police officers in the city to maintain law and order.
“The Palestinian Authority sent 500 officers to Hebron and the situation was calm for nearly one month,” Gheith said. “We stopped hearing gunfire at night. But we were surprised to see that the officers were later redeployed to the Jenin area.”
The officers were dispatched to Hebron after an emergency meeting of the PA cabinet in Hebron to discuss ways of ending violent clashes between rival clans.
Earlier this week, the fighting between the Ja’bari and Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh clans resumed. At least four people were injured. Sources in the city said that more than 20 houses, vehicles and businesses were torched.
The Ja’baris accuse a member of the rival clan of being behind the killing of taxi driver Basel Ja’bari two months ago. They claim that the PA has done nothing to punish the culprits.
“Every night, dozens of gunmen exchange gunfire in various parts of Hebron,” said Hebron businessman Haitham Rajabi. “There is no presence of the Palestinian security forces on the streets. This is a sign that the Palestinian Authority is either unable to control the situation or does not want to do so.”
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Ahmed Ja’bari, one of the heads of his clan, claimed that many of the gunmen and criminals are affiliated with the PA’s ruling Fatah faction.
“Fatah is in control of the Palestinian security forces,” he said. “This means that the thugs and criminals who are terrorizing the residents of Hebron at night are the same law-enforcers during the day.”
According to Ja’bari, some of the weapons used by the rival clans belong to the PA security forces.
The heads of some of Hebron’s clans have appealed to King Abdullah to send Jordanian troops to the city to stop the fighting and violence, Ja’bari revealed.
“By appealing to the king of Jordan, we are trying to send a message to the Palestinian Authority that it must intervene immediately to restore law and order,” he added. “It is a message aiming at provoking the Palestinian leadership into waking up before it’s too late. What we are witnessing these days is a real civil war.”
The violence, meanwhile, has spread to other parts of the West Bank, where Palestinians have also accused the PA of failure to enforce law and order.
Several incidents took place in the Jenin area, where Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) have a strong presence.
In the village of Al-Sileh Al-Harthiyeh, near Jenin, armed clashes erupted last week between PA security officers and unidentified gunmen, sources in Jenin said, adding that there were no casualties.
Earlier this week, PA President Mahmoud Abbas fired the commanders of the Palestinian security forces in Jenin. The move came after thousands of Palestinians, including Hamas and PIJ gunmen, participated in the funeral of Wasfi Kabaha, a senior Hamas official who died last week of COVID-19.
The large turnout and the presence of masked gunmen on the streets of Jenin was seen by many Palestinians as a direct challenge to Abbas and the PA leadership. Hamas leaders boasted that the large turnout was a sign of increased support for their group and its ideology in the West Bank.
Some Palestinians are convinced that the PA is not really interested in taking drastic measures to end the violence.
“As long as the violence is not directed against the Palestinian Authority, you won’t see a serious effort to crack down on those responsible for the anarchy,” said Jenin resident Emad Nasser. “The Palestinian Authority knows that its hands are tied when clans consisting of thousands of people choose to fight each other. It’s much easier to go after individuals who carry out armed robberies and are involved in drug trafficking than getting into trouble with a large and powerful clan, whose members may even be serving in senior positions in the Palestinian Authority and its security forces.”
The Palestinian Independent Commission for Human Rights (ICHR) said that it views with grave concern the recurrence of disorder and rampant insecurity in Hebron.
The group said that firearms and machine guns were used during the recent clashes in the city and its surroundings.
“Embedded in a deep-rooted social context and catering to values of vengeance and the principle of action and reaction, these regrettable events must be brought to an end,” ICHR said in a statement.
“They seriously jeopardize the social fabric and community safety. These offenses also undermine citizen’s fundamental rights and freedoms, cause the destruction of property, disavow the rule of law, and legitimize collective punishment by taking the law into one’s own hands.”
ICHR called on the PA to take necessary measures to protect the lives and properties of Palestinians.
It further called for it to enforce the rule of law in a fair and equitable manner, to prevent the proliferation of weapons and to confiscate all illegal firearms.•
土耳其是否會製造新的危機以分散貨幣歷史低點的注意力？- 分析
每次執政政權在國內四面楚歌時，都會製造一場假危機。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 16:42
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 17:39
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 3 月 4 日在土耳其安卡拉通過視頻鏈接參加了他執政的 AK 黨的會議。
（圖片來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
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土耳其里拉兌美元和其他貨幣處於歷史低位——這對土耳其經濟和中產階級來說都是個壞消息。
雖然貨幣略微疲軟有時對出口有利，因為在國外可以更容易地獲得更便宜的出口商品，但貨幣貶值過多是經濟不景氣的證據，並可能導致混亂和不穩定。
安卡拉及其右翼宗教民族主義執政黨多年來一直在破壞中東和東地中海的穩定，經常威脅北約成員國，並在不同時期挑戰埃及、阿聯酋、沙特阿拉伯、塞浦路斯、亞美尼亞、以色列、印度和許多其他國家。
土耳其還發起了前所未有的一系列開放式軍事冒險，導致敘利亞阿夫林的種族清洗、2019 年對美國支持的反伊斯蘭國戰士的襲擊、伊拉克辛賈爾地區的雅茲迪少數民族遭到轟炸、對庫爾德人的襲擊，甚至世界各地針對土耳其持不同政見者的非法引渡和綁架。
就安卡拉而言，貨幣貶值並未導致戰爭和不穩定；相反，土耳其的執政黨似乎在國內外危機中茁壯成長，導致人們擔心這可能會損害該國經濟。
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 10 月 16 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話（來源：REUTERS/MURAD SEZER）
執政的正發黨在 2000 年代初上台，承諾進行經濟改革。事實上，土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安曾被認為對土耳其的經濟有利。
但多年來威權主義日益增強、對每一個批評記者的迫害以及因開玩笑和其他隨意行為而監禁的人，使該國陷入低迷。
土耳其是一個崛起的地區領導者。它已與俄羅斯簽署了購買 S-400 的協議；與俄羅斯建立了土耳其流管道；與利比亞四面楚歌的政府簽署了一項協議，以搶奪東地中海的能源資源；並聲稱將與伊朗、中國、俄羅斯、阿塞拜疆甚至伊拉克、波蘭、烏克蘭和其他國家在經濟問題上進行更密切的合作。
由於安卡拉的媒體幾乎都受政府控製或支持執政黨，他們普遍模仿政權的敘事，因此無法相信來自安卡拉媒體或與安卡拉有關聯的爪牙的任何細節，並在外國媒體上推其敘事. 關於安卡拉與地區國家“和解”或“無人機銷售”的虛假報導經常出現，但與現實無關。
因此，土耳其將自己定位為無人機在歐洲、中東和非洲等地銷售的新興大國，但往往很難確認細節。
然而，貨幣走弱的故事是可以證實的。土耳其里拉繼續創下歷史新低。本週它兌美元匯率達到了 10.42 里拉。此前，在 2018 年 8 月和 2020 年 11 月，美元兌美元匯率分別達到 6.29 和 8.52，這些峰值曾出現減弱。
並不總是清楚是什麼事件觸發了貨幣貶值。有人指出外交政策失誤以及土耳其政權繼續挑起危機的方式。
例如，10 月份，在西方民主國家批評安卡拉的人權記錄後，它威脅要驅逐 10 名西方民主國家的大使。
該政權還威脅要從科巴尼和敘利亞其他地區入侵和種族清洗庫爾德人。土耳其一直非法佔領敘利亞北部的大片地區，並僱傭僱傭軍和極端組織（其中一些與基地組織有關聯）來騷擾少數民族，驅逐庫爾德人、基督徒和雅茲迪人。
但安卡拉在科巴尼和其他地區的設計顯然遭到俄羅斯和美國的反對，這與 2019 年 10 月美國總統唐納德特朗普批准土耳其入侵和摧毀美國支持的敘利亞民主力量所在的敘利亞部分地區不同。目前，拜登政府尚未將美國在敘利亞的政策移交給埃爾多安。
然而，敘利亞和大使危機可能不是唯一發生的事情。土耳其表面上正試圖與阿聯酋和解，並一直在與伊朗進行高層會晤。安卡拉是《大西洋月刊》最近封面上提到的幾個專制政權之一。這個故事認為，這些政權正在“獲勝”，因為他們正在努力破壞美國和其他西方民主國家。
伊朗外交部長侯賽因·阿米拉卜杜拉希安本週表示，最近的伊朗-土耳其會議包括就加強關係的“長期合作路線圖”草案進行談判。德黑蘭與中國簽訂了 25 年的協議，土耳其可能也想要類似的協議。
“我們希望在土耳其著名總統埃爾多安先生未來訪問德黑蘭時敲定路線圖，”阿米拉布多拉希安本週在德黑蘭接待土耳其外長恰武什奧盧時說。
安卡拉還告訴本國媒體和西方媒體的友好記者，它將開啟與阿拉伯聯合酋長國關係的“新時代”。它計劃舉辦一次重大訪問，但這些報導也被提供給某些媒體以製造嗡嗡聲，並使阿聯酋處於尷尬的境地。根據下週發生的情況，安卡拉可能會吹噓它在海灣地區也取得了新的進展。
但土耳其可能需要的不僅僅是一次會議。它已經與卡塔爾有著密切的聯繫，他們共同支持該地區的穆斯林兄弟會和哈馬斯等團體。但總的來說，土耳其在利比亞、伊德利蔔等地區的作用並沒有帶來太大的穩定。它在伊拉克庫爾德斯坦地區的投資是另一回事：土耳其的酒店和工業幫助將該地區轉變為伊拉克最成功的地區。
土耳其也在推動自己成為黎巴嫩-海灣危機的調解人。沙特阿拉伯及其盟友對黎巴嫩的言論感到憤怒，這些言論為伊朗支持的正在與沙特阿拉伯作戰的胡塞武裝辯護。土耳其希望在黎巴嫩發揮更大的作用。它現在還因拘留一對以色列夫婦而與以色列發生危機。
這指向混合消息傳遞。土耳其希望與伊朗和阿聯酋建立關係。它聲稱現在正在世界各地銷售其無人機，從波蘭到烏克蘭再到非洲國家。然而，貨幣一直在貶值。在多年的國家聽到一個宣傳同時看到威脅行為之後，似乎對安卡拉缺乏信心。例如，土耳其在 2020 年挑起了與希臘的危機。
安卡拉的行為——從 2017 年襲擊華盛頓的美國抗議者到 2018 年入侵阿夫林——似乎是特朗普政府促成的。2020 年 11 月的貨幣下跌可能代表了投資者在土耳其在白宮的盟友 11 月 3 日輸掉選舉後的擔憂。隨著特朗普輸掉選舉，貨幣下跌，限制了 2020 年下跌 30%。它在 2020 年 11 月 8 日反彈，當中央銀行發生重組時。
土耳其採取了其他可能影響其貨幣的奇怪步驟。除了依賴與俄羅斯和伊朗的關係外，它還與委內瑞拉的專制馬杜羅政權關係密切。據稱，加拉加斯在 2019 年向安卡拉出售了大量黃金儲備。
不知道接下來會發生什麼。過去，每次執政政權在國內四面楚歌，都製造了一場假危機。它威脅到荷蘭、奧地利等歐洲各國，欺負世界各國，挑起敘利亞、高加索等地的衝突。在經濟方面，這些危機都沒有幫助土耳其。
Will Turkey make new crisis from distract currency's historic low? - analysis
Every time the ruling regime is embattled at home, it creates a fake crisis.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 16:42
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 17:39
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting of his ruling AK Party via video link in Ankara, Turkey March 4, 2021.
(photo credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Turkey’s lira is at historic lows to the US dollar and other currencies – which is bad news for Turkey’s economy and for its middle class.
