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2021.12.25 國際新聞導讀-美伊核武談判下周一重啟、阿拉伯國家猶太拉比協會受到土耳其總統接見、伊朗軍演發射16枚地對地導彈、黎巴嫩基督教政黨擬結束與真主黨的聯盟、民調顯示哈瑪斯也應為迦薩的經濟破敗負責任
2021.12.25 國際新聞導讀-美伊核武談判下周一重啟、阿拉伯國家猶太拉比協會受到土耳其總統接見、伊朗軍演發射16枚地對地導彈、黎巴嫩基督教政黨擬結束與真主黨的聯盟、民調顯示哈瑪斯也應為迦薩的經濟破敗負責任
來自伊斯蘭國家的拉比會議迅速前往埃爾多安進行突擊訪問
長期批評以色列的土耳其領導人告訴精神領袖，他重視與赫爾佐格、貝內特重新對話；說他支持重建當地猶太教堂，譴責大屠殺
作者：DAVID I. KLEIN今天，上午 10:21
2021 年 12 月 23 日，伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟 (ARIS) 的成員在土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安 (Recep Tayyip Erdogan) 的安卡拉宮殿會見總統時，代表土耳其猶太社區向他贈送了一個華麗的燭台。 Lr: Akif Gilalov，世界山地猶太人大會主席；俄羅斯首席拉比貝雷爾·拉扎爾；埃爾多安；Isak Haleva，土耳其塞法迪教首席拉比；Rabbi Mendy Chitrik，ARIS 董事；土耳其猶太社區主席埃羅爾·科恩 (Erol Kohen)。（大衛·I·克萊因/JTA）
伊斯坦布爾（JTA）——本週，來自世界各地的拉比們擠滿了伊斯坦布爾康拉德酒店的大廳，參加伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟 (ARIS) 的成立大會。他們期待著為期兩天的社交、討論猶太法律和簡單的友情，分享他們在穆斯林占多數的國家支持猶太人生活的共同經歷。
他們沒想到的是，土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）派出的私人飛機將被送往土耳其首都安卡拉，與他在總統府共進晚餐。
土耳其德系猶太人首席拉比兼 ARIS 主任拉比門迪奇特里克 (Rabbi Mendy Chitrik) 只是在會議開始前幾個小時才得到消息，土耳其總統將收到他們。
根據奇特里克的說法，埃爾多安與拉比們呆了兩個小時，討論了各種話題。
“總統非常優雅地聽取了所有拉比的意見，以非常強烈的措辭反對反猶太主義和伊斯蘭恐懼症，並重申了土耳其的立場，即否認大屠殺是危害人類的罪行，”奇特里克告訴猶太電報社，並補充說埃爾多安還表示支持在土耳其和北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國建造和翻新猶太教堂。
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討論的另一個主題是土耳其與以色列的關係狀況。
土耳其猶太社區領袖和來自世界各地的伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟成員於 2021 年 12 月 23 日在土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安 (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) 位於阿克薩拉伊 (Ak Saray) 的宮殿會面。 (David I. Klein/JTA)
據與政府結盟的媒體“沙巴日報”報導，埃爾多安對拉比們說：“我重視與以色列總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格和總理納夫塔利·貝內特的重新對話。”
儘管該國曾經是以色列的強大盟友，但在埃爾多安近 20 年的統治下，土以關係惡化。2010 年的 Mavi Marmara 事件，其中以色列士兵在登上一艘試圖打破加沙封鎖的土耳其船隻時遭到襲擊，10 名土耳其活動人士被殺，迎來了低谷（以及土耳其數年的法律鬥爭），美國也是如此大使館於 2018 年遷至耶路撒冷。埃爾多安稱以色列為“恐怖主義國家”，並指責其“種族滅絕”。
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儘管與以色列保持著貿易關係，但土耳其政府還在其領土上接待了哈馬斯的領導層，並且是加沙和西岸巴勒斯坦事業的主要資助者。
土耳其總統重申了這一立場，但呼籲拉比成為解決方案的一部分。
“我們都必須為中東的和平而努力，”他說。“我們不希望在這個擁有三種亞伯拉罕宗教的地理環境中看到任何衝突。”
他補充說：“我相信，可以實現優先考慮居住在耶路撒冷的所有宗教團體的敏感性的解決方案。”
土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 11 月 24 日在安卡拉。 (Adem ALTAN / AFP)
埃爾多安與全球猶太社區的關係也不總是那麼美好。
5 月，埃爾多安在以色列與加沙緊張局勢升級期間發表的言論被美國總統喬·拜登譴責，被認為是在交易反猶太主義的比喻。
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“他們是殺人犯，甚至殺害五六歲的孩子。他們只有吸血才能滿足，”埃爾多安當時說。“這是他們的本性。”
在 2015 年的一次集會上，這位威權主義傾向的統治者還猛烈抨擊西方媒體，稱“猶太首都”是《紐約時報》的幕後黑手。
儘管如此，拉比們還是對這次會議表示歡迎。
“我們是有遠見的拉比。我們正在穆斯林世界的社區中工作，我們正在尋求加強猶太人的生活。過去有很多事情，但我們向前看，為現在努力，為未來努力，”Chitrik 說。
會議結束時，土耳其塞法迪教首席拉比 Isak Haleva 向土耳其總統贈送了一座華麗的燭台。
總而言之，拉比與埃爾多安的對話水平正是 Chitrik 創立 ARIS 的原因之一。
在另一個會議上，他想到了這個想法，Kinus HaShluchim - Chabad 使者的國際會議 - 當他發現自己與來自阿塞拜疆、摩洛哥、阿拉伯聯合酋長國和尼日利亞的同事坐在一張桌子旁時。
“我們互相看著對方說，‘等一下，我們都是來自穆斯林國家的拉比。為什麼在這次會議上沒有為穆斯林國家的拉比舉辦一場會議？'”奇特里克回憶道。“有些事情我們可以互相幫助。所以我們創建了一個 WhatsApp [群組]，然後製作了一個 Twitter 句柄，然後它就從那裡發展起來了。”
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Chitrick 估計，約有 100,000 名猶太人仍然生活在穆斯林占多數的國家，而一個世紀前則超過 100 萬。在哈薩克斯坦、阿塞拜疆、伊朗和土耳其可以找到最大的猶太人口。
“人們會說，‘哇，伊斯蘭國家有 10 萬猶太人？’ 是的，有，”他說。“他們已經在這個伊斯蘭世界生活了數千年，他們繼續住在這裡，繼續稱這個地方為家。很多時候，他們對他們居住的地方非常愛國。他們中的大多數人並不在尋找其他地方搬遷。”
當他創立 ARIS 時，Chitrik 堅信它不能只是一個由 Chabad 拉比組成的組織。它需要連接在穆斯林世界服務的所有不同的猶太社區，包括阿塞拜疆和哈薩克斯坦等後蘇聯國家；中東和北非的歷史社區，如土耳其、伊朗、突尼斯和摩洛哥；在亞伯拉罕協議之後，阿聯酋和巴林的社區發展迅速。
“拉比聯盟的議程是使穆斯林國家的猶太人生活正常化，”奇特里克說。“它不應該讓人們感到驚訝。”
在他們的國家工作多年，Chitrik 和許多拉比發現，雖然猶太人的生活並不一定會受到阻礙，但外國干預，無論是來自以色列還是來自美國或英國等西方大國的猶太公民，往往會使事情複雜化。
“許多拉比很現實，他們知道在我們居住的地方，並不總是積極看待國際干預，”奇特里克說。“當土耳其或伊朗的拉比需要幫助時，無論是在交流、提供tefillin、發送matzot或etrogim 方面，從伊斯坦布爾比其他任何地方都容易得多。”
伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟成立大會於 2021 年 12 月在伊斯坦布爾舉行，旨在幫助支持穆斯林占多數的國家的猶太人生活。（大衛·I·克萊因/JTA）
通過聯盟的協調，他們去年能夠將無酵餅送給利比亞、黎巴嫩和敘利亞等國家的猶太人。在塔利班死灰復燃後，它還幫助阿富汗最後一批猶太人離開了這個國家，一個人去了伊斯坦布爾，另一個人去了阿爾巴尼亞。
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本週在伊斯坦布爾舉行的會議是許多拉比第一次最終親自見面。伊朗、埃及、突尼斯、阿爾巴尼亞、科索沃、阿拉伯聯合酋長國、阿塞拜疆、北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國、哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯等十多個國家的拉比以及土耳其的首席拉比擔任東道主。此次會議。
對於許多與會者來說，他們覺得從中得到的最重要的事情之一就是感覺他們在工作中並不孤單。
為哈薩克斯坦阿拉木圖社區服務的拉比 Elchanan Cohen 說：“當你來到這裡，遇到來自這麼多不同穆斯林國家的人，到處都是猶太人社區時，你會感到更加堅強和平靜。”
阿塞拜疆的拉比 Shnuer Segal 說：“我們在穆斯林國家有自己的敏感性，這就是讓這裡的所有拉比處於 [a] 共同處境的原因。” “我們都面臨挑戰，我們可以共同解決這些挑戰的想法是我們聯盟支持的。”
北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國的拉比 Chaim Azimov 說，拉比們對“我們有人支持我們的想法感到欣慰，以防萬一我們需要與政府或其他人建立聯繫”。
因此，除了關於穆斯林世界猶太人生活未來的哲學對話外，會議還包括更多關於籌款和社交媒體技術的實踐會議。
與埃爾多安的意外會面取代了參觀伊斯坦布爾的猶太博物館和在土耳其拉比的旗艦猶太教堂 Neve Shalom 舉行的晚宴。
但到了會議的第二天，拉比們又回到了正軌，在伊斯坦布爾舉行了一場由伊朗首席拉比耶胡達·杰拉米主持的 halachic 研討會，並致力於他們的前任邁蒙尼德斯。
伊朗首席拉比耶胡達·杰拉米 (Yehuda Gerami) 於 2021 年 11 月 14 日在 NoVa 的 Chabad 發表講話（截圖）
Gerami 最終帶著一本全新的 Torah 捲軸離開了會議，帶回了他在伊朗的社區。
以色列工作人員時報為本報告做出了貢獻。
Confab of rabbis from Islamic nations whisked off for surprise visit with Erdogan
Turkish leader, long critical of Israel, tells spiritual leaders he values renewed dialogue with Herzog, Bennett; says he supports rebuilding local synagogues, condemns Holocaust
By DAVID I. KLEINToday, 10:21 am
Members of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States (ARIS) gift Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan an ornate menorah on behalf of the Turkish Jewish Community during a meeting with the president in his Ankara palace, Dec. 23, 2021. L-r: Akif Gilalov, head of the World Congress of Mountain Jews; Berel Lazar, chief rabbi of Russia; Erdogan; Isak Haleva, Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Turkey; Rabbi Mendy Chitrik, director of ARIS; Erol Kohen, president of the Turkish Jewish Community. (David I. Klein/JTA)
ISTANBUL (JTA) – Rabbis from across the world filled the halls of Istanbul’s Conrad hotel this week for the inaugural conference of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States (ARIS). They were expecting two days of networking, discussions of Jewish law and simple camaraderie over their shared experience of supporting Jewish life in Muslim-majority countries.
What they weren’t expecting was to be whisked off to the Turkish capital of Ankara, on a private plane sent by Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan, to have dinner with him at his presidential palace.
Rabbi Mendy Chitrik, the Ashkenazi chief rabbi of Turkey and director of ARIS, only got the news that the Turkish president would receive them hours before the conference was set to begin.
According to Chitrik, Erdogan stayed with the rabbis for two hours discussing a variety of topics.
“The president has listened very gracefully to all of the rabbis, has spoken in very strong terms against antisemitism and Islamophobia and has reiterated the Turkish stance that denying the Holocaust is a crime against humanity,” Chitrik told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, adding that Erdogan also voiced his support for the construction and renovation of synagogues in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Another topic addressed was the state of Turkish-Israeli relations.
Turkish Jewish community leaders and members of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States from around the world meet with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at his Ankara palace, Ak Saray, Dec. 23, 2021. (David I. Klein/JTA)
“I value our renewed dialogue with Israeli President Isaac Herzog and Prime Minister Naftali Bennett,” Erdogan noted to the rabbis, according to the government-aligned outlet Daily Sabah.
Though the country was once a strong ally of Israel, Turkish-Israeli relations have soured under Erdogan’s nearly 20-year rule. The 2010 Mavi Marmara incident, in which Israeli soldiers were attacked while boarding a Turkish ship attempting to break the Gaza blockade, and 10 Turkish activists were killed, ushered in a low point (and several years of Turkish legal battles), as did the US Embassy’s move to Jerusalem in 2018. Erdogan has called Israel a “terrorist state” and accused it of “genocide.”
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Despite continuing trade relations with Israel, the Turkish government also hosts the leadership of Hamas on its soil and is a major funder of Palestinian causes in Gaza and the West Bank.
The Turkish president reiterated that position but called on the rabbis to be part of the solution.
“We all have to strive for peace in the Middle East,” he said. “We do not want to see any conflicts in this geography that is home to three Abrahamic religions.”
“I believe that a solution that prioritizes the sensitivities of all religious groups living in Jerusalem can be achieved,” he added.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ankara, on November 24, 2021. (Adem ALTAN / AFP)
Erdogan’s relations with the global Jewish community have also not always been so rosy.
In May, he was castigated by US President Joe Biden for statements, considered to be trading in antisemitic tropes, which Erdogan made during Israel’s flare-up of tensions with Gaza.
