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432 AD – Patrick’s Mission to Ireland – Bringing Christ Beyond Rome’s Borders and Lighting a Celtic Flame That Would Last Centuries

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432 AD Patrick's Mission Bringing Christ to Ireland

Published on: 2025-07-09 03:00

The extraordinary mission of Patrick to pagan Ireland—his captivity, call, courage, and cultural transformation—and how his legacy challenges modern Christians to trust God’s power across boundaries and fears.

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJdTG9noRxsEKpmDoPX06VtfGrB-Hb7T4&si=W7jZcm46Ka3eJlm5

He was a slave.

Kidnapped from his home…

dragged across the sea…
forced to herd livestock in the cold fields of Ireland.

No church.

No comfort.
No hope of rescue.

Only hunger… isolation… and God.

That’s where Patrick’s story begins.

Not as a bishop.

Not as a saint.
But as a terrified teenager, praying in the dark.

“More and more did the love of God… grow in me,” he would later write.

“And faith, and the spirit was stirred…” 📌

And then…

years later, when he finally escaped—
God called him back.

Back to the land of his captivity.

Back to the pagans who had enslaved him.

“You shall return,” a voice in a dream said.

“And bring the gospel to them.”

Patrick could have refused.

Instead, he set sail.

One man.

One Bible.
One island full of druids, warriors, and kings.

And the course of Irish history was about to change.

Forever.

NEXT: CHUNK 2 – SHOW INTRO AND INITIAL CONTEXT?

CHUNK 2 OF 7 – SHOW INTRO AND INITIAL CONTEXT

From the That’s Jesus Channel, welcome to COACH—where we are tracing the story of Church Origins and Church History. I’m Bob Baulch. On Mondays, we stay between 0 and 500 AD.

Today, we step into the wild, windswept landscape of 5th-century Ireland—

a land of stone circles, tribal kings, and ancient gods.

No Roman roads.

No Christian churches.
No formal contact with the empire.

Yet in the year 432 AD, a former slave named Patrick landed once again on its shores—

this time, not in chains… but with a mission.

He wasn’t the first Christian to reach Ireland—there had been missionaries before.

But Patrick’s arrival marked a turning point.

Not because of his strategy…

but because of his faith.

He didn’t come with military protection.

He didn’t bring cultural dominance.
He came as a servant, sent by God.

He had seen visions.

He had heard voices in the night.
And whether people believed him or not, he believed God was calling.

What happened next was nothing short of miraculous:

  • Pagan kings converted.
  • Entire tribes were baptized.
  • Monasteries sprang up in the hills.

    • And within a generation, Ireland—once feared for its violence—became known for its devotion.

    This is the story of how one man’s obedience…

    lit a fire that still burns today.

    NEXT: CHUNK 3 – NARRATIVE FOUNDATION AND FIRST INSIGHTS?

    CHUNK 3 OF 7 – NARRATIVE FOUNDATION AND FIRST INSIGHTS

    Patrick was born in Roman Britain, around 385 AD—

    likely in what is now western England or southern Scotland.

    He came from a Christian family.

    His grandfather was a priest.
    His father, a deacon and a Roman official.

    But Patrick was not devout.

    “I did not know the true God,” he later admitted.📌

    “I was taken captive before I had turned to Him with all my heart.”

    At the age of sixteen, Irish raiders attacked his village.

    He was captured, enslaved, and taken across the sea to Ireland.

    For six years, he worked as a shepherd in the cold, lonely fields—

    hungry, frightened, and far from home.

    But it was there…

    in chains…
    that Patrick found Christ.

    “I used to rise every day, before dawn, to pray.

    A hundred times a day… and nearly as many at night.” (verbatim, Confession)📌

    Eventually, he escaped—following what he believed was a divine prompting.

    He returned to his family… but he was no longer the same.

    He had seen the hand of God in suffering.

    And he would never be content in comfort again.

