My guest today is Carol Propper. Carol is a Professor of Economics at Imperial College Business School and Bristol University. Her research focuses on health economics and the impact of incentives on the healthcare systems quality and productivity. Carol is president of the Royal Economic Society and has just been made a Dame in the New Year’s Honours for her contribution to economics. In this episode, we discussed the short- and long-term health consequences of lockdowns, the key lessons for national health services, health inequality and the future of pandemics.