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“They are murderers, to the point that they kill children who are five or six years old. They only are satisfied by sucking their blood,” Erdogan had said at the time. “It is in their nature.”
At a 2015 rally, the authoritarian-leaning ruler also lashed out at Western media, saying that “Jewish capital” is behind The New York Times.
Nonetheless, the rabbis welcomed the meeting.
“We are forward-looking rabbis. We are working in communities in the Muslim world, and we are looking to strengthen Jewish life. There are many things in the past, but we are looking forward, working on the present and working for the future,” Chitrik said.
The meeting concluded with Turkey’s Sephardic chief rabbi, Isak Haleva, gifting the Turkish president an ornate menorah.
All in all, the level of dialogue the rabbis shared with Erdogan was precisely one of the reasons Chitrik founded ARIS.
The idea came to him while at another conference, the Kinus HaShluchim – an international conference of Chabad emissaries – when he found himself seated at a table with colleagues from Azerbaijan, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates and Nigeria.
“We looked at each other and said, ‘Wait a minute, we’re all rabbis from Muslim countries. Why isn’t there a session here at this conference for rabbis of Muslim countries?’” Chitrick recalled. “There are things that we can help each other with. So we started a WhatsApp [group], then made a Twitter handle, and it grew from there.”
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Around 100,000 Jews still live in Muslim-majority countries, down from over a million a century ago, Chitrick estimated. The largest Jewish populations can be found in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey.
“People say, ‘Wow, there are 100,000 Jews in Islamic countries?’ Yes, there are,” he said. “They have been living in this Islamic world for thousands of years, and they continue to live here, continue to call this place home. Many times they’re very patriotic toward the places where they live. Most of them are not looking for other places to move to.”
When he founded ARIS, Chitrik was adamant that it couldn’t just be an organization of Chabad rabbis. It would need to bridge all the different Jewish communities served in the Muslim world, including post-Soviet countries like Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan; historic communities of the Middle East and North Africa such as Turkey, Iran, Tunisia and Morocco; and fast-growing communities in the UAE and Bahrain in the wake of the Abraham Accords.
“The agenda of the Alliance of Rabbis is to normalize Jewish life in Muslim countries, Chitrik said. “It shouldn’t look as a surprise to people.”
Over their years working in their countries, what Chitrik and many of the rabbis have found is that while Jewish life is not necessarily discouraged, foreign intervention, be it from Israel or Jewish citizens of western powers like the US or UK often complicates it.
“Many of the rabbis are realistic and know that in the places we live, international interference is not always looked at positively,” Chitrik said. “When a rabbi in Turkey or in Iran needs help, whether it is in communication, in providing tefillin, in sending matzot or etrogim, it is so much easier to do it from Istanbul than anywhere else.”
The inaugural conference of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States, held in Istanbul in December 2021, aimed to help support Jewish life in Muslim-majority nations. (David I. Klein/JTA)
Through the alliance’s coordination, they were able to get matzah to Jews in countries ranging from Libya to Lebanon and Syria last year. It also helped get some of the last Jews of Afghanistan out of the country after the Taliban’s resurgence, one to Istanbul and another to Albania.
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This week’s conference in Istanbul was the first time many of the rabbis got to finally meet in person. In attendance were rabbis representing more than ten countries, including Iran, Egypt, Tunisia, Albania, Kosovo, the United Arab Emirates, Azerbaijan, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kazakhstan, and Russia as well as Turkey whose chief rabbinate served as hosts to the conference.
For many of the attendees, one of the most important things they felt they got out of it was the feeling that they aren’t alone in their work.
“When you come and you meet people from so many different Muslim countries, and everywhere you see there is a Jewish community, you feel more strength and more calm,” said Rabbi Elchanan Cohen, who serves a community in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
“We have our own sensitivities living in the Muslim countries, and that’s what puts all the rabbis here into [a] common situation,” said Rabbi Shnuer Segal, of Azerbaijan. “We are all facing challenges, and the idea that we can solve them together is something our alliance supports.”
Rabbis take comfort in “the idea that we have someone backing us up, in case we need any connection with the government or with others,” said Rabbi Chaim Azimov of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
As such, in addition to philosophical conversations about the future of Jewish life in the Muslim world, the conference also included more practical sessions on fundraising and social media techniques.
The surprise meeting with Erdogan replaced a visit to Istanbul’s Jewish museum and a gala dinner at Neve Shalom, the flagship synagogue of the Turkish rabbinate.
But by the second day of the conference, the rabbis were back on track with a halachic symposium at Istanbul, led by Iran’s Chief Rabbi Yehuda Gerami and dedicated to their predecessor, Maimonides.
Rabbi Yehuda Gerami, chief rabbi of Iran, speaks at Chabad of NoVa, November 14, 2021 (screenshot)
Gerami ultimately left the conference with a brand new Torah scroll to bring back to his community in Iran.
Times of Israel staff contributed to this report.
歐盟外交官稱伊朗核談判將於週一恢復
維也納會談主席恩里克·莫拉 (Enrique Mora) 表示，“加快談判步伐”並“向前邁進”很重要
通過AFP和TOI人員2021 年 12 月 23 日，下午 3:48
歐洲對外行動署 (EEAS) 副秘書長恩里克·莫拉 (Enrique Mora) 於 2021 年 12 月 17 日在維也納就 Ira 核協議舉行會議後向記者發表講話。 (Alex Halada/AFP)
主持談判的歐盟外交官週四表示，恢復 2015 年伊朗核協議的談判將於下週一恢復，並敦促“加快步伐”。
官員們表示，如果伊朗繼續像 2019 年（美國退出具有里程碑意義的協議並重新實施制裁一年後）那樣繼續加強其核活動，那麼該協議將在幾週內過時。
“維也納會談將於 12 月 27 日星期一恢復。JCPOA 聯合委員會將開會討論並確定未來的道路，”歐盟外交官恩里克·莫拉 (Enrique Mora) 在推特上寫道，指的是該協議正式名稱的首字母縮寫詞。“重要的是要加快解決關鍵未決問題的步伐並向前邁進，與美國密切合作。歡迎來到第 8 輪。”
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談判在中斷五個月後於 11 月重新開始，試圖恢復該協議，該協議提議伊朗解除制裁以換取對其核計劃的限制。
來自協議各方——中國、英國、法國、德國和俄羅斯——的外交官正在維也納與伊朗和美國進行談判，雙方拒絕直接接觸。
美國談判代表羅伯·馬利週二警告說，如果外交手段未能恢復協議，將進入“危機升級時期”。
美國伊朗問題特使羅伯特·馬利於 2021 年 11 月 19 日在巴林首都麥納麥舉行的麥納麥對話間隙媒體簡報會上發表講話。 (Mazen Mahdi/AFP)
伊朗聲稱它只想發展民用核能力，但西方大國表示，其濃縮鈾儲備遠遠不止於此，可用於發展核武器。
以色列不是談判的一方，但如果外交失敗則威脅使用武力，美國也表示正在準備“替代方案”。
廣告
美國國家安全顧問傑克·沙利文本週早些時候抵達以色列，會見以色列和巴勒斯坦高級官員，包括總理納夫塔利·貝內特和國防部長本尼·甘茨。
“美國和以色列代表團就伊朗問題進行了詳細磋商，沙利文先生強調了美國政府決心應對伊朗對地區和國際和平與安全構成的所有方面的威脅，”國家安全委員會發言人艾米莉·霍恩在一份聲明中說。“他還重申了美國對確保伊朗永遠不會擁有核武器的堅定承諾。”
Iran nuclear talks to resume on Monday, says EU diplomat
Enrique Mora, chair of the Vienna talks, says it is ‘important to pick up the pace’ of the negotiations and ‘move forward’
By AFP and TOI STAFF23 December 2021, 3:48 pm
Deputy Secretary General of the European External Action Service (EEAS) Enrique Mora speaks to journalists after a meeting on the Ira nuclear deal, in Vienna on December 17, 2021. (Alex Halada/AFP)
Talks to revive the 2015 Iran nuclear deal will resume next Monday, the EU diplomat chairing the negotiations said on Thursday, urging a “picking up of the pace.”
Officials have said the deal would become obsolete within weeks if Iran continued to step up its nuclear activities as it has been doing since 2019, a year after the United States left the landmark agreement and reimposed sanctions.
“Vienna talks to resume on Monday 27 December. The JCPOA Joint Commission will meet to discuss and define the way ahead,” EU diplomat Enrique Mora wrote on Twitter, referring to the acronym of the deal’s formal name. “Important to pick up the pace on key outstanding issues and move forward, working closely with the US. Welcome to the 8th round.”
Negotiations restarted in November after a five-month hiatus to try to restore the deal, which offeree=d Iran sanctions relief in exchange for curbs on its nuclear program.
Diplomats from parties to the deal — China, Britain, France, Germany and Russia — are in talks in Vienna with Iran and the US, with the two sides refusing direct contact.
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US negotiator Rob Malley on Tuesday warned of a “period of escalating crisis” if diplomacy failed to restore the agreement.
US Special Envoy for Iran Robert Malley speaks during a media briefing on the sidelines of the Manama Dialogue, in the Bahraini capital Manama, on November 19, 2021. (Mazen Mahdi/AFP)
Iran claims it only wants to develop a civilian nuclear capability, but Western powers say its stockpile of enriched uranium goes well beyond that and could be used to develop a nuclear weapon.
Israel is not a party to the talks but has threatened force if diplomacy fails, and the US has also said it is preparing “alternatives.”
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US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan landed in Israel earlier this week to meet with top Israeli and Palestinian officials, including Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and Defense Minister Benny Gantz.
“The US and Israeli delegations held detailed consultations on Iran, with Mr. Sullivan underscoring the US administration’s determination to confront all aspects of the threat Iran poses to regional and international peace and security,” National Security Council Spokesperson Emily Horne said in a statement. “He also reaffirmed the firm commitment of the United States to ensuring Iran never gets a nuclear weapon.
Iraq calls for direct nuclear talks between Iran and US
Visiting Tehran, Iraqi FM Fuad Hussein says there’s a ‘problem’ with the negotiating mechanism in Vienna, where US and Iranian officials only communicate through intermediaries
By AFP23 December 2021, 7:43 pm
Iraq's Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein listens as he and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken face reporters as they meet at the State Department in Washington, DC, on July 23, 2021. (Elizabeth Frantz/Pool via AP)
TEHRAN, Iran — Iraq’s foreign minister said on a visit to Tehran Thursday that the time has come for the Islamic republic and the United States to negotiate directly on Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
US-Iran relations have been severed since April 1980, just months after the fall of the shah and the occupation of the American embassy by Islamist students loyal to Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
They worsened significantly after then-US president Donald Trump’s 2018 decision to unilaterally withdraw from the nuclear deal and impose sanctions on Tehran.
Negotiations resumed in November after a five-month hiatus to try to restore the deal, which gave Iran sanctions relief in exchange for curbs on its nuclear activities.
Diplomats from the remaining parties to the deal — Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia — are in talks in Vienna with Iran and the US, with the two sides refusing direct contact.
“We call for, and this is no secret, direct negotiations between the two parties,” Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein told a joint press conference.
“Iraq’s interest is in helping the two parties to sit round a table and talk,” he said.
Snow falls on the Palais Coburg where closed-door nuclear talks take place in Vienna, Austria, on December 9, 2021. (AP Photo/Michael Gruber)
“We have proposed this to the Americans and have made this proposal [to Iran] and even before our visit to Tehran. It is better that a direct meeting take place between the American party and the Iranian party,” Hussein said.
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He said Iraq felt there was a “problem” with the negotiating mechanism at the Vienna talks.
“The negotiations with the American side are indirect, through the European envoy,” he said.
“We think the time has come for direct talks between Washington and Tehran to reach common understandings not just on the nuclear issue, but also on sanctions. We need direct contact between the two parties and we are working towards that,” Hussein said.
Iraq is Iran’s neighbor, and Hussein said US-Iran relations “are not an external matter for Iraq, but an internal one.”
He said tensions between the long-time foes impacts directly on the political and security situation in Iraq, and that detente between the two would have a positive effect.
Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian outlined the way contacts currently take place.
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Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian is seen before meeting with his Russian counterpart in Moscow, on October 6, 2021. (Kirill Kudryavtsev/Pool/AFP)
“The Americans send unwritten messages to meetings and receive responses” indirectly from Iran, he said.
“As for the Islamic republic, we seriously declare that we want to reach a good agreement and we hope the other parties also come and negotiate with the same seriousness and the same goodwill,” Amir-Abdollahian said.
The Vienna talks are set to resume on Monday after a 10-day break.
On Thursday, European Union diplomat Enrique Mora, who is chairing the negotiations, said he hoped for speedy progress.
“Important to pick up the pace on key outstanding issues and move forward, working closely with the US. Welcome to the 8th round,” Mora said in Vienna.