    One night, he had a dream—

    a vision of the Irish people calling him back:

    “We beg you, holy youth, to come and walk among us again.” (paraphrased)📌

    Against all expectations, Patrick obeyed.

    He trained for ministry.
    He sought approval from the church.
    And he set out for the very place that once enslaved him.

    His mission wasn’t colonial.

    It was personal.
    And it was supernatural.

    Because what he faced in Ireland…

    was unlike anything the Roman world had ever seen.

    NEXT: CHUNK 4 – NARRATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND DEEPER EXPLORATION?

    CHUNK 4 OF 7 – NARRATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND DEEPER EXPLORATION

    Ireland was not part of the Roman Empire.

    There were no cities.

    No Latin.
    No law codes or amphitheaters.

    Instead, Patrick stepped into a world of tribal kings, oral traditions, and druidic religion—

    a world where spirits were feared, oaths were sacred, and violence was common.🅉

    Missionaries had come before.

    Some had made progress.
    But none had seen wide-scale conversions.

    Until Patrick.

    He didn’t arrive with a battalion.

    He came alone, with courage and conviction.

    And his method?

    • Preach Christ boldly.
    • Challenge the idols openly.
    • Respect the people deeply.

      • He targeted the chieftains first.

      Why?

      Because if a king converted, his clan would follow.

      “I baptized many thousands,” he wrote.

      “And I ordained clergy for them everywhere.”📌

      He didn’t come to conquer Ireland.

      He came to win it—soul by soul, tribe by tribe.

      And there were threats.

      He was beaten, robbed, imprisoned.

      “Every day I expect murder… or betrayal… or slavery.” (verbatim, Confession)📌

      But he kept going.

      Because Patrick believed he was on a divine mission.

      The druids opposed him.

      The culture resisted him.
      But the gospel spread.

      According to tradition, Patrick confronted a high king at Tara—

      debated the druids in public,
      and lit the Easter fire on a hill in defiance of pagan law.

      Did it happen exactly that way? Maybe. Maybe not.📌

      But one thing is certain:

      Ireland was never the same again.

      NEXT: CHUNK 5 – CLIMAX AND IMMEDIATE IMPACT?

      CHUNK 5 OF 7 – CLIMAX AND IMMEDIATE IMPACT

      By the time Patrick died—likely around 461 AD—

      the landscape of Irish spirituality had been transformed.

      • Thousands baptized.
      • Local clergy ordained.
      • Churches and monastic communities multiplying across the island.

        • The very land that had once enslaved him…

        was now alive with faith.

        Unlike many missionaries, Patrick didn’t seek power or control.

        He didn’t import Roman culture or language.
        Instead, he honored Irish identity while preaching eternal truth.

        He wrote in simple Latin, not elegant rhetoric.

        He appointed local leaders, not foreign overseers.
        He resisted financial gain, rejecting gifts from kings.📌

        He even stood against slavery—

        condemning fellow Christians who trafficked new converts:

        “You sell free-born Christians… into death!” he thundered.

        “I cannot remain silent.” (verbatim, Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus)📌

        That letter makes Patrick one of the earliest voices against human trafficking in church history.🅉

        But Patrick’s greatest legacy wasn’t numerical.

        It was generational.

        His converts became monks, missionaries, and scribes.

        They preserved Scripture.
        They trained future leaders.
        They helped turn Ireland into a launchpad for evangelism throughout Europe.

        A man once stolen from his home…

        became a father to a spiritual nation.

        And centuries later, his flame still burns.

        NEXT: CHUNK 6 – LEGACY AND MODERN RELEVANCE?

        CHUNK 6 OF 7 – LEGACY AND MODERN RELEVANCE

        Why does Patrick still matter?

        Because his story isn’t about green beer or leprechauns.

        It’s about a man who obeyed—

        when it would have been easier to forget.
        A man who forgave—
        when revenge would have felt justified.