While a slightly weaker currency can sometimes be good for exports, because cheaper export goods can be acquired abroad easier, having the currency decline too much is evidence of a bad economy and can lead to chaos and instability.
Ankara and its right-wing religious-nationalist ruling party have been destabilizing the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean for years, often threatening members of NATO, as well as challenging, at various times, Egypt, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Cyprus, Armenia, Israel, India and many other countries.
Turkey has also launched an unprecedented series of open-ended military adventures, leading to ethnic cleansing in Syria’s Afrin, an attack on US-backed anti-ISIS fighters in 2019, the bombing of Yazidi minorities in Iraq’s Sinjar district, attacks on Kurds and even illegal renditions and kidnappings around the world directed at Turkish dissidents.
In Ankara’s case, the decline of the currency didn’t lead to wars and instability; rather Turkey’s ruling party has appeared to thrive on crises at home and abroad, leading to concerns about how this may harm the country’s economy.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a news conference in Istanbul, Turkey October 16, 2021 (credit: REUTERS/MURAD SEZER)
The ruling AKP Party came to power in the early 2000s with promises of economic reform. In fact, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan was once thought of as an economic positive for Turkey.
But years of increasing authoritarianism, the persecution of every critical journalist and imprisoning people for making jokes and other random acts have led the country into the doldrums.
TURKEY POSES as a rising regional leader. It has signed deals with Russia to buy the S-400; has built a TurkStream pipeline with Russia; has signed a deal with Libya’s embattled government to grab up energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean; and is claiming to be working more closely on economic issues with Iran, China, Russia, Azerbaijan and even Iraq, Poland, Ukraine and other states.
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Because Ankara’s media are almost all controlled by the government or support the ruling party, they generally parrot regime narratives, so it is impossible to trust any details that come from Ankara’s media or the minions that are linked to Ankara and push its narratives in foreign media. False reports about Ankara’s “reconciliation” with regional states or about “drone sales” will often appear but have no connection to reality.
Thus Turkey pitches itself as a rising power with drone sales in Europe, the Middle East and Africa and other connections, but it’s often hard to confirm the details.
The story of the currency weakening, however, is one that can be confirmed. Turkey’s lira continues to see record lows. This week it reached 10.42 lira to the US dollar. It has seen these spikes in weakening before, in August 2018 and in November 2020, when it reached 6.29 and 8.52, respectively, to the dollar.
It’s not always clear what event triggers the weakening of the currency. Some point to foreign policy blunders and the way Turkey’s regime continues to provoke crises.
For instance, in October it threatened to expel 10 ambassadors of Western democratic states after those countries critiqued Ankara’s human rights record.
The regime also threatened to invade and ethnically cleanse Kurds from Kobani and other parts of Syria. Turkey has always occupied illegally a swath of northern Syria, and hired mercenaries and extremist groups, some linked to al-Qaeda, to harass minorities, expelling Kurds, Christians and Yazidis.
But Ankara’s designs on Kobani and other areas apparently were opposed by Russia and the US, unlike in October 2019 when US president Donald Trump gave Turkey a green light to invade and destroy parts of Syria where the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces were located. For now, the Biden administration hasn’t turned over US policy in Syria to Erdogan.
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HOWEVER, THE Syria and ambassador crises may not be the only things going on. Turkey ostensibly is trying to reconcile with the UAE and has been conducting high-level meetings with Iran. Ankara’s is one of several authoritarian regimes called out on a recent cover of The Atlantic. The story argued that these regimes are “winning” as they work to undermine the US and other Western democracies.
The recent Iran-Turkey meetings included talks for a draft of a “long-term cooperation road map” to increase ties, Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian said this week. Tehran has a 25-year agreement with China, and Turkey may want something similar.
“We hope to finalize the road map in a future visit to Tehran by Mr. Erdogan, the eminent Turkish president,” Amirabdollahian said this week, as he hosted his Turkish counterpart Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu in Tehran.
Ankara is also telling its own media, and friendly reporters in Western media, that it is going to begin a “new era” in relations with the United Arab Emirates. It is planning to host a major visit, but these reports have also been fed to certain media to create a buzz and put the UAE in an awkward position. Depending on what happens in the next week, Ankara could brag that it has also created new inroads in the Gulf.
But Turkey probably needs more than just a meeting. It already has close ties to Qatar, and together they backed the Muslim Brotherhood and groups like Hamas around the region. But in general Turkey’s role in Libya, Idlib and other areas has not led to much stability. Its investment in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is another matter: Turkish hotels and industry have helped transform the area into Iraq’s most successful region.
TURKEY IS also pushing itself as a mediator in the Lebanon-Gulf crisis. Saudi Arabia and its allies have been angered by comments in Lebanon that have justified the Iranian-backed Houthis who are fighting Saudi Arabia. Turkey wants a larger role in Lebanon. And it has now also created a crisis with Israel over detaining an Israeli couple.
This points to mixed messaging. Turkey wants to build ties with Iran and the UAE. It claims to be selling its drones all over the world now, from Poland to Ukraine to countries in Africa. However, the currency keeps declining. It seems there is a lack of confidence in Ankara after years of countries hearing one piece of propaganda while seeing threatening behavior at the same time. Turkey provoked crises with Greece, for instance, in 2020.
It appears that Ankara’s behavior – from attacking US protesters in Washington in 2017 to the invasion of Afrin in 2018 – was enabled by the Trump administration. Currency declines in November 2020 may represent the concerns investors had after Turkey’s ally in the White House lost the election on November 3. The currency declined as Trump lost the election, capping a 30% decline in 2020. It bounced back on November 8, 2020, when there was a shake-up at the central bank.
Turkey has taken other strange steps that may have affected its currency. In addition to relying on ties with Russia and Iran, it became close to the authoritarian Maduro regime in Venezuela. Caracas supposedly sold Ankara a large amount of gold reserves in 2019.
It’s not known what may come next. In the past, every time the ruling regime was embattled at home, it created a fake crisis. It has threatened various European countries, from the Netherlands to Austria, has bullied countries around the world and has stoked conflicts in Syria, the Caucasus and other places. None of these crises has helped Turkey when it comes to the economy.
歐盟準備對白俄羅斯實施制裁 法國警告俄羅斯
法國周一告訴俄羅斯，北約將準備捍衛烏克蘭的主權，而西方領導人則試圖解決歐盟東部邊界的移民危機。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 16 日 11:53
12 月 2 日，法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍（Emmanuel Macron）在巴黎與國際合作夥伴舉行的視頻會議上發表講話，討論為財政拮据的黎巴嫩提供人道主義援助。
（照片來源：IAN LANGSDON/POOL VIA REUTERS）
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法國周一告訴俄羅斯，北約將準備捍衛烏克蘭的主權，在北約稱莫斯科一直在進行部隊集結的地方附近，而西方領導人則試圖解決歐盟東部邊界的移民危機。
歐盟同意加強對白俄羅斯的製裁，原因是數以千計的移民滯留在與歐盟接壤的冰凍森林中。俄羅斯的親密盟友白俄羅斯表示，它助長了危機的說法是“荒謬的”。
作為西方領導人與俄羅斯、白俄羅斯和烏克蘭之間一系列對話的一部分，這位法國領導人通過電話與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京 (Vladimir Putin) 交談，表達了他對烏克蘭邊境局勢的強烈關切。
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“總統重申了我們捍衛烏克蘭主權和領土完整的意願，”馬克龍的一名顧問在談到馬克龍發起的對話時告訴記者。
克里姆林宮發言人德米特里·佩斯科夫（Dmitry Peskov）早些時候駁斥了美國國務院關於白俄羅斯邊境危機旨在轉移人們對俄羅斯在另一個前蘇聯加盟共和國烏克蘭附近增加軍事活動的注意力的聲明是“錯誤的”。
在領土國防軍於 2021 年 11 月 12 日發布的這張照片中，波蘭士兵和警察在波蘭庫茲尼察附近的波蘭/白俄羅斯邊境觀察移民。（圖片來源：IREK DOROZANSKI/DWOT/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS）
歐盟正在尋求阻止它所說的白俄羅斯推動移民走向它的政策，以報復早先對去年針對資深領導人亞歷山大·盧卡申科（Alexander Lukashenko）有爭議的連任的抗議活動進行鎮壓的製裁。
白俄羅斯和俄羅斯都一再否認任何角色。
北約秘書長延斯·斯托爾滕貝格週一早些時候表示，北約不想推測俄羅斯對烏克蘭的意圖，同時補充說：“我們看到部隊異常集中，我們知道俄羅斯之前一直願意使用這些類型的軍事能力。對烏克蘭採取積極行動。”
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美國的擔憂
美國國防部表示，它繼續看到俄羅斯在與烏克蘭接壤的邊界附近集中兵力並進行不尋常的軍事活動。五角大樓發言人約翰柯比表示，集結令人擔憂，美國國防部長勞埃德奧斯汀將於週四會見烏克蘭國防部長。
2014 年，俄羅斯支持的分離主義分子在一場持續不斷的衝突中控制了烏克蘭東部的頓巴斯地區。同年早些時候，在前蘇聯共和國尋求與歐盟建立更密切的關係後，莫斯科還從烏克蘭吞併了克里米亞。
莫斯科聲稱克里米亞周圍的黑海水域，儘管大多數國家認為該半島仍屬於烏克蘭。
在克里姆林宮宣讀與馬克龍的通話時，普京表示，美國及其盟友在后海舉行的大規模軍事演習是一種“挑釁”。
克里姆林宮說：“這加劇了俄羅斯與北約之間關係的緊張局勢。”
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兩位領導人還討論了移民危機。馬克龍的顧問表示，他們已就降級的必要性達成一致，而克里姆林宮重申俄羅斯堅持要求歐盟直接與明斯克討論。
移民——主要來自伊拉克和阿富汗——今年開始出現在白俄羅斯與歐盟的陸地邊界上，試圖通過以前從未使用過的路線進入成員國立陶宛、拉脫維亞和波蘭。
歐盟最高外交官何塞普博雷爾表示，歐盟外交部長已經同意了第五套制裁措施，並將在未來幾天內敲定。他說，他們的目標是航空公司、旅行社和參與“非法推動移民”的個人。
拉脫維亞週一表示，它已經部署了 3,000 名士兵，用於在邊境附近舉行的先前未宣布的軍事演習。它、立陶宛和波蘭組成了歐盟和北約的東翼，而烏克蘭不是這兩個西方集團的成員。
波蘭警方在推特上說，數百名移民（其中一些是投擲石塊）週一再次嘗試越過波蘭 Starzyna 村附近的邊境，但被迫返回。
德國政府發言人說，德國總理默克爾和盧卡申科通過電話討論了對難民和移民的人道主義援助。
自去年白俄羅斯總統大選引發示威者大規模抗議以來，白俄羅斯總統與西方領導人之間的首次接觸，指責盧卡申科選舉舞弊，他否認這一指控。
發言人說，默克爾和盧卡申科同意繼續交流，但沒有表明取得突破。最近幾天，默克爾兩次與普京通話。
航空公司
路透社的一項調查顯示，近幾個月來，中東旅行社與白俄羅斯的運營商合作，為數千人提供了旅遊簽證。
歐盟執行機構歐洲委員會表示，在歐盟禁止白俄羅斯國有航空公司白俄羅斯航空進入白俄羅斯的天空和機場後，它正在調查其他航空公司是否應該面臨制裁。愛爾蘭表示，歐盟與 Belavia 的飛機租賃合同也將終止。
盧卡申科說，白俄羅斯試圖說服移民回家，但他們都不想返回。他說，明斯克將對任何新的歐盟制裁進行報復。
幾個月來，歐盟一直在加強對白俄羅斯的製裁。已經實施的限制措施包括將盧卡申科、他的兒子和其他 165 名白俄羅斯官員列入黑名單，以及對鉀肥貿易的限制，鉀肥是一種重要的出口產品。
在華盛頓，白宮表示正在與歐盟盟國保持密切聯繫，以追究白俄羅斯政府的責任。
已派出戰略轟炸機在白俄羅斯上空巡邏的克里姆林宮表示，普京周日與盧卡申科進行了交談，儘管明斯克威脅要切斷通過亞馬爾管道到歐洲的運輸，但莫斯科沒有計劃將天然氣從白俄羅斯轉移出去。
波蘭和白俄羅斯之間 200 公里長的陸地邊界沿線至少有 8 人死於寒冷和疲憊。人煙稀少的湖泊、沼澤和森林對試圖在 11 月寒冷夜晚圍著篝火取暖的人們變得更加敵對。
歐盟的博雷爾敦促華沙允許在邊境提供人道主義援助，波蘭在那裡部署了大約 20,000 名警察、邊防警衛和士兵。
France warns Russia as EU prepares sanctions on Belarus
France told Russia on Monday NATO would be prepared to defend the sovereignty of Ukraine, while Western leaders sought to tackle a migrants crisis on the EU's eastern borders.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 16, 2021 11:53
FRENCH PRESIDENT Emmanuel Macron speaks during a video conference with international partners to discuss humanitarian aid for financially-strapped Lebanon, in Paris on December 2.