伊朗在海灣地區的軍事演習向以色列發出警告——伊朗高級指揮官
“這些演習有一個非常明確的信息：一個嚴肅的、真實的……警告猶太復國主義政權當局要提防他們的錯誤。”
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 12:53
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 23:37
在 2021 年 12 月 22 日獲得的這張照片中，在伊朗西南部舉行的名為“偉大先知 17”的聯合演習中，一名士兵身後發生爆炸。
（圖片來源：IRGC/WANA（西亞通訊社）/通過路透社講義）
廣告
伊朗最高軍事指揮官週五表示，伊朗本週在海灣地區進行的軍事演習旨在向以色列發出警告，因為擔心以色列可能計劃瞄準伊朗核設施。
革命衛隊的戰爭遊戲包括發射彈道導彈和巡航導彈。國家電視台顯示，在周五的演習結束時，導彈擊平了一個類似於以色列迪莫納核反應堆的目標。
半官方通訊社塔斯尼姆說：“通過對迪莫納核設施的模擬，革命衛隊在導彈演習中成功地練習了攻擊猶太復國主義政權的這個關鍵中心。”
“這些演習傳達了一個非常明確的信息：一個嚴肅的、真實的……警告猶太復國主義政權當局的威脅要提防他們的錯誤，”衛隊總司令侯賽因薩拉米在國家電視台上說。
“如果他們做出錯誤的舉動，我們將砍掉他們的手。……實際行動和軍事演習之間的距離只是發射導彈角度的變化，”薩拉米補充道。
伊斯蘭革命衛隊 (IRGC) 海軍成員在伊朗西南部參加名為“偉大先知 17”的聯合演習，圖片拍攝於 2021 年 12 月 22 日。（圖片來源：IRGC/WANA（西亞新聞社） )/通過路透社講義)
武裝部隊總參謀長穆罕默德·巴蓋里少將說，16 枚不同級別的彈道導彈同時發射並摧毀了預定目標。
英國譴責在軍演期間發射彈道導彈。
“這些行動對地區和國際安全構成威脅，我們呼籲伊朗立即停止其活動，”外交部在一份聲明中說。
伊朗官方媒體稱，伊朗外交部發言人賽義德·哈蒂布扎德駁斥了英國的聲明，稱其“干涉伊朗的防禦能力”。
伊朗表示，其彈道導彈的射程為 2,000 公里（1,200 英里），能夠擊中該地區的死敵以色列和美國基地。
伊朗擁有中東最大的導彈計劃之一，將此類武器視為發生戰爭時對美國和其他對手的重要威懾和報復力量。
以色列反對世界大國重振德黑蘭 2015 年核協議的努力，長期以來一直威脅說，如果外交失敗，將採取軍事行動。伊朗稱其核野心是和平的。
以色列國防部長本尼·甘茨呼籲世界大國不要讓伊朗在核談判中拖延時間，在伊朗的要求下休會，並定於下週一恢復。
人們普遍認為，以色列是唯一擁有核武庫的中東國家。
Iran's war games in Gulf were warning to Israel - top Iranian commanders
'These exercises had a very clear message: a serious, real … warning to threats by the Zionist regime's authorities to beware of their mistakes.'
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 24, 2021 12:53
Updated: DECEMBER 24, 2021 23:37
An explosion is seen behind a soldier during a joint exercise called the 'Great Prophet 17',in the southwest of Iran, in this picture obtained on December 22, 2021.
(photo credit: IRGC/WANA (West Asia News Agency)/Handout via REUTERS)
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War games conducted this week by Iran in the Gulf were intended to send a warning to Israel, the country's top military commanders said on Friday, amid concerns over possible Israeli plans to target Iranian nuclear sites.
The Revolutionary Guards' war games included firing ballistic and cruise missiles. State television showed missiles flattening a target that resembled Israel's Dimona nuclear reactor at the conclusion of the exercises on Friday.
"Through a simulation of the Dimona atomic facilities, the Revolutionary Guards successfully practiced attacking this critical center of the Zionist regime in its missile exercise," the semi-official news agency Tasnim said.
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"These exercises had a very clear message: a serious, real … warning to threats by the Zionist regime's authorities to beware of their mistakes," Guards chief General Hossein Salami said on state TV.
"We will cut off their hands if they make a wrong move. … The distance between actual operations and military exercises is only a change in the angles of launching the missiles," Salami added.
Members of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) navy participate in a joint exercise called the 'Great Prophet 17' in the southwest of Iran, in this picture obtained on December 22, 2021. (credit: IRGC/WANA (West Asia News Agency)/Handout via REUTERS)
Armed Forces Chief of Staff Major General Mohammad Bagheri said 16 ballistic missiles of different classes had been fired simultaneously and had destroyed predetermined targets.
Britain condemned the launch of ballistic missiles during the war games.
"These actions are a threat to regional and international security, and we call on Iran to immediately cease its activities," the Foreign Office said in a statement.
Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Saeed Khatibzadeh, rejected the British statement as "meddling in Iran's defensive capacity," state media said.
Iran says its ballistic missiles have a range of 2,000 km (1,200 miles) and are capable of reaching arch-foe Israel and US bases in the region.
Iran has one of the biggest missile programs in the Middle East, regarding such weapons as an important deterrent and retaliatory force against US and other adversaries in the event of war.
Israel, which opposes efforts by world powers to revive Tehran's 2015 nuclear deal, has long threatened military action if diplomacy fails. Iran says its nuclear ambitions are peaceful.
Israeli Defence Minister Benny Gantz has called on world powers not to allow Iran to play for time at the nuclear negotiations, in recess at Iran's request and scheduled to resume next Monday.
Israel is widely believed to be the only Middle Eastern country with a nuclear arsenal.
伊朗向以色列發出“警告”，稱它發射了 16 枚能夠擊中該國的彈道導彈
武裝部隊負責人表示，演習是對以色列威脅的回應；衛隊領導人補充說：如果猶太復國主義政權犯了錯誤，我們將切斷他們的手
由機構和TOI 工作人員提供今天下午 4:13
伊朗稱其在 2021 年 12 月 24 日的一次演習中發射了 16 枚彈道導彈（截屏）
伊朗星期五在為期五天的軍事演習結束時發射了多枚彈道導彈，將軍們表示這是對以色列的警告。
“這些演習旨在應對猶太復國主義政權最近幾天發出的威脅，”武裝部隊參謀長穆罕默德·巴格里少將告訴國家電視台。
“十六枚導彈瞄準並殲滅了選定的目標。在這次演習中，部署了能夠摧毀一個敢攻擊伊朗的國家的數百枚伊朗導彈中的一部分，”他補充說。
伊斯蘭革命衛隊總司令侯賽因薩拉米少將補充說：“這次軍事演習……是對猶太復國主義政權官員的嚴重警告……稍有不慎，我們就會砍斷他們的手。”
據伊朗伊斯蘭共和國通訊社報導，這些導彈型號為 Emad、Ghadr、Sejjil、Zalzal、Dezful 和 Zolfaghar，射程為 350 至 2000 公里（220 至 1250 英里）。
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伊朗表示，短程和中程導彈可以到達以色列以及該地區的美國基地。
伊朗官員表示，演習期間發射的導彈成功擊中了一個目標，同時 10 架無人機同時擊中了目標。國家電視台播放了導彈在沙漠中發射的畫面。
2016 年 9 月 21 日，伊朗武裝部隊總參謀長穆罕默德·侯賽因·巴蓋里將軍在伊朗德黑蘭郊外發表講話。 (美聯社照片 / Ebrahim Noroozi)
在周二演習的第二天，伊朗也發射了巡航導彈。
廣告
在倫敦發表的一份聲明中，英國外交部譴責伊朗使用彈道導彈，稱這是“對地區和國際安全的威脅”。
“此次發射明顯違反了聯合國安理會第 2231 號決議，該決議要求伊朗不得從事任何與旨在能夠運載核武器的彈道導彈相關的活動——包括使用彈道導彈技術進行發射，”它援引一位發言人的話說。 .
週一開始的為期五天的年度演習正值維也納為重振德黑蘭與世界大國的核協議而陷入困境的談判之際。隨著恢復協議的談判努力取得進展，伊朗加快了其核進程。會談將於週一恢復。
2021 年 4 月 17 日，納坦茲鈾濃縮設施的一個大廳裡排列著各種離心機。（截圖，伊朗伊斯蘭共和國廣播 - IRIB，通過美聯社）
2018 年，前總統唐納德特朗普讓美國退出核協議，並重新對伊朗實施嚴厲制裁。德黑蘭此後開始公開將鈾濃縮到 60% 的純度——這是製造原子彈所需的 90% 的一小步技術步驟炸彈。
長期以來，以色列一直將伊朗的核計劃視為威脅，並尋求美國和國際社會採取更強硬的立場。伊朗堅稱其核計劃是和平的。
以色列不是維也納會談的一方，但如果外交失敗則威脅要使用武力，美國也表示正在準備“替代方案”。本月早些時候，國防部長本尼·甘茨（Benny Gantz）表示，他已通知美國官員，他已指示以色列國防軍準備對伊朗發動襲擊。
廣告
一位美國高級官員本月早些時候表示，如果核談判失敗，以色列和美國的軍事領導人將討論可能的軍事演習，以練習在最壞的情況下摧毀伊朗的核設施。
據報導，以色列已經批准了大約 50 億新謝克爾（15 億美元）的預算，用於為軍隊對伊朗核計劃的潛在打擊做準備。它包括為各種類型的飛機、情報收集無人機和此類攻擊所需的獨特武器提供資金，這些攻擊必須針對戒備森嚴的地下場所。
In ‘warning’ to Israel, Iran says it fired 16 ballistic missiles able to hit country
Armed forces chief says exercise is a response to Israeli threats; Guards leader adds: We’ll cut off Zionist regime’s hands if they make a mistake
By AGENCIES and TOI STAFFToday, 4:13 pm
Iran says it fired 16 ballistic missiles in a drill on December 24, 2021 (Screen grab)
Iran fired multiple ballistic missiles Friday at the close of five days of military drills that generals said were a warning to Israel.
“These exercises were designed to respond to threats made in recent days by the Zionist regime,” armed forces chief of staff Major General Mohammad Bagheri told state television.
“Sixteen missiles aimed and annihilated the chosen target. In this exercise, part of the hundreds of Iranian missiles capable of destroying a country that dared to attack Iran were deployed,” he added.
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps chief Major General Hossein Salami added: “The military exercise… is a serious warning to Zionist regime officials… Make the slightest mistake, we will cut off their hand.”
According to the IRNA news agency, the missiles were of the models Emad, Ghadr, Sejjil, Zalzal, Dezful and Zolfaghar and that their range is from 350 to 2000 kilometers (220 to 1250 miles).
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The short-range and medium-range missiles, Iran has said, can reach Israel as well as US bases in the region.
Iranian officials said the missiles fired during the drill successfully hit one target at the same time as 10 drones simultaneously hit their targets. State TV showed missiles launching in the desert.
Chief of Staff of Iran’s Armed Forces, General Mohammad Hossein Bagheri delivers a speech just outside Tehran, Iran, on September 21, 2016. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)
During the second day of the drill on Tuesday, Iran launched cruise missiles, too.
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In a statement issued in London, the British Foreign Office condemned Iran’s use of ballistic missiles, saying it was a “threat to regional and international security”.
“The launch is a clear breach of UN Security Council Resolution 2231, which requires that Iran not undertake any activity related to ballistic missiles designed to be capable of delivering nuclear weapons -– including launches using ballistic missile technology,” it quoted a spokesperson as saying.
The five-day annual exercise that began on Monday comes amid troubled talks in Vienna to revive Tehran’s nuclear deal with world powers. Iran has accelerated its nuclear advances as negotiations to return to the accord struggle to make headway. The talks will resume on Monday.
Various centrifuge machines line a hall at the Natanz Uranium Enrichment Facility, on April 17, 2021. (screenshot, Islamic Republic Iran Broadcasting – IRIB, via AP)
Former president Donald Trump pulled the United States out of the nuclear deal and re-imposed crushing sanctions on Iran in 2018. Tehran has since started openly enriching uranium up to 60 percent purity — a short technical step from the 90% needed to make an atomic bomb.
Israel has long seen Iran’s nuclear program as a threat and seeks a harder line by the US and international community. Iran insists its nuclear program is peaceful.
Israel is not a party to the Vienna talks but has threatened force if diplomacy fails, and the US has also said it is preparing “alternatives.” Earlier this month, Defense Minister Benny Gantz said he notified US officials that he had instructed the Israel Defense Forces to prepare for a strike against Iran.
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A senior US official said earlier this month that Israeli and American military leaders are set to discuss possible military drills to practice destroying Iranian nuclear facilities in a potential worst-case scenario if nuclear talks fail.
Israel has reportedly approved a budget of some NIS 5 billion ($1.5 billion) to be used to prepare the military for a potential strike against Iran’s nuclear program. It includes funds for various types of aircraft, intelligence-gathering drones and unique armaments needed for such an attack, which would have to target heavily fortified underground sites.
Lebanon's top Christian party signals possible end of Hezbollah alliance
Prominent figures close to the Free Patriotic Movement have said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 23, 2021 19:12
Gebran Bassil, leader of Lebanon's biggest Christian bloc, the Free Patriotic Movement, gestures as he speaks after a parliamentary session at UNESCO Palace in Beirut, Lebanon, October 19, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/ISSAM ABDALLAH)
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Lebanon's top Christian party has indicated it is considering ending a political alliance with Iran-backed Hezbollah, threatening a fragile union that has shaped Lebanese politics for nearly 16 years.
Gebran Bassil, leader of the Free Patriotic Movement party said earlier this week there would be "political consequences" for action taken against his party by Lebanon's two main Shiite parties Hezbollah and Amal.
Prominent figures close to the party have also said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
"Mikhael is dead," FPM pundit Charbel Khalil tweeted on Tuesday.
The party's support was critical in bringing President Michel Aoun, the FPM's founder, to power in 2016, and the FPM has provided critical Christian political cover for Hezbollah's armed presence under Lebanon's sectarian power-sharing system.
