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 Summary 

 Rava: Mighty halachos can be learned from the minhag of hallel. 

Rashi: Originally, not everyone was able to say Hallel on their own, this is why our mishna (30.6) teaches that if one hears it from an adult male he is yotzei and if he hears it from a woman he must repeat the words himself. In Rava’s time everyone was able to say Hallel on their own, but they still followed certain customs to remember how Hallel was originally said. The original custom was that the crowd [of the uneducated] was silent while the Shatz recited Hallel aloud [and the educated said the words silently along with him], and after every phrase, they [the uneducated] would respond “Hallelukah”. The first “Hallelukah” was proclaimed even by the educated. They [the uneducated] would also repeat the first verse of every chapter. Rava now delineates the current custom [of his time]:

The Shatz says Hallelukah, and everyone shouts Hallelukah. This shows that originally everyone responded to the first Hallelukah.

The Shatz says Hallelu avdei Hashem and everyone shouts Hallelukah. This shows that originally the uneducated responded “Hallelukah” after every phrase [read to them by an adult male].

The Shatz says Hodu LaHashem and everyone repeats it. This shows that originally the uneducated repeated the first verse of every chapter.

The Shatz says Ana Hashem hoshia na and everyone repeats it. This shows that originally the uneducated repeated the entire Hallel [if it was read to them by a woman].

The Shatz says Ana Hashem hatzlicha na and everyone repeats it. This shows that if one wishes to repeat the verses he may do so (30.6).

The Shatz says Boruch Habo and they [are silent and] respond “B’sheim Hashem”. This shows the principle of shomeia k’oneh for people who cannot repeat at all.