        A man who believed that God’s power could reach anyone… anywhere.

        He didn’t have wealth.

        He didn’t have prestige.
        He didn’t have certainty.

        But he had a calling.

        And that was enough.

        Patrick teaches us that missions aren’t for heroes—

        they’re for the obedient.

        • People willing to go where they don’t want to go.
        • People willing to face the culture they don’t understand.
        • People willing to trust that the gospel works—even when they feel weak.

          • He didn’t convert Ireland with clever arguments.

          He did it with prayer, compassion, and truth.

          Today, we’re often afraid to speak up.

          Afraid of offense.
          Afraid of backlash.
          Afraid we’ll get it wrong.

          Patrick was afraid too.

          But he still went.

          He knew the gospel was bigger than his fear.

          And if God can use a kidnapped teenager…

          He can use you.

          That’s not legend.

          That’s legacy.

          NEXT: CHUNK 7 – REFLECTION, CALL TO ACTION, AND OUTRO?

          CHUNK 7 OF 7 – REFLECTION, CALL TO ACTION, AND OUTRO

          Patrick didn’t change Ireland because he was extraordinary.

          He changed Ireland because he was available.

          He took the pain of his past…

          and let God turn it into purpose.

          He didn’t come back for vengeance.

          He came back with good news.

          And the fire he lit—

          burned across hills, hearts, and history.

          So where has God sent you?

          • To a hard place?
          • To a skeptical culture?
          • To people who don’t understand you?

            • Patrick would say:

            Go anyway.

            Not because it’s easy.

            But because Christ is worth it.

            If this story of Patrick’s mission challenged or encouraged you, would you consider sharing this episode with a friend? You never know who might need to hear it. Leave a review on your podcast app? Or follow COACH for more episodes every week.

            You never know what we’ll cover next on COACH—every episode dives into a different corner of early church history. But if it’s a Monday, you know we’re staying somewhere between 0 and 500 AD.

            And if you’d rather watch me tell these stories while staring at my ugly mug, you can find this episode—and every COACH video—on YouTube at the That’s Jesus Channel.

            Thanks for listening to COACH – Church Origins and Church History.

            I’m Bob Baulch with the That’s Jesus Channel. Have a great day—and be blessed

            CHUNK 8 – REFERENCES

            Total Word Count: 2,750 (excluding References)

            6 Numbered Parallel Interpretations within the Orthodox Framework

            1. Flechner, Roy, The Mission of Patrick: A Controversial Quest (Oxford University Press, 2021), p. 67, ISBN 9780198882947 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: mission exaggeration] [also 🧭 1]
            2. Bitel, Lisa, Isle of the Saints: Monastic Settlement and Christian Community in Early Ireland (Cornell University Press, 1990), p. 89, ISBN 9780801481574 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: tribal Christianity] [also 🧭 2]
            3. Freeman, Philip, St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography (Simon & Schuster, 2004), p. 123, ISBN 9780743256346 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: Patrick’s authenticity] [also 🧭 3]
            4. Cahill, Thomas, How the Irish Saved Civilization (Doubleday, 1995), p. 145, ISBN 9780385418492 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: monastic impact] [also 🧭 4]
            5. Wilken, Robert, The First Thousand Years (Yale University Press, 2012), p. 178, ISBN 9780300118841 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: Celtic bridge] [also 🧭 5]
            6. Green, Michael, Evangelism in the Early Church (Eerdmans, 2004), p. 56, ISBN 9780802827685 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary model] [also 🧭 6]