HEZBOLLAH MEMBERS hold flags marking Resistance and Liberation Day, in Kfar Kila near the Lebanese border with Israel in May. (credit: AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)
Hezbollah has not publicly commented.
Pro-Hezbollah Sheikh Sadiq Al-Nabulsi said on Wednesday that Hezbollah had "a very high tolerance for pain and criticism" but Bassil was at risk of losing its support.
"Today the FPM has no real ally other than Hezbollah, so why are you letting go of your last ally?" he said.
Bassil's party has faced growing political pressure to distance itself from Hezbollah since the country's 2019 financial meltdown.
Traditional allies in the Arab Gulf have been unwilling to provide Lebanon with aid, as they have in the past, because of what they have said is Hezbollah's grip on the country and its support for Iran-backed Houthi rebels battling Saudi-backed forces in Yemen.
The group is classified by the United States and major western nations as a terrorist group.
In Lebanon, Hezbollah has taken a hardline stance against the judge investigating the August 2020 Beirut blast, causing a row that has left Prime Minister Najib Mikati's government unable to meet since Oct. 12 even as poverty and hunger worsen.
But Hezbollah remains Bassil's strongest ally. And with presidential and parliamentary elections due next year, some analysts say the FPM could be posturing.
"The FPM is stuck between a rock and a hard place today. They certainly realize that the Christian street no longer condones any form of acquiescence to Hezbollah's demands," said Karim Emile Bitar, director of the Institute of Political science at Beirut's Saint Joseph University.
"But they simply cannot afford to completely let go of this alliance because it would ruin Bassil's presidential ambitions and would certainly prevent them from getting a significant parliamentary bloc."
黎巴嫩最高基督教黨表示真主黨聯盟可能結束
接近自由愛國運動的知名人士表示，FPM 與真主黨之間的 2006 年三月米哈伊爾協議已經結束。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 23 日 19:12
2021 年 10 月 19 日，黎巴嫩最大的基督教集團自由愛國運動的領導人 Gebran Bassil 在黎巴嫩貝魯特的聯合國教科文組織宮舉行議會會議後發表講話。
（圖片來源：路透社/ISSAM ABDALLAH）
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黎巴嫩最高基督教政黨表示，它正在考慮結束與伊朗支持的真主黨的政治聯盟，威脅到一個已經塑造了黎巴嫩政治近 16 年的脆弱聯盟。
自由愛國運動黨領袖格布蘭巴西爾本週早些時候表示，黎巴嫩兩個主要什葉派政黨真主黨和阿邁勒黨對其政黨採取的行動將產生“政治後果”。
與該黨關係密切的知名人士還表示，FPM 與真主黨之間的 2006 年三月米哈伊爾協議即將結束。
“米哈爾死了，”FPM 專家 Charbel Khalil 週二在推特上寫道。
該黨的支持對於讓 FPM 的創始人米歇爾·奧恩 (Michel Aoun) 總統在 2016 年掌權至關重要，而且 FPM 為真主黨在黎巴嫩宗派權力分享制度下的武裝存在提供了關鍵的基督教政治掩護。
5 月，真主黨成員在黎巴嫩與以色列邊境附近的 Kfar Kila 舉著紀念抵抗和解放日的旗幟。（信用：阿齊茲·塔赫/路透社）
真主黨尚未公開發表評論。
親真主黨謝赫薩迪克·納布西周三表示，真主黨“對痛苦和批評有很高的容忍度”，但巴西爾有失去支持的風險。
“今天FPM除了真主黨沒有真正的盟友，所以你為什麼要放棄你最後的盟友？” 他說。
自該國 2019 年金融危機以來，巴西爾所在的政黨面臨越來越大的政治壓力，要求與真主黨保持距離。
阿拉伯海灣的傳統盟友一直不願像過去那樣向黎巴嫩提供援助，因為他們所說的是真主黨對該國的控制，並支持伊朗支持的胡塞叛亂分子在也門與沙特支持的部隊作戰.
該組織被美國和西方主要國家列為恐怖組織。
在黎巴嫩，真主黨對調查 2020 年 8 月貝魯特爆炸事件的法官採取了強硬立場，這引發了一場爭吵，自 10 月 12 日以來，即使貧困和飢餓惡化，納吉布·米卡蒂總理的政府也無法開會。
但真主黨仍然是巴西爾最強大的盟友。由於明年將舉行總統和議會選舉，一些分析人士表示，FPM 可能是在裝腔作勢。
貝魯特聖約瑟夫大學政治學研究所所長卡里姆·埃米爾·比塔爾 (Karim Emile Bitar) 說：“今天，FPM 被困在艱難險阻之間。他們當然意識到，基督教街不再容忍任何形式的對真主黨要求的默許。” .
“但他們根本無法完全放棄這個聯盟，因為它會破壞巴西爾的總統野心，肯定會阻止他們獲得一個重要的議會集團。”
Lebanon's top Christian party signals possible end of Hezbollah alliance
Prominent figures close to the Free Patriotic Movement have said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 23, 2021 19:12
Gebran Bassil, leader of Lebanon's biggest Christian bloc, the Free Patriotic Movement, gestures as he speaks after a parliamentary session at UNESCO Palace in Beirut, Lebanon, October 19, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/ISSAM ABDALLAH)
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Lebanon's top Christian party has indicated it is considering ending a political alliance with Iran-backed Hezbollah, threatening a fragile union that has shaped Lebanese politics for nearly 16 years.
Gebran Bassil, leader of the Free Patriotic Movement party said earlier this week there would be "political consequences" for action taken against his party by Lebanon's two main Shiite parties Hezbollah and Amal.
Prominent figures close to the party have also said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
"Mikhael is dead," FPM pundit Charbel Khalil tweeted on Tuesday.
#مات_مخايل … pic.twitter.com/2fmCDYjmmi
— Charbel Khalil (@khalil_charbel) December 21, 2021
The party's support was critical in bringing President Michel Aoun, the FPM's founder, to power in 2016, and the FPM has provided critical Christian political cover for Hezbollah's armed presence under Lebanon's sectarian power-sharing system.
HEZBOLLAH MEMBERS hold flags marking Resistance and Liberation Day, in Kfar Kila near the Lebanese border with Israel in May. (credit: AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)
Hezbollah has not publicly commented.
Pro-Hezbollah Sheikh Sadiq Al-Nabulsi said on Wednesday that Hezbollah had "a very high tolerance for pain and criticism" but Bassil was at risk of losing its support.
"Today the FPM has no real ally other than Hezbollah, so why are you letting go of your last ally?" he said.
Bassil's party has faced growing political pressure to distance itself from Hezbollah since the country's 2019 financial meltdown.
Traditional allies in the Arab Gulf have been unwilling to provide Lebanon with aid, as they have in the past, because of what they have said is Hezbollah's grip on the country and its support for Iran-backed Houthi rebels battling Saudi-backed forces in Yemen.
The group is classified by the United States and major western nations as a terrorist group.
In Lebanon, Hezbollah has taken a hardline stance against the judge investigating the August 2020 Beirut blast, causing a row that has left Prime Minister Najib Mikati's government unable to meet since Oct. 12 even as poverty and hunger worsen.
But Hezbollah remains Bassil's strongest ally. And with presidential and parliamentary elections due next year, some analysts say the FPM could be posturing.
"The FPM is stuck between a rock and a hard place today. They certainly realize that the Christian street no longer condones any form of acquiescence to Hezbollah's demands," said Karim Emile Bitar, director of the Institute of Political science at Beirut's Saint Joseph University.
"But they simply cannot afford to completely let go of this alliance because it would ruin Bassil's presidential ambitions and would certainly prevent them from getting a significant parliamentary bloc."
土耳其凍結美國基金會 770 人的資產
總部位於芝加哥的尼亞加拉基金會的資產因與美國神職人員費圖拉·居倫的聯繫而被凍結，後者被土耳其指控於 2016 年發動政變企圖。
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發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 08:22
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 10 月 16 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話
（照片來源：路透社/穆拉德·塞澤）
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週五在其官方公報上公佈的一項裁決顯示，土耳其以資助恐怖主義為由凍結了總共 770 人和一個美國基金會的資產。
總部位於芝加哥的尼亞加拉基金會的資產因與美國神職人員費圖拉·居倫的聯繫而被凍結，後者被土耳其指控於 2016 年發動政變企圖。
公報稱，400 多人的資產因與居倫的聯繫而被凍結。
它補充說，採取這一步驟是基於合理的理由，即他們犯下了標題為“資助恐怖主義罪”和“禁止提供或收集資金的行為”的條款所涵蓋的行為。
根據該決定，200 多名被指控與被取締的庫爾德工人黨和伊斯蘭國激進組織有聯繫的人的資產也被凍結。
Turkey freezes assets of 770 individuals, US-based foundation
Chicago-based Niagara Foundation's assets were frozen because of links with the US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, accused by Turkey of staging a coup attempt in 2016.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 24, 2021 08:22
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a news conference in Istanbul, Turkey October 16, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/MURAD SEZER)
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Turkey has frozen the assets of a total of 770 people and a US-based foundation on the grounds of terrorism financing, a ruling published in its official gazette showed on Friday.
Chicago-based Niagara Foundation's assets were frozen because of links with the US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, accused by Turkey of staging a coup attempt in 2016.
The assets of more than 400 people were frozen for links to Gulen, the gazette said.
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This step was taken on the basis of reasonable grounds that they had committed the acts covered by the articles titled "the crime of financing of terrorism" and "acts prohibited from providing or collecting funds," it added.
Assets of more than 200 individuals accused of links to the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party and ISIS militant groups were also frozen, according to the decision.
