This podcast episode explores the fundamental differences between synthetic single-molecule compounds and natural extracts in the context of cannabinoids and psychedelics. The discussion delves into the complexities and challenges of working with natural extracts, including concepts like residual complexity, batch variability, cultivar stability, and polypharmacy. The episode then introduces Quality by Design (QBD) as a systematic approach to managing these challenges, explaining how this scientific methodology helps create more consistent and reliable products. The conversation concludes with insights into personalized medicine and the future potential of these compounds in therapeutic applications.