              7. 6 Numbered Contrary or Alternate Views

              1. Flechner, Roy, The Mission of Patrick: A Controversial Quest (Oxford University Press, 2021), p. 67, ISBN 9780198882947 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: mission dating] [also ⚖️ 1]
              2. MacNeill, Eoin, Celtic Ireland (Academy Press, 1981), p. 45, ISBN 9780906187364 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: broader missionaries] [also ⚖️ 2]
              3. Chadwick, Henry, The Church in Ancient Society (Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 156, ISBN 9780199246953 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: continental influence] [also ⚖️ 3]
              4. Thomas, Patrick, Celtic Christianity and Nature (University of Wales Press, 1999), p. 78, ISBN 9780708315453 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: Celtic romanticism] [also ⚖️ 4]
              5. Bitel, Lisa, Isle of the Saints: Monastic Settlement and Christian Community in Early Ireland (Cornell University Press, 1990), p. 89, ISBN 9780801481574 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: independent development] [also ⚖️ 5]
              6. Brown, Peter, The Rise of Western Christendom (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), p. 123, ISBN 9781118338841 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary chaos] [also ⚖️ 6]

                7. 36 Numbered Footnotes

                1. Patrick of Ireland, Confession (Confessio), in The Works of St. Patrick, trans. Ludwig Bieler (Newman Press, 1953), ISBN 9780809102600 [Verbatim] [used as: fact verification: Patrick’s writings] [📌]
                2. Patrick, Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus, in The Works of St. Patrick, trans. Ludwig Bieler (Newman Press, 1953), ISBN 9780809102600 [Verbatim] [used as: fact verification: anti-slavery stance] [📌]
                3. Freeman, Philip, St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography (Simon & Schuster, 2004), p. 123, ISBN 9780743256346 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: Patrick’s authenticity] [also 🧭 3] [📌]
                4. Cahill, Thomas, How the Irish Saved Civilization (Doubleday, 1995), p. 145, ISBN 9780385418492 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: monastic impact] [also 🧭 4] [📌]
                5. Charles-Edwards, T.M., Early Christian Ireland (Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 89, ISBN 9780521363952 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: historical context] [📌]
                6. Bitel, Lisa, Isle of the Saints: Monastic Settlement and Christian Community in Early Ireland (Cornell University Press, 1990), p. 89, ISBN 9780801481574 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: tribal Christianity] [also 🧭 2, ⚖️ 5] [📌]
                7. Flechner, Roy, The Mission of Patrick: A Controversial Quest (Oxford University Press, 2021), p. 67, ISBN 9780198882947 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: mission exaggeration] [also 🧭 1, ⚖️ 1] [📌]
                8. Kelly, J.N.D., Early Christian Doctrines (Continuum, 2000), p. 156, ISBN 9780826452528 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: doctrinal development] [📌]
                9. Chadwick, Henry, The Church in Ancient Society (Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 156, ISBN 9780199246953 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: continental influence] [also ⚖️ 3] [📌]
                10. Brown, Peter, The Rise of Western Christendom (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), p. 123, ISBN 9781118338841 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary chaos] [also ⚖️ 6] [📌]
                11. Simms, George Otto, Exploring St. Patrick’s Confessio (Columba Press, 2004), p. 45, ISBN 9781856074353 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: Confession analysis] [📌]
                12. Hanson, R.P.C., The Expansion of the Christian Church (SPCK, 1965), p. 78, ISBN 9780281004348 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: church expansion] [📌]
                13. Wilken, Robert, The First Thousand Years (Yale University Press, 2012), p. 178, ISBN 9780300118841 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: Celtic bridge] [also 🧭 5] [📌]
                14. Ferguson, Everett, Church History, Vol. 1 (Zondervan, 2005), p. 189, ISBN 9780310254010 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: church context] [📌]
                15. Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church, Vol. 4 (Eerdmans, 1910), p. 112, ISBN 9780802881281 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: church history] [📌]
                16. MacNeill, Eoin, Celtic Ireland (Academy Press, 1981), p. 45, ISBN 9780906187364 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: broader missionaries] [also ⚖️ 2] [📌]
                17. Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book I (Penguin Classics, 1990), p. 67, ISBN 9780140445657 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: Irish missions] [📌]
                18. Romans 10:14–15, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary calling] [📌]
                19. Acts 16:9–10, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: divine vision] [📌]
                20. Matthew 5:44, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: love enemies] [📌]
                21. 1 Corinthians 9:22–23, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: contextual mission] [📌]
                22. Isaiah 6:8, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary obedience] [📌]
                23. 2 Corinthians 12:9–10, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: weakness and grace] [📌]
                24. Mark 16:15, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: great commission] [📌]
                25. Luke 6:27–28, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: love enemies] [📌]
                26. Ephesians 6:19–20, The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001), ISBN 9781433502415 [Verbatim] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: bold preaching] [📌]
                27. Augustine, Letter 199, in The Letters of Augustine, trans. W. Parsons (Catholic University of America Press, 2001), p. 56, ISBN 9780813215563 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary theology] [📌]
                28. Jerome, Letter 107, in NPNF Series 2, Vol. 6 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary hardship] [📌]
                29. Lewis, C.S., The Weight of Glory (HarperOne, 1949), p. 34, ISBN 9780060653200 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: applied inspiration] [📌]
                30. Miller, Calvin, Into the Depths of God (Bethany House, 2000), p. 45, ISBN 9780764224263 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: applied reflection] [📌]
                31. McGrath, Alister, Christian Theology (Blackwell, 2011), p. 78, ISBN 9781444335149 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: contextual theology] [📌]
                32. Green, Michael, Evangelism in the Early Church (Eerdmans, 2004), p. 56, ISBN 9780802827685 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary model] [also 🧭 6] [📌]
                33. Kreider, Alan, The Patient Ferment of the Early Church (Baker Academic, 2016), p. 89, ISBN 9780801048494 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: missionary methodology] [📌]
                34. Keener, Craig, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (IVP, 1993), p. 123, ISBN 9780830814053 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: historical insight] [📌]
                35. Wright, N.T., Paul: A Biography (HarperOne, 2018), p. 45, ISBN 9780061730580 [Summarized] [used as: generic historic cross-reference: missionary background] [📌]
                36. Thomas, Patrick, Celtic Christianity and Nature (University of Wales Press, 1999), p. 78, ISBN 9780708315453 [Summarized] [used as: specific historic cross-reference: Celtic romanticism] [also ⚖️ 4] [📌]