(photo credit: IAN LANGSDON/POOL VIA REUTERS)
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France told Russia on Monday NATO would be prepared to defend the sovereignty of Ukraine, near where NATO says Moscow has been staging a troop buildup, while Western leaders sought to tackle a migrants crisis on the eastern borders of the European Union.
The European Union agreed to step up sanctions against Belarus over thousands of migrants stranded in freezing forests on its borders with the EU. Belarus, a close Russian ally, said assertions it had fueled the crisis were "absurd."
Speaking by telephone to Russian President Vladimir Putin as part of a flurry of conversations between Western leaders and Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, the French leader spoke of his strong concern over the situation on Ukraine's borders.
"Our willingness to defend Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity was reiterated by the president," an adviser to Macron told reporters of the conversation Macron initiated.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov earlier dismissed as "wrong" a US State Department statement that the Belarus border crisis was meant to distract attention from increased Russian military activity close to Ukraine, another former Soviet republic.
Polish soldiers and police watch migrants at the Poland/Belarus border near Kuznica, Poland, in this photograph released by the Territorial Defence Forces, November 12, 2021. (credit: IREK DOROZANSKI/DWOT/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
The EU is seeking to stop what it says is a policy by Belarus to push migrants towards it to avenge earlier sanctions over a crackdown on protests last year against veteran leader Alexander Lukashenko's contested re-election.
Belarus and Russia have both repeatedly denied any role.
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said earlier on Monday NATO did not want to speculate on Russia's intentions on Ukraine, while adding: "We see an unusual concentration of troops, and we know that Russia has been willing to use these types of military capabilities before to conduct aggressive actions against Ukraine."
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US CONCERN
The US Defense Department said it continued to see Russia concentrate forces along with unusual military activity near its border with Ukraine. Pentagon spokesman John Kirby said the build-up was concerning and US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin would meet his Ukrainian counterpart on Thursday.
Russian-backed separatists took control of Ukraine's eastern Donbass region in 2014 in a conflict that has rumbled on. Moscow also annexed Crimea from Ukraine earlier that year after the former Soviet republic sought closer ties with the EU.
Moscow claims the Black Sea waters around Crimea, although most countries consider the peninsula still Ukrainian.
In the Kremlin's readout of the call with Macron, Putin said large-scale military drills staged by the United States and its allies in the Back Sea were a "provocation."
"This is increasing tensions in relations between Russia and NATO," the Kremlin said.
The two leaders also discussed the migrants crisis. Macron's adviser said they had agreed on the need for a deescalation while the Kremlin reiterated Russia's insistence that the EU discuss it directly with Minsk.
Migrants - mostly from Iraq and Afghanistan - began appearing on Belarus' land borders with the EU this year, trying to cross into member states Lithuania, Latvia and Poland via routes not used before.
The top EU diplomat, Josep Borrell, said a fifth package of sanctions had been agreed by EU foreign ministers and would be finalized in the coming days. They would target airlines, travel agencies and individuals involved in "this illegal push of migrants," he said.
Latvia said on Monday it had deployed 3,000 troops for a previously unannounced military exercise near the border. It, Lithuania and Poland make up the eastern flank of the EU and NATO, while Ukraine is not a member of either western group.
Several hundred migrants, some throwing stones, made a new attempt on Monday to cross the border near the Polish village of Starzyna, but were forced back, Polish police said on Twitter.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Lukashenko discussed humanitarian aid for refugees and migrants by telephone, a German government spokesperson said.
The talks are the first known contact between the Belarusian president and a Western leader since last year's presidential election in Belarus triggered mass protests by demonstrators accusing Lukashenko of electoral fraud, a charge he denies.
Merkel and Lukashenko agreed to continue their exchange, the spokesperson said, but gave no sign a breakthrough had been made. Merkel has spoken twice to Putin in recent days.
AIRLINES
Middle East travel agencies working together with operators in Belarus provided tourist visas to thousands of people in recent months, a Reuters investigation showed.
The EU's executive, the European Commision, said it was looking into whether other airlines should face sanctions after the bloc banned Belarus' state-owned carrier Belavia from its skies and airports. Ireland said EU aircraft leasing contracts with Belavia would also end.
Lukashenko said Belarus was trying to persuade migrants to go home but that none of them wanted to return. Minsk would retaliate against any new EU sanctions, he said.
The EU has been stepping up sanctions on Belarus for months. Curbs already in place include blacklisting of Lukashenko, his son and 165 other Belarusian officials, as well as restrictions on trade in potash, an important export.
In Washington, the White House said it was in close contact with EU allies to hold the government of Belarus accountable.
The Kremlin, which has sent strategic bombers to patrol over Belarus, said Putin spoke to Lukashenko on Sunday and Moscow had no plans to reroute gas flows away from Belarus despite Minsk threatening to cut transit to Europe through the Yamal pipeline.
At least eight people have died along the 200-km long land border between Poland and Belarus, including from cold and exhaustion. The sparsely populated area of lakes, swamps and forests is becoming even more hostile to people trying to keep warm around bonfires through the cold November nights.
The EU's Borrell urged Warsaw to allow humanitarian aid on the frontier, where Poland has deployed some 20,000 police, border guards and soldiers.
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2021.11.18 國際新聞導讀-烏干達首都發生自殺炸彈攻擊、輝瑞新藥物將低價向95個中低收入國家提供、以色列約旦將進行能源與水的合作協議、土耳其里拉大幅貶值可能促使土國對外軍事冒險以轉移國民焦點、巴勒斯坦外援減少迫使考慮改變優渥支助囚犯家屬的政策、
烏干達首都爆炸至少造成兩人死亡 - 當地電視台
兩枚炸彈在坎帕拉爆炸，一枚非常靠近烏干達議會，一枚靠近中央警察局。當地媒體報導議會已被疏散
通過路透
目擊者和警方稱，烏干達首都中心地帶的三名自殺式炸彈襲擊者炸死了至少三名平民，附近的汽車起火時，議員們紛紛趕去尋找掩護，這是過去一個月發生的一系列爆炸事件中的最新一起。
警方發言人弗雷德·埃南加說，穆拉戈醫院至少有 33 人正在接受治療，其中 5 人情況危急。
沒有立即要求承擔責任。與基地組織有關聯的索馬里叛亂組織青年黨在烏干達發動了致命襲擊。上個月，與伊斯蘭國結盟的民主同盟軍（ADF）在烏干達發動了第一次襲擊。
“我們的情報還表明，這些是與 ADF 有關聯的國內恐怖組織，”Enanga 說。
爆炸——第一次發生在中央警察局附近，第二次發生在離議會很近的地方——當一股白煙從市中心升起時，血腥的辦公室工作人員在碎玻璃碎片上爭先恐後地尋找掩護。
2021 年 11 月 16 日，烏干達坎帕拉，一名婦女在爆炸現場附近做出反應時得到幫助（圖片來源：REUTERS/ABUBAKER LUBOWA）
Enanga 說，一名自殺式炸彈襲擊者在警察局檢查站附近進行了第一次爆炸，造成兩人死亡。然後兩名騎摩托車的自殺式炸彈襲擊者引爆，炸死一人。
28 歲的銀行警衛彼得·奧盧波特 (Peter Olupot) 在議會附近的襲擊事件附近告訴路透社：“像大槍發出的隆隆聲響起。地面震動，我的耳朵幾乎聾了。”
“我看到一輛汽車著火了，每個人都在奔跑，驚慌失措。我看到了一個 boda boda（摩托車）人——他的頭被砸碎，滿是血。”
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一名路透社記者在現場看到警察警戒線後被燒毀的汽車，當地電視台 NTV Uganda 的一名記者說，他在街上看到兩具屍體。
烏干達紅十字會發言人艾琳·納卡西塔 (Irene Nakasiita) 表示，他們將稍後發布有關爆炸事件的信息。
作為聯合國支持的非洲聯盟維和部隊的一部分，烏干達士兵正在索馬里與青年黨作戰。青年黨在烏干達的爆炸事件包括 2010 年的一次襲擊，造成 70 名觀看世界杯的人喪生。
上個月，ADF 首次聲稱對烏干達發生的爆炸事件負責 - 裝有彈片 - 炸死了一家餐館的一名女服務員。
同樣在上個月，烏干達警方表示，一名自殺式炸彈襲擊者炸毀了一輛公共汽車，自殺並傷及他人。他的隸屬關係尚不清楚。
ADF 最初由烏干達穆斯林建立，但現在他們的主要基地位於與烏干達接壤的剛果民主共和國森林覆蓋的山區。
ADF 和青年黨都經常使用爆炸裝置，並被指控殺害了數千名平民。
Explosion in Uganda capital kills at least two - local TV
Two bombs exploded in Kampala, one very close to the Ugandan parliament and one near the central police station. Local media reported that Parliament had been evacuated
By REUTERS
Smoke rises near the blast area, in Kampala, Uganda, November 16, 2021, in this still image obtained from a social media video.
(photo credit: SSENYONYO UMARU/VIA REUTERS)
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Three suicide bombers in the heart of Uganda's capital killed at least three civilians and sent parliamentarians rushing for cover as nearby cars burst into flames, witnesses and police said, the latest in a string of bombings over the past month.
At least 33 people were being treated at Mulago Hospital, including five people in critical condition, police spokesperson Fred Enanga said.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility. The al Qaeda-linked Somali insurgent group al Shabaab has carried out deadly attacks in Uganda. Last month another group, the Islamic State-aligned Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), claimed its first attack in Uganda.
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"Our intelligence also indicates that these are domestic terror groups that are linked to ADF," said Enanga.
The explosions - the first near the central police station and the second very close to parliament - sent bloodied office workers scrambling for cover over shards of broken glass as a plume of white smoke rose above the downtown area.
A woman is assisted as she reacts near the scene of a blast in Kampala, Uganda November 16, 2021 (credit: REUTERS/ABUBAKER LUBOWA)
A single suicide bomber carried out the first blast near the checkpoint at the police station, which killed two people, Enanga said. Then two suicide bombers on motorbikes detonated, killing one other person.
"A booming sound like that from a big gun went off. The ground shook, my ears nearly went deaf," Peter Olupot, a 28-year-old bank guard who was near the attack near parliament, told Reuters.
"I saw a vehicle on fire and everyone was running and panicking. I saw a boda boda (motorcycle) man - his head was smashed and covered in blood."