加沙人說，巴勒斯坦哈馬斯應對危機負責 - 民意調查
只有 15% 的人將加沙地帶的問題歸咎於以色列，只有 7% 的人將責任歸咎於埃及。
由哈利·阿布·托梅
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 23 日 16:42
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 07:06
2021 年 12 月 21 日，在加沙城，去年 5 月，在以巴戰鬥期間，推土機清除了被以色列空襲擊中的 Al-Jawharah 塔的碎片
（圖片來源：穆罕默德·塞勒姆/路透社）
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巴勒斯坦阿特拉斯研究中心週四公佈的一項民意調查顯示，加沙地帶的大多數巴勒斯坦人認為巴勒斯坦權力機構和哈馬斯應對哈馬斯統治的沿海飛地的持續危機負責。
結果顯示，45% 的受訪者認為巴勒斯坦權力機構應對加沙地帶的各種危機負責，25% 的人表示他們認為哈馬斯有責任，只有 15% 的人指責以色列。
此外，只有 7% 的受訪者將加沙地帶的危機歸咎於埃及，那里約有 200 萬巴勒斯坦人。
巴勒斯坦權力機構、哈馬斯和許多國際政黨經常認為以色列對加沙地帶的“經濟和人道主義危機”負有全部責任，因為那裡實施了封鎖。
2007 年，哈馬斯在取消巴勒斯坦權力機構的權力後奪取了對加沙的控制權。從那以後，哈馬斯和統治巴勒斯坦權力機構的法塔赫派一直在交戰。
加沙邊境屏障（來源：國防部發言人辦公室）
2017 年和 2018 年，巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯對加沙地帶實施了一系列制裁，作為削弱哈馬斯並使其垮台的努力的一部分。除其他外，制裁包括削減數千名公務員的工資，以及向有需要的家庭提供經濟援助。
一些巴勒斯坦權力機構官員經常將哈馬斯歸咎於加沙危機，而哈馬斯和其他巴勒斯坦派系則一再指責巴勒斯坦權力機構負責。
然而，由於埃及和加沙之間的拉法過境點關閉，一些巴勒斯坦人繼續指責埃及。
民意調查顯示，大多數加沙的巴勒斯坦人認為他們的生活條件將保持不變或將惡化。
根據調查結果，71% 的受訪者表示，他們不相信巴勒斯坦官員在巴勒斯坦談論金融危機。
結果顯示，87% 的加沙受訪者在哈馬斯的統治下感到安全。另有 59% 的人對哈馬斯控制的政府機構的表現表示滿意。
關於與以色列的衝突，47% 的受訪者表示支持“武裝抵抗”作為他們恢復巴勒斯坦權利的首選方法。
不出所料，結果顯示，哈馬斯領導人伊斯梅爾·哈尼耶是巴勒斯坦人首選的巴勒斯坦權力機構主席，其次是被判入獄的法塔赫領導人馬爾萬·巴爾古提。
根據民意調查，如果今天舉行議會選舉，哈馬斯將贏得 36% 的選票，根據結果，阿巴斯的法塔赫派僅獲得 18% 的選票。
議會選舉原定於 5 月 22 日舉行，但在 4 月底被阿巴斯取消。阿巴斯通過指責以色列拒絕讓選舉在耶路撒冷舉行來為他的舉動辯護。
然而，一些巴勒斯坦政治分析家和活動家認為，阿巴斯在得出結論認為法塔赫肯定會在選舉中遭受羞辱性失敗後做出決定，主要是因為該派係正在三個不同的名單下競爭投票。
該民意調查於 12 月 5 日至 8 日在加沙地帶進行，對居住在那裡的 1,000 名巴勒斯坦人進行了調查，誤差幅度為 2%-3%。
巴勒斯坦阿特拉斯研究中心於 2012 年在加沙地帶成立，自稱是一家專門研究以色列事務的“獨立研究機構”，“旨在為巴勒斯坦事業服務，並傳播對猶太復國主義企業和以色列實體的認識。 。”
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2021.12.25 國際新聞導讀-美伊核武談判下周一重啟、阿拉伯國家猶太拉比協會受到土耳其總統接見、伊朗軍演發射16枚地對地導彈、黎巴嫩基督教政黨擬結束與真主黨的聯盟、民調顯示哈瑪斯也應為迦薩的經濟破敗負責任
來自伊斯蘭國家的拉比會議迅速前往埃爾多安進行突擊訪問
長期批評以色列的土耳其領導人告訴精神領袖，他重視與赫爾佐格、貝內特重新對話；說他支持重建當地猶太教堂，譴責大屠殺
作者：DAVID I. KLEIN今天，上午 10:21
2021 年 12 月 23 日，伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟 (ARIS) 的成員在土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安 (Recep Tayyip Erdogan) 的安卡拉宮殿會見總統時，代表土耳其猶太社區向他贈送了一個華麗的燭台。 Lr: Akif Gilalov，世界山地猶太人大會主席；俄羅斯首席拉比貝雷爾·拉扎爾；埃爾多安；Isak Haleva，土耳其塞法迪教首席拉比；Rabbi Mendy Chitrik，ARIS 董事；土耳其猶太社區主席埃羅爾·科恩 (Erol Kohen)。（大衛·I·克萊因/JTA）
伊斯坦布爾（JTA）——本週，來自世界各地的拉比們擠滿了伊斯坦布爾康拉德酒店的大廳，參加伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟 (ARIS) 的成立大會。他們期待著為期兩天的社交、討論猶太法律和簡單的友情，分享他們在穆斯林占多數的國家支持猶太人生活的共同經歷。
他們沒想到的是，土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）派出的私人飛機將被送往土耳其首都安卡拉，與他在總統府共進晚餐。
土耳其德系猶太人首席拉比兼 ARIS 主任拉比門迪奇特里克 (Rabbi Mendy Chitrik) 只是在會議開始前幾個小時才得到消息，土耳其總統將收到他們。
根據奇特里克的說法，埃爾多安與拉比們呆了兩個小時，討論了各種話題。
“總統非常優雅地聽取了所有拉比的意見，以非常強烈的措辭反對反猶太主義和伊斯蘭恐懼症，並重申了土耳其的立場，即否認大屠殺是危害人類的罪行，”奇特里克告訴猶太電報社，並補充說埃爾多安還表示支持在土耳其和北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國建造和翻新猶太教堂。
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討論的另一個主題是土耳其與以色列的關係狀況。
土耳其猶太社區領袖和來自世界各地的伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟成員於 2021 年 12 月 23 日在土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安 (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) 位於阿克薩拉伊 (Ak Saray) 的宮殿會面。 (David I. Klein/JTA)
據與政府結盟的媒體“沙巴日報”報導，埃爾多安對拉比們說：“我重視與以色列總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格和總理納夫塔利·貝內特的重新對話。”
儘管該國曾經是以色列的強大盟友，但在埃爾多安近 20 年的統治下，土以關係惡化。2010 年的 Mavi Marmara 事件，其中以色列士兵在登上一艘試圖打破加沙封鎖的土耳其船隻時遭到襲擊，10 名土耳其活動人士被殺，迎來了低谷（以及土耳其數年的法律鬥爭），美國也是如此大使館於 2018 年遷至耶路撒冷。埃爾多安稱以色列為“恐怖主義國家”，並指責其“種族滅絕”。
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儘管與以色列保持著貿易關係，但土耳其政府還在其領土上接待了哈馬斯的領導層，並且是加沙和西岸巴勒斯坦事業的主要資助者。
土耳其總統重申了這一立場，但呼籲拉比成為解決方案的一部分。
“我們都必須為中東的和平而努力，”他說。“我們不希望在這個擁有三種亞伯拉罕宗教的地理環境中看到任何衝突。”
他補充說：“我相信，可以實現優先考慮居住在耶路撒冷的所有宗教團體的敏感性的解決方案。”
土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 11 月 24 日在安卡拉。 (Adem ALTAN / AFP)
埃爾多安與全球猶太社區的關係也不總是那麼美好。
5 月，埃爾多安在以色列與加沙緊張局勢升級期間發表的言論被美國總統喬·拜登譴責，被認為是在交易反猶太主義的比喻。
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“他們是殺人犯，甚至殺害五六歲的孩子。他們只有吸血才能滿足，”埃爾多安當時說。“這是他們的本性。”
在 2015 年的一次集會上，這位威權主義傾向的統治者還猛烈抨擊西方媒體，稱“猶太首都”是《紐約時報》的幕後黑手。
儘管如此，拉比們還是對這次會議表示歡迎。
“我們是有遠見的拉比。我們正在穆斯林世界的社區中工作，我們正在尋求加強猶太人的生活。過去有很多事情，但我們向前看，為現在努力，為未來努力，”Chitrik 說。
會議結束時，土耳其塞法迪教首席拉比 Isak Haleva 向土耳其總統贈送了一座華麗的燭台。
總而言之，拉比與埃爾多安的對話水平正是 Chitrik 創立 ARIS 的原因之一。
在另一個會議上，他想到了這個想法，Kinus HaShluchim - Chabad 使者的國際會議 - 當他發現自己與來自阿塞拜疆、摩洛哥、阿拉伯聯合酋長國和尼日利亞的同事坐在一張桌子旁時。
“我們互相看著對方說，‘等一下，我們都是來自穆斯林國家的拉比。為什麼在這次會議上沒有為穆斯林國家的拉比舉辦一場會議？'”奇特里克回憶道。“有些事情我們可以互相幫助。所以我們創建了一個 WhatsApp [群組]，然後製作了一個 Twitter 句柄，然後它就從那裡發展起來了。”
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Chitrick 估計，約有 100,000 名猶太人仍然生活在穆斯林占多數的國家，而一個世紀前則超過 100 萬。在哈薩克斯坦、阿塞拜疆、伊朗和土耳其可以找到最大的猶太人口。
“人們會說，‘哇，伊斯蘭國家有 10 萬猶太人？’ 是的，有，”他說。“他們已經在這個伊斯蘭世界生活了數千年，他們繼續住在這裡，繼續稱這個地方為家。很多時候，他們對他們居住的地方非常愛國。他們中的大多數人並不在尋找其他地方搬遷。”
當他創立 ARIS 時，Chitrik 堅信它不能只是一個由 Chabad 拉比組成的組織。它需要連接在穆斯林世界服務的所有不同的猶太社區，包括阿塞拜疆和哈薩克斯坦等後蘇聯國家；中東和北非的歷史社區，如土耳其、伊朗、突尼斯和摩洛哥；在亞伯拉罕協議之後，阿聯酋和巴林的社區發展迅速。
“拉比聯盟的議程是使穆斯林國家的猶太人生活正常化，”奇特里克說。“它不應該讓人們感到驚訝。”
在他們的國家工作多年，Chitrik 和許多拉比發現，雖然猶太人的生活並不一定會受到阻礙，但外國干預，無論是來自以色列還是來自美國或英國等西方大國的猶太公民，往往會使事情複雜化。
“許多拉比很現實，他們知道在我們居住的地方，並不總是積極看待國際干預，”奇特里克說。“當土耳其或伊朗的拉比需要幫助時，無論是在交流、提供tefillin、發送matzot或etrogim 方面，從伊斯坦布爾比其他任何地方都容易得多。”
伊斯蘭國家拉比聯盟成立大會於 2021 年 12 月在伊斯坦布爾舉行，旨在幫助支持穆斯林占多數的國家的猶太人生活。（大衛·I·克萊因/JTA）
通過聯盟的協調，他們去年能夠將無酵餅送給利比亞、黎巴嫩和敘利亞等國家的猶太人。在塔利班死灰復燃後，它還幫助阿富汗最後一批猶太人離開了這個國家，一個人去了伊斯坦布爾，另一個人去了阿爾巴尼亞。
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本週在伊斯坦布爾舉行的會議是許多拉比第一次最終親自見面。伊朗、埃及、突尼斯、阿爾巴尼亞、科索沃、阿拉伯聯合酋長國、阿塞拜疆、北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國、哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯等十多個國家的拉比以及土耳其的首席拉比擔任東道主。此次會議。
對於許多與會者來說，他們覺得從中得到的最重要的事情之一就是感覺他們在工作中並不孤單。
為哈薩克斯坦阿拉木圖社區服務的拉比 Elchanan Cohen 說：“當你來到這裡，遇到來自這麼多不同穆斯林國家的人，到處都是猶太人社區時，你會感到更加堅強和平靜。”
阿塞拜疆的拉比 Shnuer Segal 說：“我們在穆斯林國家有自己的敏感性，這就是讓這裡的所有拉比處於 [a] 共同處境的原因。” “我們都面臨挑戰，我們可以共同解決這些挑戰的想法是我們聯盟支持的。”
北塞浦路斯土耳其共和國的拉比 Chaim Azimov 說，拉比們對“我們有人支持我們的想法感到欣慰，以防萬一我們需要與政府或其他人建立聯繫”。
因此，除了關於穆斯林世界猶太人生活未來的哲學對話外，會議還包括更多關於籌款和社交媒體技術的實踐會議。
與埃爾多安的意外會面取代了參觀伊斯坦布爾的猶太博物館和在土耳其拉比的旗艦猶太教堂 Neve Shalom 舉行的晚宴。
但到了會議的第二天，拉比們又回到了正軌，在伊斯坦布爾舉行了一場由伊朗首席拉比耶胡達·杰拉米主持的 halachic 研討會，並致力於他們的前任邁蒙尼德斯。
伊朗首席拉比耶胡達·杰拉米 (Yehuda Gerami) 於 2021 年 11 月 14 日在 NoVa 的 Chabad 發表講話（截圖）
Gerami 最終帶著一本全新的 Torah 捲軸離開了會議，帶回了他在伊朗的社區。
以色列工作人員時報為本報告做出了貢獻。
Confab of rabbis from Islamic nations whisked off for surprise visit with Erdogan
Turkish leader, long critical of Israel, tells spiritual leaders he values renewed dialogue with Herzog, Bennett; says he supports rebuilding local synagogues, condemns Holocaust
By DAVID I. KLEINToday, 10:21 am
Members of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States (ARIS) gift Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan an ornate menorah on behalf of the Turkish Jewish Community during a meeting with the president in his Ankara palace, Dec. 23, 2021. L-r: Akif Gilalov, head of the World Congress of Mountain Jews; Berel Lazar, chief rabbi of Russia; Erdogan; Isak Haleva, Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Turkey; Rabbi Mendy Chitrik, director of ARIS; Erol Kohen, president of the Turkish Jewish Community. (David I. Klein/JTA)
ISTANBUL (JTA) – Rabbis from across the world filled the halls of Istanbul’s Conrad hotel this week for the inaugural conference of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States (ARIS). They were expecting two days of networking, discussions of Jewish law and simple camaraderie over their shared experience of supporting Jewish life in Muslim-majority countries.
What they weren’t expecting was to be whisked off to the Turkish capital of Ankara, on a private plane sent by Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan, to have dinner with him at his presidential palace.
Rabbi Mendy Chitrik, the Ashkenazi chief rabbi of Turkey and director of ARIS, only got the news that the Turkish president would receive them hours before the conference was set to begin.
According to Chitrik, Erdogan stayed with the rabbis for two hours discussing a variety of topics.
“The president has listened very gracefully to all of the rabbis, has spoken in very strong terms against antisemitism and Islamophobia and has reiterated the Turkish stance that denying the Holocaust is a crime against humanity,” Chitrik told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, adding that Erdogan also voiced his support for the construction and renovation of synagogues in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Another topic addressed was the state of Turkish-Israeli relations.
Turkish Jewish community leaders and members of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States from around the world meet with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at his Ankara palace, Ak Saray, Dec. 23, 2021. (David I. Klein/JTA)
“I value our renewed dialogue with Israeli President Isaac Herzog and Prime Minister Naftali Bennett,” Erdogan noted to the rabbis, according to the government-aligned outlet Daily Sabah.
Though the country was once a strong ally of Israel, Turkish-Israeli relations have soured under Erdogan’s nearly 20-year rule. The 2010 Mavi Marmara incident, in which Israeli soldiers were attacked while boarding a Turkish ship attempting to break the Gaza blockade, and 10 Turkish activists were killed, ushered in a low point (and several years of Turkish legal battles), as did the US Embassy’s move to Jerusalem in 2018. Erdogan has called Israel a “terrorist state” and accused it of “genocide.”
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Despite continuing trade relations with Israel, the Turkish government also hosts the leadership of Hamas on its soil and is a major funder of Palestinian causes in Gaza and the West Bank.
The Turkish president reiterated that position but called on the rabbis to be part of the solution.
“We all have to strive for peace in the Middle East,” he said. “We do not want to see any conflicts in this geography that is home to three Abrahamic religions.”
“I believe that a solution that prioritizes the sensitivities of all religious groups living in Jerusalem can be achieved,” he added.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ankara, on November 24, 2021. (Adem ALTAN / AFP)
Erdogan’s relations with the global Jewish community have also not always been so rosy.
In May, he was castigated by US President Joe Biden for statements, considered to be trading in antisemitic tropes, which Erdogan made during Israel’s flare-up of tensions with Gaza.
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“They are murderers, to the point that they kill children who are five or six years old. They only are satisfied by sucking their blood,” Erdogan had said at the time. “It is in their nature.”
