MDMA, also known as ecstasy or molly, is a synthetic psychoactive substance first created in 1912. While initially synthesized for pharmaceutical purposes, MDMA gained popularity as a recreational drug in the 1980s, leading to its classification as a Schedule I substance in the U.S. MDMA functions by promoting the release of both dopamine and serotonin in the brain. The combined effect of these neurotransmitters classifies MDMA as an empathogen, increasing feelings of social connectedness and empathy. This quality makes MDMA a potentially powerful tool in therapeutic settings, particularly for treating PTSD. Current research suggests MDMA is not neurotoxic when administered in controlled settings and at prescribed doses. However, combining MDMA with other substances, like caffeine, or exposure to high temperatures, increases the risk of toxicity. Clinical trials using MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD show promising results. The therapy combines talk therapy sessions with controlled MDMA doses. The trials show that MDMA significantly reduces PTSD symptoms by reducing activity in the brain's threat detection centers, making patients more receptive to processing their trauma and achieving long-term relief.

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