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A Reuters journalist saw burned cars behind a police cordon at the scene and a reporter with local television station NTV Uganda said he saw two bodies in the street.
Irene Nakasiita, spokesperson at the Uganda Red Cross, said they would release information about the blasts later.
Ugandan soldiers are fighting al Shabaab in Somalia as part of an U.N.-backed African Union peacekeeping force. Al Shabaab's bombings in Uganda include a 2010 attack that killed 70 people watching the World Cup.
Last month, the ADF made its first claim of responsibility for a blast in Uganda with a bomb - packed with shrapnel - that killed a waitress at a restaurant.
Also last month, Ugandan police said a suicide bomber had blown up a bus, killing himself and injuring others. His affiliation was unclear.
The ADF was originally established by Ugandan Muslims but now have their main bases in the forested mountains of the Democratic Republic of Congo, which borders Uganda.
Both the ADF and al Shabaab frequently use explosive devices and have been accused of killing thousands of civilians.
以色列，約旦簽署由阿聯酋調解的能源和水協議
該協議旨在幫助以色列和約旦應對氣候變化的挑戰。
通過LAHAV哈爾科夫
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 14:03
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 20:43
Zofar海水淡化廠
（圖片來源：AMIHAI SANDE）
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以色列和約旦定於下週在阿拉伯聯合酋長國簽署能源和水領域的合作協議，並幫助進行調解。
該協議指出，以色列和約旦將相互幫助應對氣候變化的挑戰。
以色列同意考慮建設指定海水淡化廠，以全價向約旦出口更多水，約旦將考慮在約旦沙漠建設太陽能場，向缺乏開放空間的以色列出口清潔能源，並進行測試太陽能存儲解決方案。
能源部長 Karin Elharrar 將於週一與約旦水利部長 Mohammed al-Najjar 以及調解人美國氣候問題特使約翰克里和阿聯酋氣候變化特使蘇丹阿爾賈比爾一起簽署該協議。國家安全顧問 Eyal Hulata 以及其他約旦和阿聯酋部長也將參加儀式。
能源協議基於水和能源聯繫，這是一個中東生態和平項目，匯集了以色列、巴勒斯坦和約旦的環境專家和活動家。
位於以色列南部的 55 兆瓦太陽能發電廠。（來源：MOSHE SHAI/FLASH90）
該組織表示，該項目旨在採用“可持續的……方法來應對氣候變化的影響及其潛在的負面安全影響，同時為該地區的水資源短缺提供解決方案。”
EcoPeace Middle East 將該提案與歐洲煤鋼共同體進行了比較，後者是二戰後歐盟的前身，它稱其為“建立一個更和平的歐洲的支柱”。
該組織寫道：“水和能源樞紐可能成為一個更加和平和可持續的黎凡特的支柱。”
Israel, Jordan to sign UAE-mediated energy and water agreement
The agreement is meant to help Israel and Jordan deal with the challenges of climate change.
By LAHAV HARKOV
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 14:03
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 20:43
Zofar desalination plant
(photo credit: AMIHAI SANDE)
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Israel and Jordan are set next week to sign a cooperation agreement in the areas of energy and water in the United Arab Emirates, which it helped mediate.
The agreement states that Israel and Jordan will help each other deal with the challenges of climate change.
Israel agreed to examine the possible construction of a designated desalination plant to export more water to Jordan at full price, and Jordan will consider building a solar field in the desert in Jordan to export clean energy to Israel, which lacks open space, and to test solar energy storage solutions.
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Energy Minister Karin Elharrar is set to sign the agreement on Monday, along with Jordanian Water Minister Mohammed al-Najjar, and the mediators, US Special Envoy for Climate John Kerry and Emirati Climate Change Envoy Sultan Al Jaber. National Security Adviser Eyal Hulata will also take part in the ceremony, as well as other Jordanian and Emirati ministers.
The energy agreement is based on the Water and Energy Nexus, a project of EcoPeace Middle East, which brings together Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian environmental experts and activists.
A 55-MEGAWATT solar power plant in Israel's south. (credit: MOSHE SHAI/FLASH90)
The organization said the project aims for a “sustainable… approach to counter the effects of climate change and its potential negative security implications, while providing solutions to water scarcity in the region.”
EcoPeace Middle East compared the proposal to the European Coal and Steel Community, a post-World War II precursor to the European Union, which it called “the backbone to the creation of a more peaceful Europe.”
“The Water and Energy Nexus could be the backbone to a more peaceful and sustainable Levant,” the organization wrote.
輝瑞公司申請 COVID-19 藥丸的美國授權
這種口服藥物可能是抗擊大流行的一種很有前途的新武器，因為它可以作為一種早期的家庭治療方法。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 00:13
說明照片顯示了 2019 年 8 月 9 日在比利時布魯塞爾的原始包裝中的各種藥丸。
（圖片來源：REUTERS/YVES HERMAN）
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輝瑞公司週二表示，它正在尋求美國對其實驗性抗病毒 COVID-19藥丸的授權，該藥丸在臨床試驗中將面臨嚴重疾病風險的成年人住院或死亡的機率降低 89%。
輝瑞表示已完成向美國食品和藥物管理局提交藥物 Paxlovid 緊急使用授權 (EUA) 的申請，其中包括該製藥商的臨床試驗數據。
這種口服藥物可能是抗擊大流行的一種很有前途的新武器，因為它可以作為一種早期的家庭治療來幫助預防 COVID-19 住院和死亡。它也可能成為疫苗獲取有限或疫苗接種率低的國家和地區的重要工具。
目前尚不清楚美國監管機構何時會對輝瑞的申請作出裁決。Merck & Co 和 Ridgeback Biotherapeutics 正在開發一種競爭藥丸 molnupiravir，它們於 10 月 11 日完成了他們的 EUA 提交。
FDA 的外部顧問小組將於 11 月 30 日開會審議該申請。預計將於今年推出。
儘管總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡 (Benjamin Netanyahu) 吹捧了他與輝瑞 (Pfizer) 首席執行官阿爾伯特·布爾 (Albert Bourla) 的密切關係（4 月 23 日），但 Levy 還是簽署了第一份 800 萬劑藥物的合同。（來源：JOHN THYS/POOL VIA REUTERS）
“我們正在盡快採取行動，努力將這種潛在的治療方法交到患者手中，我們期待與美國 FDA 以及世界各地的其他監管機構合作審查我們的申請，”輝瑞（Pfizer）首席執行官阿爾伯特·布爾拉 (Albert Bourla) 在新聞稿中說。
輝瑞發言人表示，該公司提交的數據來自對未接種疫苗的高風險參與者進行的藥物測試。該FDA將在誰的藥品將被指示，以及它如何被使用的最終決定。
這家總部位於紐約的製藥商表示，已開始在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和韓國等多個國家/地區尋求治療授權，併計劃進一步提交國際申請。
輝瑞曾表示，預計到下月底將生產 180,000 個療程，到 2022 年底將生產至少 5000 萬個療程。
該公司週二早些時候表示，將通過與國際公共衛生組織藥物專利池 (MPP) 的許可協議，允許仿製藥製造商向 95 個中低收入國家供應其 COVID-19 藥丸。
Pfizer files for US authorization of COVID-19 pill
The oral drug could be a promising new weapon in the fight against the pandemic, as it can be taken as an early at-home treatment.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 00:13
Illustrative photo shows various medicine pills in their original packaging in Brussels, Belgium August 9, 2019.
(photo credit: REUTERS/YVES HERMAN)
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Pfizer Inc said on Tuesday it is seeking US authorization of its experimental antiviral COVID-19 pill that cut the chance of hospitalization or death for adults at risk of severe disease by 89% in a clinical trial.
Pfizer said it completed submission of its application for emergency use authorization (EUA) of the drug, Paxlovid, with the US Food and Drug Administration, including data from the drugmaker's clinical trial.
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It is not immediately clear when US regulators will rule on Pfizer's application. Merck & Co and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, which are developing a competing pill, molnupiravir, completed their EUA submission on Oct. 11.
A panel of outside advisers to the FDA will meet to consider that application on Nov. 30. It is expected to be available this year.
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"We are moving as quickly as possible in our effort to get this potential treatment into the hands of patients, and we look forward to working with the US FDA on its review of our application, along with other regulatory agencies around the world," Pfizer Chief Executive Albert Bourla said in a news release.
A Pfizer spokesperson said that the data the company is submitting came from testing the medicine on unvaccinated, high-risk participants. The
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The New York-based drugmaker said it has begun the process of seeking authorization of the treatment in several countries including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Korea, and plans further international submissions.
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Pfizer has said it expects to manufacture 180,000 treatment courses by the end of next month and at least 50 million courses by the end of 2022.
The company earlier on Tuesday said it will allow generic manufacturers to supply its COVID-19 pill to 95 low- and middle-income countries through a licensing agreement with the international public health group Medicines Patent Pool (MPP).
