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4. Timing is Everything: How Heat Waves Affect Milkweed and the Bugs That Depend on Them
Seasonal windows of opportunity in milkweed–monarch interactions Louie H. Yang, Meredith L. Cenzer First published: 05 September 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2880 Citations: 17 Corresponding Editor: Matthew L. Forister. The research article explores the seasonal windows of opportunity for monarch butterfly larvae to develop successfully on milkweed plants. It examines how the prospects for monarch larval development change throughout the growing season by manipulating the timing of monarch egg introductions to milkweed plants in three different years. The researchers investigated the role of various factors, including abiotic thermal stress, host plant density and quality, and natural enemy risk, in shaping these seasonal windows. By comparing the seasonal patterns of larval success and potential explanatory factors, the study suggests that seasonal variation in abiotic conditions, host plant availability, host plant traits, and natural enemy risk all potentially constrain monarch larval development and population growth. The timing of heat waves has multiyear effects on milkweed and its insect community Olivia L. Cope, Luke N. Zehr, Anurag A. Agrawal, William C. Wetzel First published: 09 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3988 Both sources explore the relationship between milkweed plants and their insect communities, particularly monarchs, within the context of changing environmental conditions. The first source focuses on the seasonal windows of opportunity for monarch development, investigating how factors such as temperature, milkweed availability and defensive traits influence monarch larval success throughout the growing season. The second source looks at the multiyear effects of heat waves on milkweed and its insect community, emphasizing how the timing of heat waves impacts plant growth, fecundity, and the abundance of different aphid species over multiple years. Both studies highlight the importance of temporal factors in understanding species interactions and the potential ecological consequences of changing climates.
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By Grow Milkweed Plants NetworkSeasonal windows of opportunity in milkweed–monarch interactions Louie H. Yang, Meredith L. Cenzer First published: 05 September 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2880 Citations: 17 Corresponding Editor: Matthew L. Forister. The research article explores the seasonal windows of opportunity for monarch butterfly larvae to develop successfully on milkweed plants. It examines how the prospects for monarch larval development change throughout the growing season by manipulating the timing of monarch egg introductions to milkweed plants in three different years. The researchers investigated the role of various factors, including abiotic thermal stress, host plant density and quality, and natural enemy risk, in shaping these seasonal windows. By comparing the seasonal patterns of larval success and potential explanatory factors, the study suggests that seasonal variation in abiotic conditions, host plant availability, host plant traits, and natural enemy risk all potentially constrain monarch larval development and population growth. The timing of heat waves has multiyear effects on milkweed and its insect community Olivia L. Cope, Luke N. Zehr, Anurag A. Agrawal, William C. Wetzel First published: 09 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3988 Both sources explore the relationship between milkweed plants and their insect communities, particularly monarchs, within the context of changing environmental conditions. The first source focuses on the seasonal windows of opportunity for monarch development, investigating how factors such as temperature, milkweed availability and defensive traits influence monarch larval success throughout the growing season. The second source looks at the multiyear effects of heat waves on milkweed and its insect community, emphasizing how the timing of heat waves impacts plant growth, fecundity, and the abundance of different aphid species over multiple years. Both studies highlight the importance of temporal factors in understanding species interactions and the potential ecological consequences of changing climates.