Starting with a... (need to listen to hear this interesting tidbit)... Josh describes how he got his first opioid prescription, what it felt like, and how he managed to stay on them for 2 years. Unfortunately, his story is just one of thousands, he is just one of thousands, who was a direct victim of Purdue Pharma and the infamous "pain as the 5th vital sign". Dr. Heather will then explain the data and facts behind how this all 'happened' - ie. the story of the first wave of the opioid epidemic.

- Dr Portenoy: Pain, 1986 May 25 (2) 171-86
- Porter and Jick. New England Journal of Medicine 1980; 302:123
- Perry and Heidrich. Pain 1982; 13: 267-280
- Minnesota Board of Medical Practice controlled substance work group, November 10, 2007
- CDC. National Center for Health Statistics, Provisional 2017.

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