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 Summary 

 We learned (29.4): A black [Ethiopian] esrog is possul. 

 Challenge: Beraisa: An Ethiopian esrog is kosher, if it looks like an Ethiopian esrog [it’s black], it’s possul. 

Abayye: Our mishna is referring to a black esrog that didn’t grow in Ethiopia, it merely looks Ethiopian.

 Rava: For us [in Eretz Yisroel] it is possul [even if it’s actually from Ethiopia] for them [in Bavel, where they’re accustomed to Ethiopian esrogim], it is kosher.

 We learned (29.4): An unripe esrog*: is possul according to Rabbi Akiva. The Chachomim permit its use. 

 Rabbah: Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Shimon are in agreement.

 Rabbi Shimon: A small esrog is pottur from maaser [this agrees with Rabbi Akiva that it is possul with regard to esrog]. 

 Abayye to Rabbah: Perhaps it is not so, perhaps it is only possul according to Rabbi Akiva with regard to esrog which must be hadar. And perhaps Rabbi Shimon only holds this position with regard to maaser which must be able to reproduce. 

It is therefore not a valid comparison. 

 We learned (29.4): If it was grown in a form and is now shaped like some other creature, it’s possul. 

 Rava: If it was grown in a form but is shaped like an esrog, it’s kosher.

 Question: It states explicitly “If it was grown in a form and is now shaped like some other creature”, but if it’s shaped like an esrog, it’s kosher.

 Response: This is a case where ridges developed because of the form, Rava is saying that it’s still kosher.

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* Tosfos explains that an unripe esrog cannot be used regardless of its size, the unripeness alone disqualifies it.