Frej 說，巴勒斯坦權力機構可能會廢除“付費殺戮”
以色列的政策是懲罰巴勒斯坦權力機構為恐怖分子家屬提供津貼，以色列稱其為“殺人償命”。
作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 13:52
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 20:19
區域合作部長 Esawi Frej 在 2021 年 11 月 17 日於奧斯陸舉行的特設聯絡委員會 (AHLC) 會議上。
（照片來源：禮貌）
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週三上午，區域合作部長埃薩維·弗雷傑 (Esawi Frej) 告訴以色列電台，巴勒斯坦權力機構可能會取消其向被監禁的恐怖分子和殺害以色列人的恐怖分子家屬提供每月津貼的政策。
“我相信在接下來的幾個月裡，這個 [PA] 政策將會改變，”Frej 說，並補充說將創建一個不同的機制，每個人都可以接受。這是對過去建議動搖巴勒斯坦權力機構改變其支付方式的暗示，現在這種方式為那些犯下最嚴重恐怖襲擊的人提供了最大的經濟獎勵，而對那些只是輕微參與恐怖活動的人提供了最少的獎勵。
國際社會更希望為被以色列監禁的巴勒斯坦人提供一種社會福利制度，該制度僅根據經濟需要提供公平的報酬。
Frej 在星期三在奧斯陸舉行的特設聯絡委員會 (AHLC) 會議之前發表了講話。這是一個由 15 名成員組成的機構，由挪威擔任主席，每年至少召開兩次會議，以監督對巴勒斯坦人的捐助資金。
部長率領以色列代表團前往 AHLC，其中包括來自外交部、經濟部和國防部的代表。
區域合作部長 Esawi Frej。（來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/耶路撒冷郵報）
在 AHLC 會議之前，世界銀行和聯合國中東和平進程特別協調員辦公室 [UNSCO] 發布了關於巴勒斯坦權力機構可怕的金融危機的報告，警告說它今年面臨 13.6 億美元的赤字，可能不會能夠支付其工資。
世界銀行強調的問題之一是過去 13 年捐助資金減少了 85%，從 2008 年的 12 億美元降至今年的 1.84 億美元。
這兩份報告都反對以色列懲罰巴勒斯坦權力機構支付恐怖款項的政策，以色列稱其為“殺人償命”。
以色列從其代表巴勒斯坦權力機構收取的稅費中向拉馬拉收取這筆款項，每月約 5,000 萬新謝克爾。8 月，以色列將其扣繳的金額增加到每月 1 億新謝克爾。但鑑於巴勒斯坦權力機構的財務困境，以色列在秋季向巴勒斯坦權力機構提供了 5 億新謝克爾的貸款，以抵消其扣留的資金。
在奧斯陸，Frej 計劃要求參加 AHLC 的捐助國恢復對 PA 的資助。星期三早上，以色列電台向他詢問了以色列政策的差異，該政策既懲罰巴勒斯坦權力機構的殺戮，又幫助其實現財務穩定。
Frej 說，加強巴勒斯坦經濟符合以色列的利益。“這裡沒有人幫任何人任何好處，”他說。
Frej補充說，他相信情況會改變。“我看到巴勒斯坦人希望改變這種情況，”他說，並補充說美國也在努力解決這個問題。“他們也因此沒有發放資金，”他說。
UNSCO 在向 AHLC 提交的報告中還表示，“巴勒斯坦權力機構正在權衡解決所謂‘囚犯付款’問題的方案。”
它解釋說，這些付款“極大地使巴勒斯坦與以色列和主要捐助者的關係複雜化。國際技術援助可以幫助巴勒斯坦權力機構加強其針對最脆弱的巴勒斯坦家庭的現有現金轉移計劃。”
週一，巴勒斯坦權力機構總理穆罕默德·施泰耶告訴內閣，他無意在這個問題上讓步，並補充說他將向捐助國施壓，迫使以色列停止稅收減免。
Shtayyeh 週二抵達奧斯陸，與 Frej 進行了私下會面。作為 AHLC 討論的一部分，兩人還計劃於週三公開會面。
Frej 還會見了巴勒斯坦權力機構財政部長 Shuki Bishara 和挪威外交部長 Anniken Huitfeldt。
在 AHLC 期間，Frej 還打算談論使以色列與四個阿拉伯國家之間關係正常化的亞伯拉罕協議也可以使巴勒斯坦經濟受益的方式。
FREJ 還願意調整 1994 年的《巴黎議定書》，該議定書規定了以色列和巴勒斯坦權力機構之間的財務安排，以更好地適應 2021 年的情況。
這將是自協議簽署以來的第一次此類更改。
區域合作部長 Esawi Frej 在 2021 年 11 月 17 日在奧斯陸舉行的特設聯絡委員會 (AHLC) 會議上。（圖片來源：DEEPIKA RAI）
在周三的會議之前，Huitfeldt 樂觀地談到了這次活動，並指出過去幾個月以色列和巴勒斯坦官員之間已經發生的接觸創造了更好的氛圍，從而可以在經濟問題上取得進展。
“雙方之間的持續接觸創造了一種新的、更積極的動力。雙方正在尋求重振合作，特別是與經貿相關的合作，”她說。
“這對於加強巴勒斯坦經濟，滿足基本需求，尤其是在加沙，並降低暴力進一步升級的風險至關重要，”Huitfeldt 說。
“巴勒斯坦的經濟受到冠狀病毒大流行的沉重打擊，”她說。“貧困和失業率正在上升。以色列和巴勒斯坦武裝團體 5 月份在加沙地帶的暴力升級給平民帶來了進一步的苦難。”
外交部長補充說，儘管加沙暴力事件沒有重演，但那里和西岸的局勢仍然緊張。
“我擔心衝突可能很快再次爆發，我敦促各方保持克制，”她說。
AHLC 由歐盟、聯合國、國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行、巴勒斯坦權力機構、美國、俄羅斯、挪威、日本、沙特阿拉伯、加拿大、以色列、約旦、埃及和突尼斯組成。
然而，據挪威稱，有 30 個國家和實體參加了周三在奧斯陸舉行的會議。
Palestinian Authority likely to abolish pay-for-slay, Frej says
Israel has a policy of penalizing the Palestinian Authority for stipends for the families of terrorists, which Israel has dubbed, "pay-for-slay."
By TOVAH LAZAROFF
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 13:52
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 20:19
Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej at the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) meeting in Oslo, November 17, 2021.
(photo credit: Courtesy)
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The Palestinian Authority is likely to abolish its policy of providing monthly stipends to jailed terrorists and the families of terrorists who have killed Israelis, Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej told Israel Radio on Wednesday morning.
"I believe that in the coming months this [PA] policy will change," Frej said, adding that a different mechanism would be created that would be acceptable to everyone. It was an allusion to past proposals to sway the PA to change its method of payment, which now provides the largest financial reward for those who have committed the most serious terror attack and the least reward for those only marginally involved in terror.
The international community would prefer a social welfare system for Palestinians jailed by Israel that provided equitable payments based solely on financial needs.
Frej spoke prior to Wednesday's meeting of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) meeting in Oslo. It's a 15-member body chaired by Norway that meets at least twice a year to oversee donor funding to the Palestinians.
The minister heads the Israeli delegation to the AHLC that includes representatives from the Foreign, Economic and Defense ministries.
Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
In advance of the AHLC meeting, the World Bank and the Office of the UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process [UNSCO] published reports about the PA's dire financial crisis, warning that it faced a $1.36 billion deficit this year and may not be able to meet its salary payments.
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AMONG THE issues highlighted by the World Bank is an 85% drop in donor funding over the last 13 years, from $1.2 billion in 2008 to $184 million this year.
Both reports spoke against Israel's policy of penalizing the PA for the terror payments, which Israel has dubbed, "pay-for-slay."
Israel withholds that sum, some NIS 50 million a month, from its transfer to Ramallah of the tax fees it collects on behalf of the PA. In August, Israel increased the sums it withholds to NIS 100 million monthly. But in light of the PA's financial distress, Israel in the fall provided the PA with a NIS 500 million loan to offset the money it had withheld.
In Oslo, Frej plans to ask donor countries that attend the AHLC to restore funding to the PA. On Wednesday morning, Israel radio quizzed him about the discrepancy in Israel's policy, which both penalizes the PA for pay-for-slay but helps it attain financial stability.
It's in Israel's interest to strengthen the Palestinian economy, Frej said. "No one is doing anyone any favors here," he said.
Frej added that he believed the situation would change. "I see there is a desire among the Palestinians to change this situation," he said, adding that the US is working on this issue as well. "They are also not releasing money because of this," he said.
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UNSCO in its report to the AHLC also said that the "PA is weighing options for resolving the so-called 'prisoners payments' issue."
It explained that these payments "greatly complicate Palestinian relations with Israel and key donors. International technical assistance could help the PA instead strengthen its existing cash transfer program that targets the most vulnerable Palestinian households."
ON MONDAY, PA Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh told his cabinet that he had no intention of backing down on this issue, adding that he would press donor countries to pressure Israel to halt its tax deductions.
Shtayyeh, who arrived in Oslo on Tuesday, had a private meeting with Frej. The two are also scheduled to meet publicly on Wednesday, as part of the AHLC discussions.
Frej has also met with PA Finance Minister Shuki Bishara and Norwegian Foreign Minister Anniken Huitfeldt.
While at the AHLC Frej also intends to speak of ways that the Abraham Accords, which normalize ties between Israel and four Arab countries, can also benefit the Palestinian economy.
FREJ IS also open to adapting the 1994 Paris Protocol that governs the financial arrangements between Israeli and the PA to better accommodate the situation in 2021.
It would be the first such change since the protocol was signed.
Regional Cooperation Minister Esawi Frej at the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) meeting in Oslo, November 17, 2021. (credit: DEEPIKA RAI)
In advance of the Wednesday meeting, Huitfeldt spoke optimistically of the event, noting that contacts that had already occurred between Israeli and Palestinian officials in the last months had created a better atmosphere by which progress could be made on economic issues.
"The ongoing contact between the parties has created a new, more positive dynamic. The parties are seeking to revitalize their cooperation, particularly cooperation relating to the economy and trade," she said.
"This is crucial in order to strengthen the Palestinian economy, meet basic needs, especially in Gaza, and reduce the risk of further escalations of violence,’ Huitfeldt said.
"The economy in Palestine has been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic," she said. "Poverty and unemployment are on the rise. The escalation of violence between Israel and Palestinian armed groups in Gaza in May brought further suffering to the civilian population."
The foreign minister added that although Gaza violence has not renewed, the situation both there and in the West Bank remains tense.
"I am concerned that the conflict could quickly flare up again, and I urge all parties to show restraint,’ she said.
The AHLC is composed of the EU, the UN, the IMF, the World Bank, the PA, the US, Russia, Norway, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Tunisia.
According to Norway, however, there are 30 countries and entities participating in Wednesday's meeting in Oslo.
巴勒斯坦人在無政府狀態日益嚴重的情況下擔心“內戰”
在過去的幾天裡，由於學生和敵對部落之間的校園暴力衝突，四所大學被關閉。
由哈利·阿布·托梅
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 17:25
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 21:08
在約旦河西岸城市傑寧，在與以色列安全部隊的槍戰中一夜之間死亡的巴勒斯坦警察泰西爾·伊薩 (Tayseer Issa) 的葬禮上，蒙面的巴勒斯坦人拿著槍
（圖片來源：NASSER ISHTAYEH/FLASH90）
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週三，在約旦河西岸某些地區的無政府狀態和暴力事件增多的情況下，巴勒斯坦權力機構在執行法律和秩序方面做得不夠。
巴勒斯坦平民警告說，暴力可能導致“內戰”，尤其是希伯倫和約旦河西岸北部的大型部落和武裝團伙之間。
在過去的幾天裡，由於學生和敵對部落之間的校園暴力衝突，四所大學被關閉。
耶路撒冷南部阿布迪斯的聖城大學在附近村莊 Al-Sawahreh 的蒙面槍手向學生和講師的汽車開火後關閉。槍擊事件與大學附近停車場的糾紛有關。
拉馬拉以北的比爾澤特大學在屬於與法塔赫有關聯的敵對團體的學生之間發生暴力衝突後關閉。
拉馬拉附近的比爾時代大學（圖片來源：FLICKR）
週二，希伯倫大學和希伯倫的巴勒斯坦理工大學在屬於不和氏族的學生之間爆發了暴力鬥毆後關閉。
此外，數十間房屋、企業和商店被縱火，尤其是在希伯倫，在過去一周，蒙面槍手一直在那裡進行巷戰。
大多數槍手屬於 Ja'bari 和 Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh 部族。
“希伯倫的局勢非常危險，”希伯倫最大部族之一的領導人阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜·蓋斯 (Abdel Wahab Gheith) 說。“我們認為巴勒斯坦權力機構對希伯倫的安全混亂負責。”
蓋思指出，上個月訪問希伯倫的巴勒斯坦權力機構總理穆罕默德·施泰耶承諾將在該市部署數百名警察以維持法律和秩序。
“巴勒斯坦權力機構向希伯倫派遣了 500 名軍官，局勢平靜了近一個月，”蓋斯說。“我們晚上不再聽到槍聲。但我們驚訝地發現，這些軍官後來被重新部署到傑寧地區。”
在希伯倫的巴勒斯坦權力機構內閣召開緊急會議討論結束敵對部族之間暴力衝突的方法後，這些軍官被派往希伯倫。
本週早些時候，Ja'bari 和 Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh 部族之間的戰鬥重新開始。至少有四人受傷。該市消息人士稱，20 多棟房屋、車輛和企業被縱火焚燒。
Ja'baris 指責敵對部族的一名成員是兩個月前殺害出租車司機 Basel Ja'bari 的幕後黑手。他們聲稱巴勒斯坦權力機構沒有採取任何措施來懲罰肇事者。
“每天晚上，都有數十名槍手在希伯倫各地交火，”希伯倫商人海瑟姆·拉賈比 (Haitham Rajabi) 說。“街頭沒有巴勒斯坦安全部隊的存在。這表明巴勒斯坦權力機構要么無法控制局勢，要么不想這樣做。”
他的部落首領之一艾哈邁德·賈巴里聲稱，許多槍手和罪犯都與巴勒斯坦權力機構執政的法塔赫派係有關聯。
“法塔赫控制著巴勒斯坦安全部隊，”他說。“這意味著，那些在夜間恐嚇希伯倫居民的暴徒和罪犯，在白天都是同樣的執法者。”
據賈巴里說，敵對部族使用的一些武器屬於巴勒斯坦權力機構安全部隊。
賈巴里透露，希伯倫一些部族的首領已呼籲阿卜杜拉國王派遣約旦軍隊前往該市以停止戰鬥和暴力。
“通過呼籲約旦國王，我們試圖向巴勒斯坦權力機構發出一個信息，即它必須立即進行干預以恢復法律和秩序，”他補充說。“這是一個旨在促使巴勒斯坦領導人在為時已晚之前醒來的信息。我們這些天目睹的是一場真正的內戰。”
與此同時，暴力事件已蔓延到西岸的其他地區，巴勒斯坦人也指責巴勒斯坦權力機構未能執行法律和秩序。
在傑寧地區發生了幾起事件，哈馬斯和巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭聖戰組織（PIJ）在該地區有強大的存在。
傑寧的消息人士稱，上週在傑寧附近的 Al-Sileh Al-Harthiyeh 村，巴勒斯坦權力機構安全人員與身份不明的槍手之間爆發了武裝衝突，並補充說沒有人員傷亡。
本週早些時候，巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯解雇了傑寧的巴勒斯坦安全部隊指揮官。此舉是在包括哈馬斯和 PIJ 槍手在內的數千名巴勒斯坦人參加了上週死於 COVID-19 的哈馬斯高級官員瓦斯菲卡巴哈的葬禮之後做出的。
許多巴勒斯坦人認為，傑寧街頭的大量投票和蒙面槍手的存在是對阿巴斯和巴勒斯坦權力機構領導層的直接挑戰。哈馬斯領導人吹噓說，大量投票表明他們在西岸的團體及其意識形態得到了越來越多的支持。
一些巴勒斯坦人相信，巴勒斯坦權力機構對採取嚴厲措施結束暴力並不真正感興趣。
“只要暴力不是針對巴勒斯坦權力機構，你就不會看到嚴厲打擊那些應對無政府狀態負責的人，”傑寧居民埃馬德納賽爾說。“巴勒斯坦民族權力機構知道，當由數千人組成的部族選擇相互爭鬥時，它的手就束手無策了。追捕那些實施武裝搶劫和參與販毒的人要比找一個龐大而強大的家族惹麻煩要容易得多，後者的成員甚至可能在巴勒斯坦權力機構及其安全部隊擔任高級職務。”
巴勒斯坦獨立人權委員會（ICHR）表示，它嚴重關切希伯倫再次發生混亂和不安全的情況。
該組織表示，最近在該市及其周邊地區發生的衝突中使用了槍支和機槍。
ICHR在一份聲明中說：“這些令人遺憾的事件植根於根深蒂固的社會背景，符合復仇價值觀以及行動和反應的原則，必須結束。”
“他們嚴重危害社會結構和社區安全。這些罪行還損害公民的基本權利和自由，造成財產損失，否定法治，並使集體懲罰合法化，將法律掌握在自己手中。”
ICHR 呼籲巴勒斯坦權力機構採取必要措施保護巴勒斯坦人的生命和財產。
它還呼籲它以公平公正的方式執行法治，防止武器擴散並沒收所有非法槍支。•
Palestinians fear ‘civil war’ amid growing anarchy
In the past few days, four universities were shut due to violent clashes on campuses between students and rival clans.