At a 2015 rally, the authoritarian-leaning ruler also lashed out at Western media, saying that “Jewish capital” is behind The New York Times.
Nonetheless, the rabbis welcomed the meeting.
“We are forward-looking rabbis. We are working in communities in the Muslim world, and we are looking to strengthen Jewish life. There are many things in the past, but we are looking forward, working on the present and working for the future,” Chitrik said.
The meeting concluded with Turkey’s Sephardic chief rabbi, Isak Haleva, gifting the Turkish president an ornate menorah.
All in all, the level of dialogue the rabbis shared with Erdogan was precisely one of the reasons Chitrik founded ARIS.
The idea came to him while at another conference, the Kinus HaShluchim – an international conference of Chabad emissaries – when he found himself seated at a table with colleagues from Azerbaijan, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates and Nigeria.
“We looked at each other and said, ‘Wait a minute, we’re all rabbis from Muslim countries. Why isn’t there a session here at this conference for rabbis of Muslim countries?’” Chitrick recalled. “There are things that we can help each other with. So we started a WhatsApp [group], then made a Twitter handle, and it grew from there.”
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Around 100,000 Jews still live in Muslim-majority countries, down from over a million a century ago, Chitrick estimated. The largest Jewish populations can be found in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey.
“People say, ‘Wow, there are 100,000 Jews in Islamic countries?’ Yes, there are,” he said. “They have been living in this Islamic world for thousands of years, and they continue to live here, continue to call this place home. Many times they’re very patriotic toward the places where they live. Most of them are not looking for other places to move to.”
When he founded ARIS, Chitrik was adamant that it couldn’t just be an organization of Chabad rabbis. It would need to bridge all the different Jewish communities served in the Muslim world, including post-Soviet countries like Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan; historic communities of the Middle East and North Africa such as Turkey, Iran, Tunisia and Morocco; and fast-growing communities in the UAE and Bahrain in the wake of the Abraham Accords.
“The agenda of the Alliance of Rabbis is to normalize Jewish life in Muslim countries, Chitrik said. “It shouldn’t look as a surprise to people.”
Over their years working in their countries, what Chitrik and many of the rabbis have found is that while Jewish life is not necessarily discouraged, foreign intervention, be it from Israel or Jewish citizens of western powers like the US or UK often complicates it.
“Many of the rabbis are realistic and know that in the places we live, international interference is not always looked at positively,” Chitrik said. “When a rabbi in Turkey or in Iran needs help, whether it is in communication, in providing tefillin, in sending matzot or etrogim, it is so much easier to do it from Istanbul than anywhere else.”
The inaugural conference of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States, held in Istanbul in December 2021, aimed to help support Jewish life in Muslim-majority nations. (David I. Klein/JTA)
Through the alliance’s coordination, they were able to get matzah to Jews in countries ranging from Libya to Lebanon and Syria last year. It also helped get some of the last Jews of Afghanistan out of the country after the Taliban’s resurgence, one to Istanbul and another to Albania.
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This week’s conference in Istanbul was the first time many of the rabbis got to finally meet in person. In attendance were rabbis representing more than ten countries, including Iran, Egypt, Tunisia, Albania, Kosovo, the United Arab Emirates, Azerbaijan, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kazakhstan, and Russia as well as Turkey whose chief rabbinate served as hosts to the conference.
For many of the attendees, one of the most important things they felt they got out of it was the feeling that they aren’t alone in their work.
“When you come and you meet people from so many different Muslim countries, and everywhere you see there is a Jewish community, you feel more strength and more calm,” said Rabbi Elchanan Cohen, who serves a community in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
“We have our own sensitivities living in the Muslim countries, and that’s what puts all the rabbis here into [a] common situation,” said Rabbi Shnuer Segal, of Azerbaijan. “We are all facing challenges, and the idea that we can solve them together is something our alliance supports.”
Rabbis take comfort in “the idea that we have someone backing us up, in case we need any connection with the government or with others,” said Rabbi Chaim Azimov of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
As such, in addition to philosophical conversations about the future of Jewish life in the Muslim world, the conference also included more practical sessions on fundraising and social media techniques.
The surprise meeting with Erdogan replaced a visit to Istanbul’s Jewish museum and a gala dinner at Neve Shalom, the flagship synagogue of the Turkish rabbinate.
But by the second day of the conference, the rabbis were back on track with a halachic symposium at Istanbul, led by Iran’s Chief Rabbi Yehuda Gerami and dedicated to their predecessor, Maimonides.
Rabbi Yehuda Gerami, chief rabbi of Iran, speaks at Chabad of NoVa, November 14, 2021 (screenshot)
Gerami ultimately left the conference with a brand new Torah scroll to bring back to his community in Iran.
Times of Israel staff contributed to this report.
歐盟外交官稱伊朗核談判將於週一恢復
維也納會談主席恩里克·莫拉 (Enrique Mora) 表示，“加快談判步伐”並“向前邁進”很重要
通過AFP和TOI人員2021 年 12 月 23 日，下午 3:48
歐洲對外行動署 (EEAS) 副秘書長恩里克·莫拉 (Enrique Mora) 於 2021 年 12 月 17 日在維也納就 Ira 核協議舉行會議後向記者發表講話。 (Alex Halada/AFP)
主持談判的歐盟外交官週四表示，恢復 2015 年伊朗核協議的談判將於下週一恢復，並敦促“加快步伐”。
官員們表示，如果伊朗繼續像 2019 年（美國退出具有里程碑意義的協議並重新實施制裁一年後）那樣繼續加強其核活動，那麼該協議將在幾週內過時。
“維也納會談將於 12 月 27 日星期一恢復。JCPOA 聯合委員會將開會討論並確定未來的道路，”歐盟外交官恩里克·莫拉 (Enrique Mora) 在推特上寫道，指的是該協議正式名稱的首字母縮寫詞。“重要的是要加快解決關鍵未決問題的步伐並向前邁進，與美國密切合作。歡迎來到第 8 輪。”
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談判在中斷五個月後於 11 月重新開始，試圖恢復該協議，該協議提議伊朗解除制裁以換取對其核計劃的限制。
來自協議各方——中國、英國、法國、德國和俄羅斯——的外交官正在維也納與伊朗和美國進行談判，雙方拒絕直接接觸。
美國談判代表羅伯·馬利週二警告說，如果外交手段未能恢復協議，將進入“危機升級時期”。
美國伊朗問題特使羅伯特·馬利於 2021 年 11 月 19 日在巴林首都麥納麥舉行的麥納麥對話間隙媒體簡報會上發表講話。 (Mazen Mahdi/AFP)
伊朗聲稱它只想發展民用核能力，但西方大國表示，其濃縮鈾儲備遠遠不止於此，可用於發展核武器。
以色列不是談判的一方，但如果外交失敗則威脅使用武力，美國也表示正在準備“替代方案”。
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美國國家安全顧問傑克·沙利文本週早些時候抵達以色列，會見以色列和巴勒斯坦高級官員，包括總理納夫塔利·貝內特和國防部長本尼·甘茨。
“美國和以色列代表團就伊朗問題進行了詳細磋商，沙利文先生強調了美國政府決心應對伊朗對地區和國際和平與安全構成的所有方面的威脅，”國家安全委員會發言人艾米莉·霍恩在一份聲明中說。“他還重申了美國對確保伊朗永遠不會擁有核武器的堅定承諾。”
Iran nuclear talks to resume on Monday, says EU diplomat
Enrique Mora, chair of the Vienna talks, says it is ‘important to pick up the pace’ of the negotiations and ‘move forward’
By AFP and TOI STAFF23 December 2021, 3:48 pm
Deputy Secretary General of the European External Action Service (EEAS) Enrique Mora speaks to journalists after a meeting on the Ira nuclear deal, in Vienna on December 17, 2021. (Alex Halada/AFP)
Talks to revive the 2015 Iran nuclear deal will resume next Monday, the EU diplomat chairing the negotiations said on Thursday, urging a “picking up of the pace.”
Officials have said the deal would become obsolete within weeks if Iran continued to step up its nuclear activities as it has been doing since 2019, a year after the United States left the landmark agreement and reimposed sanctions.
“Vienna talks to resume on Monday 27 December. The JCPOA Joint Commission will meet to discuss and define the way ahead,” EU diplomat Enrique Mora wrote on Twitter, referring to the acronym of the deal’s formal name. “Important to pick up the pace on key outstanding issues and move forward, working closely with the US. Welcome to the 8th round.”
Negotiations restarted in November after a five-month hiatus to try to restore the deal, which offeree=d Iran sanctions relief in exchange for curbs on its nuclear program.
Diplomats from parties to the deal — China, Britain, France, Germany and Russia — are in talks in Vienna with Iran and the US, with the two sides refusing direct contact.
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US negotiator Rob Malley on Tuesday warned of a “period of escalating crisis” if diplomacy failed to restore the agreement.
US Special Envoy for Iran Robert Malley speaks during a media briefing on the sidelines of the Manama Dialogue, in the Bahraini capital Manama, on November 19, 2021. (Mazen Mahdi/AFP)
Iran claims it only wants to develop a civilian nuclear capability, but Western powers say its stockpile of enriched uranium goes well beyond that and could be used to develop a nuclear weapon.
Israel is not a party to the talks but has threatened force if diplomacy fails, and the US has also said it is preparing “alternatives.”
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US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan landed in Israel earlier this week to meet with top Israeli and Palestinian officials, including Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and Defense Minister Benny Gantz.
“The US and Israeli delegations held detailed consultations on Iran, with Mr. Sullivan underscoring the US administration’s determination to confront all aspects of the threat Iran poses to regional and international peace and security,” National Security Council Spokesperson Emily Horne said in a statement. “He also reaffirmed the firm commitment of the United States to ensuring Iran never gets a nuclear weapon.
Iraq calls for direct nuclear talks between Iran and US
Visiting Tehran, Iraqi FM Fuad Hussein says there’s a ‘problem’ with the negotiating mechanism in Vienna, where US and Iranian officials only communicate through intermediaries
By AFP23 December 2021, 7:43 pm
Iraq's Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein listens as he and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken face reporters as they meet at the State Department in Washington, DC, on July 23, 2021. (Elizabeth Frantz/Pool via AP)
TEHRAN, Iran — Iraq’s foreign minister said on a visit to Tehran Thursday that the time has come for the Islamic republic and the United States to negotiate directly on Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
US-Iran relations have been severed since April 1980, just months after the fall of the shah and the occupation of the American embassy by Islamist students loyal to Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
They worsened significantly after then-US president Donald Trump’s 2018 decision to unilaterally withdraw from the nuclear deal and impose sanctions on Tehran.
Negotiations resumed in November after a five-month hiatus to try to restore the deal, which gave Iran sanctions relief in exchange for curbs on its nuclear activities.
Diplomats from the remaining parties to the deal — Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia — are in talks in Vienna with Iran and the US, with the two sides refusing direct contact.
“We call for, and this is no secret, direct negotiations between the two parties,” Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein told a joint press conference.
“Iraq’s interest is in helping the two parties to sit round a table and talk,” he said.
Snow falls on the Palais Coburg where closed-door nuclear talks take place in Vienna, Austria, on December 9, 2021. (AP Photo/Michael Gruber)
“We have proposed this to the Americans and have made this proposal [to Iran] and even before our visit to Tehran. It is better that a direct meeting take place between the American party and the Iranian party,” Hussein said.
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He said Iraq felt there was a “problem” with the negotiating mechanism at the Vienna talks.
“The negotiations with the American side are indirect, through the European envoy,” he said.
“We think the time has come for direct talks between Washington and Tehran to reach common understandings not just on the nuclear issue, but also on sanctions. We need direct contact between the two parties and we are working towards that,” Hussein said.
Iraq is Iran’s neighbor, and Hussein said US-Iran relations “are not an external matter for Iraq, but an internal one.”
He said tensions between the long-time foes impacts directly on the political and security situation in Iraq, and that detente between the two would have a positive effect.
Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian outlined the way contacts currently take place.
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Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian is seen before meeting with his Russian counterpart in Moscow, on October 6, 2021. (Kirill Kudryavtsev/Pool/AFP)
“The Americans send unwritten messages to meetings and receive responses” indirectly from Iran, he said.
“As for the Islamic republic, we seriously declare that we want to reach a good agreement and we hope the other parties also come and negotiate with the same seriousness and the same goodwill,” Amir-Abdollahian said.
The Vienna talks are set to resume on Monday after a 10-day break.
On Thursday, European Union diplomat Enrique Mora, who is chairing the negotiations, said he hoped for speedy progress.
“Important to pick up the pace on key outstanding issues and move forward, working closely with the US. Welcome to the 8th round,” Mora said in Vienna.