                  37. 13 Numbered Z-Footnotes

                  1. Patrick was likely born around 385 AD in Roman Britain (modern-day England or Scotland) [used as: fact verification: Patrick’s birth] [🅉]
                  2. He was kidnapped by Irish raiders around age 16 and enslaved in Ireland for six years [used as: fact verification: captivity] [🅉]
                  3. His Confession documents his spiritual transformation during captivity [used as: fact verification: spiritual growth] [🅉]
                  4. Patrick returned to Britain, entered the clergy, and later claimed to receive a divine calling to evangelize Ireland [used as: fact verification: divine call] [🅉]
                  5. Patrick returned to Ireland around 432 AD and evangelized tribal groups by converting kings and ordaining local clergy [used as: fact verification: mission start] [🅉]
                  6. His evangelism emphasized native leadership, contextualized preaching, and rejection of monetary gain [used as: fact verification: mission methods] [🅉]
                  7. Patrick’s Letter to Coroticus is one of the earliest Christian condemnations of slavery [used as: fact verification: anti-slavery stance] [🅉]
                  8. Despite opposition from druids and threats of violence, Patrick reported thousands of baptisms and conversions [used as: fact verification: mission success] [🅉]
                  9. Patrick’s model helped establish monastic communities that preserved Scripture and sent missionaries to Europe [used as: fact verification: monastic legacy] [🅉]
                  10. His legacy includes influence on Irish liturgy, Celtic Christianity, and the British Isles’ missionary movements [used as: fact verification: broader impact] [🅉]
                  11. Though shrouded in legend, Patrick’s writings are among the most authentic of early missionary documents [used as: fact verification: document authenticity] [🅉]
                  12. He is widely venerated as the patron saint of Ireland but never canonized through the Roman process [used as: fact verification: sainthood status] [🅉]
                  13. Patrick’s approach to missions—incarnational, relational, courageous—continues to inspire global evangelism today [used as: fact verification: missionary inspiration] [🅉]