By KHALED ABU TOAMEH
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 17:25
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 21:08
Masked Palestinians hold their guns during the funeral of Palestinian police officer Tayseer Issa, who died overnight during a shootout with Israeli security forces, in the West Bank city of Jenin
(photo credit: NASSER ISHTAYEH/FLASH90)
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Charges that the Palestinian Authority was not doing enough to enforce law and order, amid increased scenes of anarchy and violence in some parts of the West Bank, emerged Wednesday.
Palestinian civilians warned that the violence could lead to “civil war,” especially between large clans and armed gangs in Hebron and the northern West Bank.
In the past few days, four universities were shuttered due to violent clashes on campuses between students and rival clans.
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Al-Quds University in Abu Dis, south of Jerusalem, closed after masked gunmen from the nearby village of Al-Sawahreh opened fire at cars belonging to students and lecturers. The shooting is connected to a dispute over a parking lot near the university.
Bir Zeit University, north of Ramallah, closed following violent clashes between students belonging to rival Fatah-affiliated groups.
Bir Zeit University near Ramallah (credit: FLICKR)
On Tuesday, Hebron University and the Palestine Polytechnic University in Hebron closed after violent brawls erupted between students belonging to feuding clans.
In addition, dozens of houses, businesses and shops were set alight, especially in Hebron, where masked gunmen have been engaged in street fighting over the past week.
Most of the gunmen belong to the Ja’bari and Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh clans.
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“The situation in Hebron is very dangerous,” said Abdel Wahab Gheith, a leader of one of Hebron’s largest clans. “We hold the Palestinian Authority responsible for the security chaos in Hebron.”
Gheith pointed out that PA Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh, who visited Hebron last month, promised to deploy hundreds of police officers in the city to maintain law and order.
“The Palestinian Authority sent 500 officers to Hebron and the situation was calm for nearly one month,” Gheith said. “We stopped hearing gunfire at night. But we were surprised to see that the officers were later redeployed to the Jenin area.”
The officers were dispatched to Hebron after an emergency meeting of the PA cabinet in Hebron to discuss ways of ending violent clashes between rival clans.
Earlier this week, the fighting between the Ja’bari and Al-Awaiwi/Abu Eisheh clans resumed. At least four people were injured. Sources in the city said that more than 20 houses, vehicles and businesses were torched.
The Ja’baris accuse a member of the rival clan of being behind the killing of taxi driver Basel Ja’bari two months ago. They claim that the PA has done nothing to punish the culprits.
“Every night, dozens of gunmen exchange gunfire in various parts of Hebron,” said Hebron businessman Haitham Rajabi. “There is no presence of the Palestinian security forces on the streets. This is a sign that the Palestinian Authority is either unable to control the situation or does not want to do so.”
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Ahmed Ja’bari, one of the heads of his clan, claimed that many of the gunmen and criminals are affiliated with the PA’s ruling Fatah faction.
“Fatah is in control of the Palestinian security forces,” he said. “This means that the thugs and criminals who are terrorizing the residents of Hebron at night are the same law-enforcers during the day.”
According to Ja’bari, some of the weapons used by the rival clans belong to the PA security forces.
The heads of some of Hebron’s clans have appealed to King Abdullah to send Jordanian troops to the city to stop the fighting and violence, Ja’bari revealed.
“By appealing to the king of Jordan, we are trying to send a message to the Palestinian Authority that it must intervene immediately to restore law and order,” he added. “It is a message aiming at provoking the Palestinian leadership into waking up before it’s too late. What we are witnessing these days is a real civil war.”
The violence, meanwhile, has spread to other parts of the West Bank, where Palestinians have also accused the PA of failure to enforce law and order.
Several incidents took place in the Jenin area, where Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) have a strong presence.
In the village of Al-Sileh Al-Harthiyeh, near Jenin, armed clashes erupted last week between PA security officers and unidentified gunmen, sources in Jenin said, adding that there were no casualties.
Earlier this week, PA President Mahmoud Abbas fired the commanders of the Palestinian security forces in Jenin. The move came after thousands of Palestinians, including Hamas and PIJ gunmen, participated in the funeral of Wasfi Kabaha, a senior Hamas official who died last week of COVID-19.
The large turnout and the presence of masked gunmen on the streets of Jenin was seen by many Palestinians as a direct challenge to Abbas and the PA leadership. Hamas leaders boasted that the large turnout was a sign of increased support for their group and its ideology in the West Bank.
Some Palestinians are convinced that the PA is not really interested in taking drastic measures to end the violence.
“As long as the violence is not directed against the Palestinian Authority, you won’t see a serious effort to crack down on those responsible for the anarchy,” said Jenin resident Emad Nasser. “The Palestinian Authority knows that its hands are tied when clans consisting of thousands of people choose to fight each other. It’s much easier to go after individuals who carry out armed robberies and are involved in drug trafficking than getting into trouble with a large and powerful clan, whose members may even be serving in senior positions in the Palestinian Authority and its security forces.”
The Palestinian Independent Commission for Human Rights (ICHR) said that it views with grave concern the recurrence of disorder and rampant insecurity in Hebron.
The group said that firearms and machine guns were used during the recent clashes in the city and its surroundings.
“Embedded in a deep-rooted social context and catering to values of vengeance and the principle of action and reaction, these regrettable events must be brought to an end,” ICHR said in a statement.
“They seriously jeopardize the social fabric and community safety. These offenses also undermine citizen’s fundamental rights and freedoms, cause the destruction of property, disavow the rule of law, and legitimize collective punishment by taking the law into one’s own hands.”
ICHR called on the PA to take necessary measures to protect the lives and properties of Palestinians.
