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273: CTVT-A acquires 15-Mb N-HT1 dicentric nuclear element via horizontal transfer
Gori K et al., PNAS - In canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), deep sequencing and cytogenetics identify a 15‑Mb horizontally transferred nuclear element (N-HT1) acquired ~2,000 years ago that is transcriptionally active.
Study Highlights:
The authors screened 174 transmissible tumor genomes, focusing on CTVT, DFT1, and DFT2, using deep short-read sequencing, long-read PacBio sequencing, structural variant analysis, and metaphase FISH. In CTVT-A they discovered a 15-Mb dicentric element (N-HT1) assembled from 11 fragments of six chromosomes that forms the short arm of a small submetacentric chromosome after centromeric fusion. Mutation density and CpG-based dating place N-HT1 acquisition about 2,000 years ago, and transcriptome allele deconvolution shows N-HT1 is transcriptionally active and adopts the CTVT expression profile. Functional interrogation found no clear oncogenic drivers on N-HT1, with at least one rescued gene (ARFGEF3) later inactivated, consistent with the element behaving as a likely neutral passenger.
Conclusion:
A single host-to-tumor nuclear horizontal transfer event was detected in sampled transmissible cancers: CTVT-A acquired a 15-Mb N-HT1 element that is transcriptionally active but shows no clear evidence of positive selection.
Music:
Enjoy the music based on this article at the end of the episode.
Reference:
Gori K., Baez-Ortega A., Strakova A., Stammnitz M.R., Wang J., Chan J., Hughes K., et al. Horizontal transfer of nuclear DNA in transmissible cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2025;122:e2424634122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424634122
License:
This episode is based on an open-access article published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Support:
Base by Base – Stripe donations: https://donate.stripe.com/7sY4gz71B2sN3RWac5gEg00
Official website https://basebybase.com
On PaperCast Base by Base you’ll discover the latest in genomics, functional genomics, structural genomics, and proteomics.
Episode link: https://basebybase.castos.com/episodes/ctvt-n-ht1-horizontal-transfer
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By Gustavo BarraGori K et al., PNAS - In canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), deep sequencing and cytogenetics identify a 15‑Mb horizontally transferred nuclear element (N-HT1) acquired ~2,000 years ago that is transcriptionally active.
Study Highlights:
The authors screened 174 transmissible tumor genomes, focusing on CTVT, DFT1, and DFT2, using deep short-read sequencing, long-read PacBio sequencing, structural variant analysis, and metaphase FISH. In CTVT-A they discovered a 15-Mb dicentric element (N-HT1) assembled from 11 fragments of six chromosomes that forms the short arm of a small submetacentric chromosome after centromeric fusion. Mutation density and CpG-based dating place N-HT1 acquisition about 2,000 years ago, and transcriptome allele deconvolution shows N-HT1 is transcriptionally active and adopts the CTVT expression profile. Functional interrogation found no clear oncogenic drivers on N-HT1, with at least one rescued gene (ARFGEF3) later inactivated, consistent with the element behaving as a likely neutral passenger.
Conclusion:
A single host-to-tumor nuclear horizontal transfer event was detected in sampled transmissible cancers: CTVT-A acquired a 15-Mb N-HT1 element that is transcriptionally active but shows no clear evidence of positive selection.
Music:
Enjoy the music based on this article at the end of the episode.
Reference:
Gori K., Baez-Ortega A., Strakova A., Stammnitz M.R., Wang J., Chan J., Hughes K., et al. Horizontal transfer of nuclear DNA in transmissible cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2025;122:e2424634122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424634122
License:
This episode is based on an open-access article published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Support:
Base by Base – Stripe donations: https://donate.stripe.com/7sY4gz71B2sN3RWac5gEg00
Official website https://basebybase.com
On PaperCast Base by Base you’ll discover the latest in genomics, functional genomics, structural genomics, and proteomics.
Episode link: https://basebybase.castos.com/episodes/ctvt-n-ht1-horizontal-transfer