Though crucial elements of a nationalist revival were in place before Theodor Herzl decided in 1895 to devote his life to creating a Jewish state, there is little doubt that without this singular figure such a state would not have been established. In this episode, Dr. Polisar focuses on how Herzl founded the Zionist movement; he served simultaneously as the man of ideas who developed the vision and plans for a Jewish state, as the institution-builder who created an international movement capable of acting effectively during and after his lifetime, and as the chief diplomat who paved the way for the decision of the world's leading powers, a decade and a half after his death, to establish a Jewish home in Palestine.

Supplemental Materials:

• "The Mystery of Theodor Herzl" by Rick Richman.
• "Theodor Herzl: The Birth of Political Zionism"—an online course taught by Daniel Polisar.