It further called for it to enforce the rule of law in a fair and equitable manner, to prevent the proliferation of weapons and to confiscate all illegal firearms.•
土耳其是否會製造新的危機以分散貨幣歷史低點的注意力？- 分析
每次執政政權在國內四面楚歌時，都會製造一場假危機。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 16:42
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 17 日 17:39
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 3 月 4 日在土耳其安卡拉通過視頻鏈接參加了他執政的 AK 黨的會議。
（圖片來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
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土耳其里拉兌美元和其他貨幣處於歷史低位——這對土耳其經濟和中產階級來說都是個壞消息。
雖然貨幣略微疲軟有時對出口有利，因為在國外可以更容易地獲得更便宜的出口商品，但貨幣貶值過多是經濟不景氣的證據，並可能導致混亂和不穩定。
安卡拉及其右翼宗教民族主義執政黨多年來一直在破壞中東和東地中海的穩定，經常威脅北約成員國，並在不同時期挑戰埃及、阿聯酋、沙特阿拉伯、塞浦路斯、亞美尼亞、以色列、印度和許多其他國家。
土耳其還發起了前所未有的一系列開放式軍事冒險，導致敘利亞阿夫林的種族清洗、2019 年對美國支持的反伊斯蘭國戰士的襲擊、伊拉克辛賈爾地區的雅茲迪少數民族遭到轟炸、對庫爾德人的襲擊，甚至世界各地針對土耳其持不同政見者的非法引渡和綁架。
就安卡拉而言，貨幣貶值並未導致戰爭和不穩定；相反，土耳其的執政黨似乎在國內外危機中茁壯成長，導致人們擔心這可能會損害該國經濟。
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 10 月 16 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話（來源：REUTERS/MURAD SEZER）
執政的正發黨在 2000 年代初上台，承諾進行經濟改革。事實上，土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安曾被認為對土耳其的經濟有利。
但多年來威權主義日益增強、對每一個批評記者的迫害以及因開玩笑和其他隨意行為而監禁的人，使該國陷入低迷。
土耳其是一個崛起的地區領導者。它已與俄羅斯簽署了購買 S-400 的協議；與俄羅斯建立了土耳其流管道；與利比亞四面楚歌的政府簽署了一項協議，以搶奪東地中海的能源資源；並聲稱將與伊朗、中國、俄羅斯、阿塞拜疆甚至伊拉克、波蘭、烏克蘭和其他國家在經濟問題上進行更密切的合作。
由於安卡拉的媒體幾乎都受政府控製或支持執政黨，他們普遍模仿政權的敘事，因此無法相信來自安卡拉媒體或與安卡拉有關聯的爪牙的任何細節，並在外國媒體上推其敘事. 關於安卡拉與地區國家“和解”或“無人機銷售”的虛假報導經常出現，但與現實無關。
因此，土耳其將自己定位為無人機在歐洲、中東和非洲等地銷售的新興大國，但往往很難確認細節。
然而，貨幣走弱的故事是可以證實的。土耳其里拉繼續創下歷史新低。本週它兌美元匯率達到了 10.42 里拉。此前，在 2018 年 8 月和 2020 年 11 月，美元兌美元匯率分別達到 6.29 和 8.52，這些峰值曾出現減弱。
並不總是清楚是什麼事件觸發了貨幣貶值。有人指出外交政策失誤以及土耳其政權繼續挑起危機的方式。
例如，10 月份，在西方民主國家批評安卡拉的人權記錄後，它威脅要驅逐 10 名西方民主國家的大使。
該政權還威脅要從科巴尼和敘利亞其他地區入侵和種族清洗庫爾德人。土耳其一直非法佔領敘利亞北部的大片地區，並僱傭僱傭軍和極端組織（其中一些與基地組織有關聯）來騷擾少數民族，驅逐庫爾德人、基督徒和雅茲迪人。
但安卡拉在科巴尼和其他地區的設計顯然遭到俄羅斯和美國的反對，這與 2019 年 10 月美國總統唐納德特朗普批准土耳其入侵和摧毀美國支持的敘利亞民主力量所在的敘利亞部分地區不同。目前，拜登政府尚未將美國在敘利亞的政策移交給埃爾多安。
然而，敘利亞和大使危機可能不是唯一發生的事情。土耳其表面上正試圖與阿聯酋和解，並一直在與伊朗進行高層會晤。安卡拉是《大西洋月刊》最近封面上提到的幾個專制政權之一。這個故事認為，這些政權正在“獲勝”，因為他們正在努力破壞美國和其他西方民主國家。
伊朗外交部長侯賽因·阿米拉卜杜拉希安本週表示，最近的伊朗-土耳其會議包括就加強關係的“長期合作路線圖”草案進行談判。德黑蘭與中國簽訂了 25 年的協議，土耳其可能也想要類似的協議。
“我們希望在土耳其著名總統埃爾多安先生未來訪問德黑蘭時敲定路線圖，”阿米拉布多拉希安本週在德黑蘭接待土耳其外長恰武什奧盧時說。
安卡拉還告訴本國媒體和西方媒體的友好記者，它將開啟與阿拉伯聯合酋長國關係的“新時代”。它計劃舉辦一次重大訪問，但這些報導也被提供給某些媒體以製造嗡嗡聲，並使阿聯酋處於尷尬的境地。根據下週發生的情況，安卡拉可能會吹噓它在海灣地區也取得了新的進展。
但土耳其可能需要的不僅僅是一次會議。它已經與卡塔爾有著密切的聯繫，他們共同支持該地區的穆斯林兄弟會和哈馬斯等團體。但總的來說，土耳其在利比亞、伊德利蔔等地區的作用並沒有帶來太大的穩定。它在伊拉克庫爾德斯坦地區的投資是另一回事：土耳其的酒店和工業幫助將該地區轉變為伊拉克最成功的地區。
土耳其也在推動自己成為黎巴嫩-海灣危機的調解人。沙特阿拉伯及其盟友對黎巴嫩的言論感到憤怒，這些言論為伊朗支持的正在與沙特阿拉伯作戰的胡塞武裝辯護。土耳其希望在黎巴嫩發揮更大的作用。它現在還因拘留一對以色列夫婦而與以色列發生危機。
這指向混合消息傳遞。土耳其希望與伊朗和阿聯酋建立關係。它聲稱現在正在世界各地銷售其無人機，從波蘭到烏克蘭再到非洲國家。然而，貨幣一直在貶值。在多年的國家聽到一個宣傳同時看到威脅行為之後，似乎對安卡拉缺乏信心。例如，土耳其在 2020 年挑起了與希臘的危機。
安卡拉的行為——從 2017 年襲擊華盛頓的美國抗議者到 2018 年入侵阿夫林——似乎是特朗普政府促成的。2020 年 11 月的貨幣下跌可能代表了投資者在土耳其在白宮的盟友 11 月 3 日輸掉選舉後的擔憂。隨著特朗普輸掉選舉，貨幣下跌，限制了 2020 年下跌 30%。它在 2020 年 11 月 8 日反彈，當中央銀行發生重組時。
土耳其採取了其他可能影響其貨幣的奇怪步驟。除了依賴與俄羅斯和伊朗的關係外，它還與委內瑞拉的專制馬杜羅政權關係密切。據稱，加拉加斯在 2019 年向安卡拉出售了大量黃金儲備。
不知道接下來會發生什麼。過去，每次執政政權在國內四面楚歌，都製造了一場假危機。它威脅到荷蘭、奧地利等歐洲各國，欺負世界各國，挑起敘利亞、高加索等地的衝突。在經濟方面，這些危機都沒有幫助土耳其。
Will Turkey make new crisis from distract currency's historic low? - analysis
Every time the ruling regime is embattled at home, it creates a fake crisis.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 16:42
Updated: NOVEMBER 17, 2021 17:39
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting of his ruling AK Party via video link in Ankara, Turkey March 4, 2021.
(photo credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Turkey’s lira is at historic lows to the US dollar and other currencies – which is bad news for Turkey’s economy and for its middle class.
While a slightly weaker currency can sometimes be good for exports, because cheaper export goods can be acquired abroad easier, having the currency decline too much is evidence of a bad economy and can lead to chaos and instability.
Ankara and its right-wing religious-nationalist ruling party have been destabilizing the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean for years, often threatening members of NATO, as well as challenging, at various times, Egypt, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Cyprus, Armenia, Israel, India and many other countries.
Turkey has also launched an unprecedented series of open-ended military adventures, leading to ethnic cleansing in Syria’s Afrin, an attack on US-backed anti-ISIS fighters in 2019, the bombing of Yazidi minorities in Iraq’s Sinjar district, attacks on Kurds and even illegal renditions and kidnappings around the world directed at Turkish dissidents.
In Ankara’s case, the decline of the currency didn’t lead to wars and instability; rather Turkey’s ruling party has appeared to thrive on crises at home and abroad, leading to concerns about how this may harm the country’s economy.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a news conference in Istanbul, Turkey October 16, 2021 (credit: REUTERS/MURAD SEZER)
The ruling AKP Party came to power in the early 2000s with promises of economic reform. In fact, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan was once thought of as an economic positive for Turkey.
But years of increasing authoritarianism, the persecution of every critical journalist and imprisoning people for making jokes and other random acts have led the country into the doldrums.
TURKEY POSES as a rising regional leader. It has signed deals with Russia to buy the S-400; has built a TurkStream pipeline with Russia; has signed a deal with Libya’s embattled government to grab up energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean; and is claiming to be working more closely on economic issues with Iran, China, Russia, Azerbaijan and even Iraq, Poland, Ukraine and other states.
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Because Ankara’s media are almost all controlled by the government or support the ruling party, they generally parrot regime narratives, so it is impossible to trust any details that come from Ankara’s media or the minions that are linked to Ankara and push its narratives in foreign media. False reports about Ankara’s “reconciliation” with regional states or about “drone sales” will often appear but have no connection to reality.
Thus Turkey pitches itself as a rising power with drone sales in Europe, the Middle East and Africa and other connections, but it’s often hard to confirm the details.
The story of the currency weakening, however, is one that can be confirmed. Turkey’s lira continues to see record lows. This week it reached 10.42 lira to the US dollar. It has seen these spikes in weakening before, in August 2018 and in November 2020, when it reached 6.29 and 8.52, respectively, to the dollar.
It’s not always clear what event triggers the weakening of the currency. Some point to foreign policy blunders and the way Turkey’s regime continues to provoke crises.
For instance, in October it threatened to expel 10 ambassadors of Western democratic states after those countries critiqued Ankara’s human rights record.
The regime also threatened to invade and ethnically cleanse Kurds from Kobani and other parts of Syria. Turkey has always occupied illegally a swath of northern Syria, and hired mercenaries and extremist groups, some linked to al-Qaeda, to harass minorities, expelling Kurds, Christians and Yazidis.
But Ankara’s designs on Kobani and other areas apparently were opposed by Russia and the US, unlike in October 2019 when US president Donald Trump gave Turkey a green light to invade and destroy parts of Syria where the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces were located. For now, the Biden administration hasn’t turned over US policy in Syria to Erdogan.
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HOWEVER, THE Syria and ambassador crises may not be the only things going on. Turkey ostensibly is trying to reconcile with the UAE and has been conducting high-level meetings with Iran. Ankara’s is one of several authoritarian regimes called out on a recent cover of The Atlantic. The story argued that these regimes are “winning” as they work to undermine the US and other Western democracies.
The recent Iran-Turkey meetings included talks for a draft of a “long-term cooperation road map” to increase ties, Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian said this week. Tehran has a 25-year agreement with China, and Turkey may want something similar.
“We hope to finalize the road map in a future visit to Tehran by Mr. Erdogan, the eminent Turkish president,” Amirabdollahian said this week, as he hosted his Turkish counterpart Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu in Tehran.
Ankara is also telling its own media, and friendly reporters in Western media, that it is going to begin a “new era” in relations with the United Arab Emirates. It is planning to host a major visit, but these reports have also been fed to certain media to create a buzz and put the UAE in an awkward position. Depending on what happens in the next week, Ankara could brag that it has also created new inroads in the Gulf.
But Turkey probably needs more than just a meeting. It already has close ties to Qatar, and together they backed the Muslim Brotherhood and groups like Hamas around the region. But in general Turkey’s role in Libya, Idlib and other areas has not led to much stability. Its investment in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is another matter: Turkish hotels and industry have helped transform the area into Iraq’s most successful region.
TURKEY IS also pushing itself as a mediator in the Lebanon-Gulf crisis. Saudi Arabia and its allies have been angered by comments in Lebanon that have justified the Iranian-backed Houthis who are fighting Saudi Arabia. Turkey wants a larger role in Lebanon. And it has now also created a crisis with Israel over detaining an Israeli couple.
This points to mixed messaging. Turkey wants to build ties with Iran and the UAE. It claims to be selling its drones all over the world now, from Poland to Ukraine to countries in Africa. However, the currency keeps declining. It seems there is a lack of confidence in Ankara after years of countries hearing one piece of propaganda while seeing threatening behavior at the same time. Turkey provoked crises with Greece, for instance, in 2020.
It appears that Ankara’s behavior – from attacking US protesters in Washington in 2017 to the invasion of Afrin in 2018 – was enabled by the Trump administration. Currency declines in November 2020 may represent the concerns investors had after Turkey’s ally in the White House lost the election on November 3. The currency declined as Trump lost the election, capping a 30% decline in 2020. It bounced back on November 8, 2020, when there was a shake-up at the central bank.
Turkey has taken other strange steps that may have affected its currency. In addition to relying on ties with Russia and Iran, it became close to the authoritarian Maduro regime in Venezuela. Caracas supposedly sold Ankara a large amount of gold reserves in 2019.
It’s not known what may come next. In the past, every time the ruling regime was embattled at home, it created a fake crisis. It has threatened various European countries, from the Netherlands to Austria, has bullied countries around the world and has stoked conflicts in Syria, the Caucasus and other places. None of these crises has helped Turkey when it comes to the economy.