伊朗在海灣地區的軍事演習向以色列發出警告——伊朗高級指揮官
“這些演習有一個非常明確的信息：一個嚴肅的、真實的……警告猶太復國主義政權當局要提防他們的錯誤。”
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 12:53
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 23:37
在 2021 年 12 月 22 日獲得的這張照片中，在伊朗西南部舉行的名為“偉大先知 17”的聯合演習中，一名士兵身後發生爆炸。
（圖片來源：IRGC/WANA（西亞通訊社）/通過路透社講義）
廣告
伊朗最高軍事指揮官週五表示，伊朗本週在海灣地區進行的軍事演習旨在向以色列發出警告，因為擔心以色列可能計劃瞄準伊朗核設施。
革命衛隊的戰爭遊戲包括發射彈道導彈和巡航導彈。國家電視台顯示，在周五的演習結束時，導彈擊平了一個類似於以色列迪莫納核反應堆的目標。
半官方通訊社塔斯尼姆說：“通過對迪莫納核設施的模擬，革命衛隊在導彈演習中成功地練習了攻擊猶太復國主義政權的這個關鍵中心。”
“這些演習傳達了一個非常明確的信息：一個嚴肅的、真實的……警告猶太復國主義政權當局的威脅要提防他們的錯誤，”衛隊總司令侯賽因薩拉米在國家電視台上說。
“如果他們做出錯誤的舉動，我們將砍掉他們的手。……實際行動和軍事演習之間的距離只是發射導彈角度的變化，”薩拉米補充道。
伊斯蘭革命衛隊 (IRGC) 海軍成員在伊朗西南部參加名為“偉大先知 17”的聯合演習，圖片拍攝於 2021 年 12 月 22 日。（圖片來源：IRGC/WANA（西亞新聞社） )/通過路透社講義)
武裝部隊總參謀長穆罕默德·巴蓋里少將說，16 枚不同級別的彈道導彈同時發射並摧毀了預定目標。
英國譴責在軍演期間發射彈道導彈。
“這些行動對地區和國際安全構成威脅，我們呼籲伊朗立即停止其活動，”外交部在一份聲明中說。
伊朗官方媒體稱，伊朗外交部發言人賽義德·哈蒂布扎德駁斥了英國的聲明，稱其“干涉伊朗的防禦能力”。
伊朗表示，其彈道導彈的射程為 2,000 公里（1,200 英里），能夠擊中該地區的死敵以色列和美國基地。
伊朗擁有中東最大的導彈計劃之一，將此類武器視為發生戰爭時對美國和其他對手的重要威懾和報復力量。
以色列反對世界大國重振德黑蘭 2015 年核協議的努力，長期以來一直威脅說，如果外交失敗，將採取軍事行動。伊朗稱其核野心是和平的。
以色列國防部長本尼·甘茨呼籲世界大國不要讓伊朗在核談判中拖延時間，在伊朗的要求下休會，並定於下週一恢復。
人們普遍認為，以色列是唯一擁有核武庫的中東國家。
Iran's war games in Gulf were warning to Israel - top Iranian commanders
'These exercises had a very clear message: a serious, real … warning to threats by the Zionist regime's authorities to beware of their mistakes.'
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 24, 2021 12:53
Updated: DECEMBER 24, 2021 23:37
An explosion is seen behind a soldier during a joint exercise called the 'Great Prophet 17',in the southwest of Iran, in this picture obtained on December 22, 2021.
(photo credit: IRGC/WANA (West Asia News Agency)/Handout via REUTERS)
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War games conducted this week by Iran in the Gulf were intended to send a warning to Israel, the country's top military commanders said on Friday, amid concerns over possible Israeli plans to target Iranian nuclear sites.
The Revolutionary Guards' war games included firing ballistic and cruise missiles. State television showed missiles flattening a target that resembled Israel's Dimona nuclear reactor at the conclusion of the exercises on Friday.
"Through a simulation of the Dimona atomic facilities, the Revolutionary Guards successfully practiced attacking this critical center of the Zionist regime in its missile exercise," the semi-official news agency Tasnim said.
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"These exercises had a very clear message: a serious, real … warning to threats by the Zionist regime's authorities to beware of their mistakes," Guards chief General Hossein Salami said on state TV.
"We will cut off their hands if they make a wrong move. … The distance between actual operations and military exercises is only a change in the angles of launching the missiles," Salami added.
Members of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) navy participate in a joint exercise called the 'Great Prophet 17' in the southwest of Iran, in this picture obtained on December 22, 2021. (credit: IRGC/WANA (West Asia News Agency)/Handout via REUTERS)
Armed Forces Chief of Staff Major General Mohammad Bagheri said 16 ballistic missiles of different classes had been fired simultaneously and had destroyed predetermined targets.
Britain condemned the launch of ballistic missiles during the war games.
"These actions are a threat to regional and international security, and we call on Iran to immediately cease its activities," the Foreign Office said in a statement.
Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Saeed Khatibzadeh, rejected the British statement as "meddling in Iran's defensive capacity," state media said.
Iran says its ballistic missiles have a range of 2,000 km (1,200 miles) and are capable of reaching arch-foe Israel and US bases in the region.
Iran has one of the biggest missile programs in the Middle East, regarding such weapons as an important deterrent and retaliatory force against US and other adversaries in the event of war.
Israel, which opposes efforts by world powers to revive Tehran's 2015 nuclear deal, has long threatened military action if diplomacy fails. Iran says its nuclear ambitions are peaceful.
Israeli Defence Minister Benny Gantz has called on world powers not to allow Iran to play for time at the nuclear negotiations, in recess at Iran's request and scheduled to resume next Monday.
Israel is widely believed to be the only Middle Eastern country with a nuclear arsenal.
伊朗向以色列發出“警告”，稱它發射了 16 枚能夠擊中該國的彈道導彈
武裝部隊負責人表示，演習是對以色列威脅的回應；衛隊領導人補充說：如果猶太復國主義政權犯了錯誤，我們將切斷他們的手
由機構和TOI 工作人員提供今天下午 4:13
伊朗稱其在 2021 年 12 月 24 日的一次演習中發射了 16 枚彈道導彈（截屏）
伊朗星期五在為期五天的軍事演習結束時發射了多枚彈道導彈，將軍們表示這是對以色列的警告。
“這些演習旨在應對猶太復國主義政權最近幾天發出的威脅，”武裝部隊參謀長穆罕默德·巴格里少將告訴國家電視台。
“十六枚導彈瞄準並殲滅了選定的目標。在這次演習中，部署了能夠摧毀一個敢攻擊伊朗的國家的數百枚伊朗導彈中的一部分，”他補充說。
伊斯蘭革命衛隊總司令侯賽因薩拉米少將補充說：“這次軍事演習……是對猶太復國主義政權官員的嚴重警告……稍有不慎，我們就會砍斷他們的手。”
據伊朗伊斯蘭共和國通訊社報導，這些導彈型號為 Emad、Ghadr、Sejjil、Zalzal、Dezful 和 Zolfaghar，射程為 350 至 2000 公里（220 至 1250 英里）。
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伊朗表示，短程和中程導彈可以到達以色列以及該地區的美國基地。
伊朗官員表示，演習期間發射的導彈成功擊中了一個目標，同時 10 架無人機同時擊中了目標。國家電視台播放了導彈在沙漠中發射的畫面。
2016 年 9 月 21 日，伊朗武裝部隊總參謀長穆罕默德·侯賽因·巴蓋里將軍在伊朗德黑蘭郊外發表講話。 (美聯社照片 / Ebrahim Noroozi)
在周二演習的第二天，伊朗也發射了巡航導彈。
廣告
在倫敦發表的一份聲明中，英國外交部譴責伊朗使用彈道導彈，稱這是“對地區和國際安全的威脅”。
“此次發射明顯違反了聯合國安理會第 2231 號決議，該決議要求伊朗不得從事任何與旨在能夠運載核武器的彈道導彈相關的活動——包括使用彈道導彈技術進行發射，”它援引一位發言人的話說。 .
週一開始的為期五天的年度演習正值維也納為重振德黑蘭與世界大國的核協議而陷入困境的談判之際。隨著恢復協議的談判努力取得進展，伊朗加快了其核進程。會談將於週一恢復。
2021 年 4 月 17 日，納坦茲鈾濃縮設施的一個大廳裡排列著各種離心機。（截圖，伊朗伊斯蘭共和國廣播 - IRIB，通過美聯社）
2018 年，前總統唐納德特朗普讓美國退出核協議，並重新對伊朗實施嚴厲制裁。德黑蘭此後開始公開將鈾濃縮到 60% 的純度——這是製造原子彈所需的 90% 的一小步技術步驟炸彈。
長期以來，以色列一直將伊朗的核計劃視為威脅，並尋求美國和國際社會採取更強硬的立場。伊朗堅稱其核計劃是和平的。
以色列不是維也納會談的一方，但如果外交失敗則威脅要使用武力，美國也表示正在準備“替代方案”。本月早些時候，國防部長本尼·甘茨（Benny Gantz）表示，他已通知美國官員，他已指示以色列國防軍準備對伊朗發動襲擊。
廣告
一位美國高級官員本月早些時候表示，如果核談判失敗，以色列和美國的軍事領導人將討論可能的軍事演習，以練習在最壞的情況下摧毀伊朗的核設施。
據報導，以色列已經批准了大約 50 億新謝克爾（15 億美元）的預算，用於為軍隊對伊朗核計劃的潛在打擊做準備。它包括為各種類型的飛機、情報收集無人機和此類攻擊所需的獨特武器提供資金，這些攻擊必須針對戒備森嚴的地下場所。
In ‘warning’ to Israel, Iran says it fired 16 ballistic missiles able to hit country
Armed forces chief says exercise is a response to Israeli threats; Guards leader adds: We’ll cut off Zionist regime’s hands if they make a mistake
By AGENCIES and TOI STAFFToday, 4:13 pm
Iran says it fired 16 ballistic missiles in a drill on December 24, 2021 (Screen grab)
Iran fired multiple ballistic missiles Friday at the close of five days of military drills that generals said were a warning to Israel.
“These exercises were designed to respond to threats made in recent days by the Zionist regime,” armed forces chief of staff Major General Mohammad Bagheri told state television.
“Sixteen missiles aimed and annihilated the chosen target. In this exercise, part of the hundreds of Iranian missiles capable of destroying a country that dared to attack Iran were deployed,” he added.
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps chief Major General Hossein Salami added: “The military exercise… is a serious warning to Zionist regime officials… Make the slightest mistake, we will cut off their hand.”
According to the IRNA news agency, the missiles were of the models Emad, Ghadr, Sejjil, Zalzal, Dezful and Zolfaghar and that their range is from 350 to 2000 kilometers (220 to 1250 miles).
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The short-range and medium-range missiles, Iran has said, can reach Israel as well as US bases in the region.
Iranian officials said the missiles fired during the drill successfully hit one target at the same time as 10 drones simultaneously hit their targets. State TV showed missiles launching in the desert.
Chief of Staff of Iran’s Armed Forces, General Mohammad Hossein Bagheri delivers a speech just outside Tehran, Iran, on September 21, 2016. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)
During the second day of the drill on Tuesday, Iran launched cruise missiles, too.
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In a statement issued in London, the British Foreign Office condemned Iran’s use of ballistic missiles, saying it was a “threat to regional and international security”.
“The launch is a clear breach of UN Security Council Resolution 2231, which requires that Iran not undertake any activity related to ballistic missiles designed to be capable of delivering nuclear weapons -– including launches using ballistic missile technology,” it quoted a spokesperson as saying.
The five-day annual exercise that began on Monday comes amid troubled talks in Vienna to revive Tehran’s nuclear deal with world powers. Iran has accelerated its nuclear advances as negotiations to return to the accord struggle to make headway. The talks will resume on Monday.
Various centrifuge machines line a hall at the Natanz Uranium Enrichment Facility, on April 17, 2021. (screenshot, Islamic Republic Iran Broadcasting – IRIB, via AP)
Former president Donald Trump pulled the United States out of the nuclear deal and re-imposed crushing sanctions on Iran in 2018. Tehran has since started openly enriching uranium up to 60 percent purity — a short technical step from the 90% needed to make an atomic bomb.
Israel has long seen Iran’s nuclear program as a threat and seeks a harder line by the US and international community. Iran insists its nuclear program is peaceful.
Israel is not a party to the Vienna talks but has threatened force if diplomacy fails, and the US has also said it is preparing “alternatives.” Earlier this month, Defense Minister Benny Gantz said he notified US officials that he had instructed the Israel Defense Forces to prepare for a strike against Iran.
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A senior US official said earlier this month that Israeli and American military leaders are set to discuss possible military drills to practice destroying Iranian nuclear facilities in a potential worst-case scenario if nuclear talks fail.
Israel has reportedly approved a budget of some NIS 5 billion ($1.5 billion) to be used to prepare the military for a potential strike against Iran’s nuclear program. It includes funds for various types of aircraft, intelligence-gathering drones and unique armaments needed for such an attack, which would have to target heavily fortified underground sites.
Lebanon's top Christian party signals possible end of Hezbollah alliance
Prominent figures close to the Free Patriotic Movement have said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 23, 2021 19:12
Gebran Bassil, leader of Lebanon's biggest Christian bloc, the Free Patriotic Movement, gestures as he speaks after a parliamentary session at UNESCO Palace in Beirut, Lebanon, October 19, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/ISSAM ABDALLAH)
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Lebanon's top Christian party has indicated it is considering ending a political alliance with Iran-backed Hezbollah, threatening a fragile union that has shaped Lebanese politics for nearly 16 years.
Gebran Bassil, leader of the Free Patriotic Movement party said earlier this week there would be "political consequences" for action taken against his party by Lebanon's two main Shiite parties Hezbollah and Amal.
Prominent figures close to the party have also said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
"Mikhael is dead," FPM pundit Charbel Khalil tweeted on Tuesday.
The party's support was critical in bringing President Michel Aoun, the FPM's founder, to power in 2016, and the FPM has provided critical Christian political cover for Hezbollah's armed presence under Lebanon's sectarian power-sharing system.
HEZBOLLAH MEMBERS hold flags marking Resistance and Liberation Day, in Kfar Kila near the Lebanese border with Israel in May. (credit: AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)
Hezbollah has not publicly commented.
