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 Summary 

 We learned in the mishna (28.1): “An esrog of terumah temeiah is possul”. 

Because it is forbidden to eat. 

 We learned in the mishna (28.1): An esrog of terumah shouldn’t be used, but if it was used, it’s kosher. 

The reason for this is a debate between Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi. 

According to one: Because it may become muchshar (the lulav was stored in water and would wet the esrog; setting it up for contracting tumah - see 11.4). 

According to the other: Because it is ruined (the peel becomes brown from handling). 

The difference would be in a case where he proclaimed the entire fruit - except for its peel - terumah. It would still have the problem of making the fruit muchshar, but not the issue of ruining the peel.

 We learned in the mishna (28.1): An esrog of terumah shouldn’t be used, but if it was used, it’s kosher. 

According to the opinion (regarding orlah - 28.2) that it must be fit for consumption; such an esrog is fit for consumption. According to the opinion that it must be his property; such an esrog is his property. 

 We learned in the mishna (28.1): An esrog of Demai: Beis Shammai: It is possul. Beis Hillel: It is kosher. 

[Demai is food produced by amei ha’aretz. We generally don’t eat it because we don’t trust that they separated terumos and maasros. But actually the majority of amei ha’aretz did separate terumos and it was thus permitted for paupers to eat without separating terumos].

 Beis Hillel permits this esrog since one can become a pauper at any moment by giving away all his property, Demai is thus technically permitted for him to eat (the problem with an esrog that cannot be eaten is that it’s not considered ‘lachem’, but here since he has the potential to eat it, it is permissible).

We learned this in a mishna: We feed paupers demai. We also feed soldiers demai (according to some this refers to non-jewish soldiers, if terumah needs to be separated from a food, you cannot give it away to a gentile. According to others this refers to Jewish soldiers, although they may be landowners, they’re considered paupers as long as they’re on active duty).

According to Beis Shammai, demai is not permissible for paupers, as we learned:

We feed paupers demai. We also feed soldiers demai. 

 Rav Huna: Learn it this way: Beis Shammai: Paupers and soldiers cannot be fed with demai. Beis Hillel: Paupers and soldiers are fed demai.