歐盟準備對白俄羅斯實施制裁 法國警告俄羅斯
法國周一告訴俄羅斯，北約將準備捍衛烏克蘭的主權，而西方領導人則試圖解決歐盟東部邊界的移民危機。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 16 日 11:53
12 月 2 日，法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍（Emmanuel Macron）在巴黎與國際合作夥伴舉行的視頻會議上發表講話，討論為財政拮据的黎巴嫩提供人道主義援助。
（照片來源：IAN LANGSDON/POOL VIA REUTERS）
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法國周一告訴俄羅斯，北約將準備捍衛烏克蘭的主權，在北約稱莫斯科一直在進行部隊集結的地方附近，而西方領導人則試圖解決歐盟東部邊界的移民危機。
歐盟同意加強對白俄羅斯的製裁，原因是數以千計的移民滯留在與歐盟接壤的冰凍森林中。俄羅斯的親密盟友白俄羅斯表示，它助長了危機的說法是“荒謬的”。
作為西方領導人與俄羅斯、白俄羅斯和烏克蘭之間一系列對話的一部分，這位法國領導人通過電話與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京 (Vladimir Putin) 交談，表達了他對烏克蘭邊境局勢的強烈關切。
來自 Jpost 的最新文章
“總統重申了我們捍衛烏克蘭主權和領土完整的意願，”馬克龍的一名顧問在談到馬克龍發起的對話時告訴記者。
克里姆林宮發言人德米特里·佩斯科夫（Dmitry Peskov）早些時候駁斥了美國國務院關於白俄羅斯邊境危機旨在轉移人們對俄羅斯在另一個前蘇聯加盟共和國烏克蘭附近增加軍事活動的注意力的聲明是“錯誤的”。
在領土國防軍於 2021 年 11 月 12 日發布的這張照片中，波蘭士兵和警察在波蘭庫茲尼察附近的波蘭/白俄羅斯邊境觀察移民。（圖片來源：IREK DOROZANSKI/DWOT/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS）
歐盟正在尋求阻止它所說的白俄羅斯推動移民走向它的政策，以報復早先對去年針對資深領導人亞歷山大·盧卡申科（Alexander Lukashenko）有爭議的連任的抗議活動進行鎮壓的製裁。
白俄羅斯和俄羅斯都一再否認任何角色。
北約秘書長延斯·斯托爾滕貝格週一早些時候表示，北約不想推測俄羅斯對烏克蘭的意圖，同時補充說：“我們看到部隊異常集中，我們知道俄羅斯之前一直願意使用這些類型的軍事能力。對烏克蘭採取積極行動。”
伊万卡·特朗普和賈里德·庫什納在印度溪達成 3200 萬美元的交易後租用邁阿密公寓由 Mansion Global 贊助
美國的擔憂
美國國防部表示，它繼續看到俄羅斯在與烏克蘭接壤的邊界附近集中兵力並進行不尋常的軍事活動。五角大樓發言人約翰柯比表示，集結令人擔憂，美國國防部長勞埃德奧斯汀將於週四會見烏克蘭國防部長。
2014 年，俄羅斯支持的分離主義分子在一場持續不斷的衝突中控制了烏克蘭東部的頓巴斯地區。同年早些時候，在前蘇聯共和國尋求與歐盟建立更密切的關係後，莫斯科還從烏克蘭吞併了克里米亞。
莫斯科聲稱克里米亞周圍的黑海水域，儘管大多數國家認為該半島仍屬於烏克蘭。
在克里姆林宮宣讀與馬克龍的通話時，普京表示，美國及其盟友在后海舉行的大規模軍事演習是一種“挑釁”。
克里姆林宮說：“這加劇了俄羅斯與北約之間關係的緊張局勢。”
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兩位領導人還討論了移民危機。馬克龍的顧問表示，他們已就降級的必要性達成一致，而克里姆林宮重申俄羅斯堅持要求歐盟直接與明斯克討論。
移民——主要來自伊拉克和阿富汗——今年開始出現在白俄羅斯與歐盟的陸地邊界上，試圖通過以前從未使用過的路線進入成員國立陶宛、拉脫維亞和波蘭。
歐盟最高外交官何塞普博雷爾表示，歐盟外交部長已經同意了第五套制裁措施，並將在未來幾天內敲定。他說，他們的目標是航空公司、旅行社和參與“非法推動移民”的個人。
拉脫維亞週一表示，它已經部署了 3,000 名士兵，用於在邊境附近舉行的先前未宣布的軍事演習。它、立陶宛和波蘭組成了歐盟和北約的東翼，而烏克蘭不是這兩個西方集團的成員。
波蘭警方在推特上說，數百名移民（其中一些是投擲石塊）週一再次嘗試越過波蘭 Starzyna 村附近的邊境，但被迫返回。
德國政府發言人說，德國總理默克爾和盧卡申科通過電話討論了對難民和移民的人道主義援助。
自去年白俄羅斯總統大選引發示威者大規模抗議以來，白俄羅斯總統與西方領導人之間的首次接觸，指責盧卡申科選舉舞弊，他否認這一指控。
發言人說，默克爾和盧卡申科同意繼續交流，但沒有表明取得突破。最近幾天，默克爾兩次與普京通話。
航空公司
路透社的一項調查顯示，近幾個月來，中東旅行社與白俄羅斯的運營商合作，為數千人提供了旅遊簽證。
歐盟執行機構歐洲委員會表示，在歐盟禁止白俄羅斯國有航空公司白俄羅斯航空進入白俄羅斯的天空和機場後，它正在調查其他航空公司是否應該面臨制裁。愛爾蘭表示，歐盟與 Belavia 的飛機租賃合同也將終止。
盧卡申科說，白俄羅斯試圖說服移民回家，但他們都不想返回。他說，明斯克將對任何新的歐盟制裁進行報復。
幾個月來，歐盟一直在加強對白俄羅斯的製裁。已經實施的限制措施包括將盧卡申科、他的兒子和其他 165 名白俄羅斯官員列入黑名單，以及對鉀肥貿易的限制，鉀肥是一種重要的出口產品。
在華盛頓，白宮表示正在與歐盟盟國保持密切聯繫，以追究白俄羅斯政府的責任。
已派出戰略轟炸機在白俄羅斯上空巡邏的克里姆林宮表示，普京周日與盧卡申科進行了交談，儘管明斯克威脅要切斷通過亞馬爾管道到歐洲的運輸，但莫斯科沒有計劃將天然氣從白俄羅斯轉移出去。
波蘭和白俄羅斯之間 200 公里長的陸地邊界沿線至少有 8 人死於寒冷和疲憊。人煙稀少的湖泊、沼澤和森林對試圖在 11 月寒冷夜晚圍著篝火取暖的人們變得更加敵對。
歐盟的博雷爾敦促華沙允許在邊境提供人道主義援助，波蘭在那裡部署了大約 20,000 名警察、邊防警衛和士兵。
France warns Russia as EU prepares sanctions on Belarus
France told Russia on Monday NATO would be prepared to defend the sovereignty of Ukraine, while Western leaders sought to tackle a migrants crisis on the EU's eastern borders.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 16, 2021 11:53
FRENCH PRESIDENT Emmanuel Macron speaks during a video conference with international partners to discuss humanitarian aid for financially-strapped Lebanon, in Paris on December 2.
(photo credit: IAN LANGSDON/POOL VIA REUTERS)
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France told Russia on Monday NATO would be prepared to defend the sovereignty of Ukraine, near where NATO says Moscow has been staging a troop buildup, while Western leaders sought to tackle a migrants crisis on the eastern borders of the European Union.
The European Union agreed to step up sanctions against Belarus over thousands of migrants stranded in freezing forests on its borders with the EU. Belarus, a close Russian ally, said assertions it had fueled the crisis were "absurd."
Speaking by telephone to Russian President Vladimir Putin as part of a flurry of conversations between Western leaders and Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, the French leader spoke of his strong concern over the situation on Ukraine's borders.
"Our willingness to defend Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity was reiterated by the president," an adviser to Macron told reporters of the conversation Macron initiated.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov earlier dismissed as "wrong" a US State Department statement that the Belarus border crisis was meant to distract attention from increased Russian military activity close to Ukraine, another former Soviet republic.
Polish soldiers and police watch migrants at the Poland/Belarus border near Kuznica, Poland, in this photograph released by the Territorial Defence Forces, November 12, 2021. (credit: IREK DOROZANSKI/DWOT/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
The EU is seeking to stop what it says is a policy by Belarus to push migrants towards it to avenge earlier sanctions over a crackdown on protests last year against veteran leader Alexander Lukashenko's contested re-election.
Belarus and Russia have both repeatedly denied any role.
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said earlier on Monday NATO did not want to speculate on Russia's intentions on Ukraine, while adding: "We see an unusual concentration of troops, and we know that Russia has been willing to use these types of military capabilities before to conduct aggressive actions against Ukraine."
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US CONCERN
The US Defense Department said it continued to see Russia concentrate forces along with unusual military activity near its border with Ukraine. Pentagon spokesman John Kirby said the build-up was concerning and US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin would meet his Ukrainian counterpart on Thursday.
Russian-backed separatists took control of Ukraine's eastern Donbass region in 2014 in a conflict that has rumbled on. Moscow also annexed Crimea from Ukraine earlier that year after the former Soviet republic sought closer ties with the EU.
Moscow claims the Black Sea waters around Crimea, although most countries consider the peninsula still Ukrainian.
In the Kremlin's readout of the call with Macron, Putin said large-scale military drills staged by the United States and its allies in the Back Sea were a "provocation."
"This is increasing tensions in relations between Russia and NATO," the Kremlin said.
The two leaders also discussed the migrants crisis. Macron's adviser said they had agreed on the need for a deescalation while the Kremlin reiterated Russia's insistence that the EU discuss it directly with Minsk.
Migrants - mostly from Iraq and Afghanistan - began appearing on Belarus' land borders with the EU this year, trying to cross into member states Lithuania, Latvia and Poland via routes not used before.
The top EU diplomat, Josep Borrell, said a fifth package of sanctions had been agreed by EU foreign ministers and would be finalized in the coming days. They would target airlines, travel agencies and individuals involved in "this illegal push of migrants," he said.
Latvia said on Monday it had deployed 3,000 troops for a previously unannounced military exercise near the border. It, Lithuania and Poland make up the eastern flank of the EU and NATO, while Ukraine is not a member of either western group.
Several hundred migrants, some throwing stones, made a new attempt on Monday to cross the border near the Polish village of Starzyna, but were forced back, Polish police said on Twitter.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Lukashenko discussed humanitarian aid for refugees and migrants by telephone, a German government spokesperson said.
The talks are the first known contact between the Belarusian president and a Western leader since last year's presidential election in Belarus triggered mass protests by demonstrators accusing Lukashenko of electoral fraud, a charge he denies.
Merkel and Lukashenko agreed to continue their exchange, the spokesperson said, but gave no sign a breakthrough had been made. Merkel has spoken twice to Putin in recent days.
AIRLINES
Middle East travel agencies working together with operators in Belarus provided tourist visas to thousands of people in recent months, a Reuters investigation showed.
The EU's executive, the European Commision, said it was looking into whether other airlines should face sanctions after the bloc banned Belarus' state-owned carrier Belavia from its skies and airports. Ireland said EU aircraft leasing contracts with Belavia would also end.
Lukashenko said Belarus was trying to persuade migrants to go home but that none of them wanted to return. Minsk would retaliate against any new EU sanctions, he said.
The EU has been stepping up sanctions on Belarus for months. Curbs already in place include blacklisting of Lukashenko, his son and 165 other Belarusian officials, as well as restrictions on trade in potash, an important export.
In Washington, the White House said it was in close contact with EU allies to hold the government of Belarus accountable.
The Kremlin, which has sent strategic bombers to patrol over Belarus, said Putin spoke to Lukashenko on Sunday and Moscow had no plans to reroute gas flows away from Belarus despite Minsk threatening to cut transit to Europe through the Yamal pipeline.
At least eight people have died along the 200-km long land border between Poland and Belarus, including from cold and exhaustion. The sparsely populated area of lakes, swamps and forests is becoming even more hostile to people trying to keep warm around bonfires through the cold November nights.
The EU's Borrell urged Warsaw to allow humanitarian aid on the frontier, where Poland has deployed some 20,000 police, border guards and soldiers.
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