Pro-Hezbollah Sheikh Sadiq Al-Nabulsi said on Wednesday that Hezbollah had "a very high tolerance for pain and criticism" but Bassil was at risk of losing its support.
"Today the FPM has no real ally other than Hezbollah, so why are you letting go of your last ally?" he said.
Bassil's party has faced growing political pressure to distance itself from Hezbollah since the country's 2019 financial meltdown.
Traditional allies in the Arab Gulf have been unwilling to provide Lebanon with aid, as they have in the past, because of what they have said is Hezbollah's grip on the country and its support for Iran-backed Houthi rebels battling Saudi-backed forces in Yemen.
The group is classified by the United States and major western nations as a terrorist group.
In Lebanon, Hezbollah has taken a hardline stance against the judge investigating the August 2020 Beirut blast, causing a row that has left Prime Minister Najib Mikati's government unable to meet since Oct. 12 even as poverty and hunger worsen.
But Hezbollah remains Bassil's strongest ally. And with presidential and parliamentary elections due next year, some analysts say the FPM could be posturing.
"The FPM is stuck between a rock and a hard place today. They certainly realize that the Christian street no longer condones any form of acquiescence to Hezbollah's demands," said Karim Emile Bitar, director of the Institute of Political science at Beirut's Saint Joseph University.
"But they simply cannot afford to completely let go of this alliance because it would ruin Bassil's presidential ambitions and would certainly prevent them from getting a significant parliamentary bloc."
黎巴嫩最高基督教黨表示真主黨聯盟可能結束
接近自由愛國運動的知名人士表示，FPM 與真主黨之間的 2006 年三月米哈伊爾協議已經結束。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 23 日 19:12
2021 年 10 月 19 日，黎巴嫩最大的基督教集團自由愛國運動的領導人 Gebran Bassil 在黎巴嫩貝魯特的聯合國教科文組織宮舉行議會會議後發表講話。
（圖片來源：路透社/ISSAM ABDALLAH）
廣告
黎巴嫩最高基督教政黨表示，它正在考慮結束與伊朗支持的真主黨的政治聯盟，威脅到一個已經塑造了黎巴嫩政治近 16 年的脆弱聯盟。
自由愛國運動黨領袖格布蘭巴西爾本週早些時候表示，黎巴嫩兩個主要什葉派政黨真主黨和阿邁勒黨對其政黨採取的行動將產生“政治後果”。
與該黨關係密切的知名人士還表示，FPM 與真主黨之間的 2006 年三月米哈伊爾協議即將結束。
“米哈爾死了，”FPM 專家 Charbel Khalil 週二在推特上寫道。
該黨的支持對於讓 FPM 的創始人米歇爾·奧恩 (Michel Aoun) 總統在 2016 年掌權至關重要，而且 FPM 為真主黨在黎巴嫩宗派權力分享制度下的武裝存在提供了關鍵的基督教政治掩護。
5 月，真主黨成員在黎巴嫩與以色列邊境附近的 Kfar Kila 舉著紀念抵抗和解放日的旗幟。（信用：阿齊茲·塔赫/路透社）
真主黨尚未公開發表評論。
親真主黨謝赫薩迪克·納布西周三表示，真主黨“對痛苦和批評有很高的容忍度”，但巴西爾有失去支持的風險。
“今天FPM除了真主黨沒有真正的盟友，所以你為什麼要放棄你最後的盟友？” 他說。
自該國 2019 年金融危機以來，巴西爾所在的政黨面臨越來越大的政治壓力，要求與真主黨保持距離。
阿拉伯海灣的傳統盟友一直不願像過去那樣向黎巴嫩提供援助，因為他們所說的是真主黨對該國的控制，並支持伊朗支持的胡塞叛亂分子在也門與沙特支持的部隊作戰.
該組織被美國和西方主要國家列為恐怖組織。
在黎巴嫩，真主黨對調查 2020 年 8 月貝魯特爆炸事件的法官採取了強硬立場，這引發了一場爭吵，自 10 月 12 日以來，即使貧困和飢餓惡化，納吉布·米卡蒂總理的政府也無法開會。
但真主黨仍然是巴西爾最強大的盟友。由於明年將舉行總統和議會選舉，一些分析人士表示，FPM 可能是在裝腔作勢。
貝魯特聖約瑟夫大學政治學研究所所長卡里姆·埃米爾·比塔爾 (Karim Emile Bitar) 說：“今天，FPM 被困在艱難險阻之間。他們當然意識到，基督教街不再容忍任何形式的對真主黨要求的默許。” .
“但他們根本無法完全放棄這個聯盟，因為它會破壞巴西爾的總統野心，肯定會阻止他們獲得一個重要的議會集團。”
Lebanon's top Christian party signals possible end of Hezbollah alliance
Prominent figures close to the Free Patriotic Movement have said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 23, 2021 19:12
Gebran Bassil, leader of Lebanon's biggest Christian bloc, the Free Patriotic Movement, gestures as he speaks after a parliamentary session at UNESCO Palace in Beirut, Lebanon, October 19, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/ISSAM ABDALLAH)
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Lebanon's top Christian party has indicated it is considering ending a political alliance with Iran-backed Hezbollah, threatening a fragile union that has shaped Lebanese politics for nearly 16 years.
Gebran Bassil, leader of the Free Patriotic Movement party said earlier this week there would be "political consequences" for action taken against his party by Lebanon's two main Shiite parties Hezbollah and Amal.
Prominent figures close to the party have also said the 2006 Mar Mikhael Agreement between FPM and Hezbollah is at an end.
"Mikhael is dead," FPM pundit Charbel Khalil tweeted on Tuesday.
#مات_مخايل … pic.twitter.com/2fmCDYjmmi
— Charbel Khalil (@khalil_charbel) December 21, 2021
The party's support was critical in bringing President Michel Aoun, the FPM's founder, to power in 2016, and the FPM has provided critical Christian political cover for Hezbollah's armed presence under Lebanon's sectarian power-sharing system.
HEZBOLLAH MEMBERS hold flags marking Resistance and Liberation Day, in Kfar Kila near the Lebanese border with Israel in May. (credit: AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)
Hezbollah has not publicly commented.
Pro-Hezbollah Sheikh Sadiq Al-Nabulsi said on Wednesday that Hezbollah had "a very high tolerance for pain and criticism" but Bassil was at risk of losing its support.
"Today the FPM has no real ally other than Hezbollah, so why are you letting go of your last ally?" he said.
Bassil's party has faced growing political pressure to distance itself from Hezbollah since the country's 2019 financial meltdown.
Traditional allies in the Arab Gulf have been unwilling to provide Lebanon with aid, as they have in the past, because of what they have said is Hezbollah's grip on the country and its support for Iran-backed Houthi rebels battling Saudi-backed forces in Yemen.
The group is classified by the United States and major western nations as a terrorist group.
In Lebanon, Hezbollah has taken a hardline stance against the judge investigating the August 2020 Beirut blast, causing a row that has left Prime Minister Najib Mikati's government unable to meet since Oct. 12 even as poverty and hunger worsen.
But Hezbollah remains Bassil's strongest ally. And with presidential and parliamentary elections due next year, some analysts say the FPM could be posturing.
"The FPM is stuck between a rock and a hard place today. They certainly realize that the Christian street no longer condones any form of acquiescence to Hezbollah's demands," said Karim Emile Bitar, director of the Institute of Political science at Beirut's Saint Joseph University.
"But they simply cannot afford to completely let go of this alliance because it would ruin Bassil's presidential ambitions and would certainly prevent them from getting a significant parliamentary bloc."
土耳其凍結美國基金會 770 人的資產
總部位於芝加哥的尼亞加拉基金會的資產因與美國神職人員費圖拉·居倫的聯繫而被凍結，後者被土耳其指控於 2016 年發動政變企圖。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 08:22
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 10 月 16 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話
（照片來源：路透社/穆拉德·塞澤）
廣告
週五在其官方公報上公佈的一項裁決顯示，土耳其以資助恐怖主義為由凍結了總共 770 人和一個美國基金會的資產。
總部位於芝加哥的尼亞加拉基金會的資產因與美國神職人員費圖拉·居倫的聯繫而被凍結，後者被土耳其指控於 2016 年發動政變企圖。
公報稱，400 多人的資產因與居倫的聯繫而被凍結。
它補充說，採取這一步驟是基於合理的理由，即他們犯下了標題為“資助恐怖主義罪”和“禁止提供或收集資金的行為”的條款所涵蓋的行為。
根據該決定，200 多名被指控與被取締的庫爾德工人黨和伊斯蘭國激進組織有聯繫的人的資產也被凍結。
Turkey freezes assets of 770 individuals, US-based foundation
Chicago-based Niagara Foundation's assets were frozen because of links with the US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, accused by Turkey of staging a coup attempt in 2016.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 24, 2021 08:22
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a news conference in Istanbul, Turkey October 16, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/MURAD SEZER)
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Turkey has frozen the assets of a total of 770 people and a US-based foundation on the grounds of terrorism financing, a ruling published in its official gazette showed on Friday.
Chicago-based Niagara Foundation's assets were frozen because of links with the US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, accused by Turkey of staging a coup attempt in 2016.
The assets of more than 400 people were frozen for links to Gulen, the gazette said.
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This step was taken on the basis of reasonable grounds that they had committed the acts covered by the articles titled "the crime of financing of terrorism" and "acts prohibited from providing or collecting funds," it added.
Assets of more than 200 individuals accused of links to the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party and ISIS militant groups were also frozen, according to the decision.
加沙人說，巴勒斯坦哈馬斯應對危機負責 - 民意調查
只有 15% 的人將加沙地帶的問題歸咎於以色列，只有 7% 的人將責任歸咎於埃及。
由哈利·阿布·托梅
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 23 日 16:42
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 24 日 07:06
2021 年 12 月 21 日，在加沙城，去年 5 月，在以巴戰鬥期間，推土機清除了被以色列空襲擊中的 Al-Jawharah 塔的碎片
（圖片來源：穆罕默德·塞勒姆/路透社）
廣告
巴勒斯坦阿特拉斯研究中心週四公佈的一項民意調查顯示，加沙地帶的大多數巴勒斯坦人認為巴勒斯坦權力機構和哈馬斯應對哈馬斯統治的沿海飛地的持續危機負責。
結果顯示，45% 的受訪者認為巴勒斯坦權力機構應對加沙地帶的各種危機負責，25% 的人表示他們認為哈馬斯有責任，只有 15% 的人指責以色列。
此外，只有 7% 的受訪者將加沙地帶的危機歸咎於埃及，那里約有 200 萬巴勒斯坦人。
巴勒斯坦權力機構、哈馬斯和許多國際政黨經常認為以色列對加沙地帶的“經濟和人道主義危機”負有全部責任，因為那裡實施了封鎖。
2007 年，哈馬斯在取消巴勒斯坦權力機構的權力後奪取了對加沙的控制權。從那以後，哈馬斯和統治巴勒斯坦權力機構的法塔赫派一直在交戰。
加沙邊境屏障（來源：國防部發言人辦公室）
2017 年和 2018 年，巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯對加沙地帶實施了一系列制裁，作為削弱哈馬斯並使其垮台的努力的一部分。除其他外，制裁包括削減數千名公務員的工資，以及向有需要的家庭提供經濟援助。
一些巴勒斯坦權力機構官員經常將哈馬斯歸咎於加沙危機，而哈馬斯和其他巴勒斯坦派系則一再指責巴勒斯坦權力機構負責。
然而，由於埃及和加沙之間的拉法過境點關閉，一些巴勒斯坦人繼續指責埃及。
民意調查顯示，大多數加沙的巴勒斯坦人認為他們的生活條件將保持不變或將惡化。
根據調查結果，71% 的受訪者表示，他們不相信巴勒斯坦官員在巴勒斯坦談論金融危機。
結果顯示，87% 的加沙受訪者在哈馬斯的統治下感到安全。另有 59% 的人對哈馬斯控制的政府機構的表現表示滿意。
關於與以色列的衝突，47% 的受訪者表示支持“武裝抵抗”作為他們恢復巴勒斯坦權利的首選方法。
不出所料，結果顯示，哈馬斯領導人伊斯梅爾·哈尼耶是巴勒斯坦人首選的巴勒斯坦權力機構主席，其次是被判入獄的法塔赫領導人馬爾萬·巴爾古提。
根據民意調查，如果今天舉行議會選舉，哈馬斯將贏得 36% 的選票，根據結果，阿巴斯的法塔赫派僅獲得 18% 的選票。
議會選舉原定於 5 月 22 日舉行，但在 4 月底被阿巴斯取消。阿巴斯通過指責以色列拒絕讓選舉在耶路撒冷舉行來為他的舉動辯護。
然而，一些巴勒斯坦政治分析家和活動家認為，阿巴斯在得出結論認為法塔赫肯定會在選舉中遭受羞辱性失敗後做出決定，主要是因為該派係正在三個不同的名單下競爭投票。
該民意調查於 12 月 5 日至 8 日在加沙地帶進行，對居住在那裡的 1,000 名巴勒斯坦人進行了調查，誤差幅度為 2%-3%。
巴勒斯坦阿特拉斯研究中心於 2012 年在加沙地帶成立，自稱是一家專門研究以色列事務的“獨立研究機構”，“旨在為巴勒斯坦事業服務，並傳播對猶太復國主義企業和以色列實體的認識。 。”
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