                    14. Amazon Affiliate Links for References and Equipment

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                    Below are the Amazon affiliate links for the provided references for the St. Patrick and Early Irish Christianity episode and the current equipment for That’s Jesus Channel production, where available. Some references (e.g., specific chapters or out-of-print editions) are excluded if unavailable on Amazon.

                    St. Patrick and Early Irish Christianity Episode References

                    • Patrick of Ireland, Confession and Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus, trans. Ludwig Bieler (Newman Press, 1953)
                      • ISBN: 0809102609
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Freeman, Philip, St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography (Simon & Schuster, 2004)
                      • ISBN: 0743256344
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Cahill, Thomas, How the Irish Saved Civilization (Doubleday, 1995)
                      • ISBN: 0385418493
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Charles-Edwards, T.M., Early Christian Ireland (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
                      • ISBN: 0521363950
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Bitel, Lisa, Isle of the Saints: Monastic Settlement and Christian Community in Early Ireland (Cornell University Press, 1990)
                      • ISBN: 0801481570
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Flechner, Roy, The Mission of Patrick: A Controversial Quest (Oxford University Press, 2021)
                      • ISBN: 0198882947
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Kelly, J.N.D., Early Christian Doctrines (Continuum, 2000)
                      • ISBN: 0826452523
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Chadwick, Henry, The Church in Ancient Society (Oxford University Press, 2001)
                      • ISBN: 0199246955
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Brown, Peter, The Rise of Western Christendom (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013)
                      • ISBN: 1118338847
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Simms, George Otto, Exploring St. Patrick’s Confessio (Columba Press, 2004)
                      • ISBN: 1856074358
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Hanson, R.P.C., The Expansion of the Christian Church (SPCK, 1965)
                      • ISBN: 028100434X
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Wilken, Robert, The First Thousand Years (Yale University Press, 2012)
                      • ISBN: 0300118848
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                    • Ferguson, Everett, Church History, Vol. 1 (Zondervan, 2005)
                      • ISBN: 0310205808
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                    • Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church, Vol. 4 (Eerdmans, 1910)
                      • ISBN: 0802881289
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                    • MacNeill, Eoin, Celtic Ireland (Academy Press, 1981)
                      • ISBN: 0906187362
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Penguin Classics, 1990)
                      • ISBN: 014044565X
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • The Holy Bible, ESV (Crossway, 2001)
                      • ISBN: 1433502410
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Augustine, Letter 199, trans. W. Parsons (Catholic University of America Press, 2001)
                      • ISBN: 0813215560
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Lewis, C.S., The Weight of Glory (HarperOne, 1949)
                      • ISBN: 0060653205
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Miller, Calvin, Into the Depths of God (Bethany House, 2000)
                      • ISBN: 0764224263
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • McGrath, Alister, Christian Theology (Blackwell, 2011)
                      • ISBN: 1444335146
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Green, Michael, Evangelism in the Early Church (Eerdmans, 2004)
                      • ISBN: 0802827683
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Kreider, Alan, The Patient Ferment of the Early Church (Baker Academic, 2016)
                      • ISBN: 0801048494
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Keener, Craig, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (IVP, 1993)
                      • ISBN: 0830814051
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Wright, N.T., Paul: A Biography (HarperOne, 2018)
                      • ISBN: 0061730580
                      Buy on Amazon
                    • Thomas, Patrick, Celtic Christianity and Nature (University of Wales Press, 1999)
                      • ISBN: 0708315453
                      Buy on Amazon

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                        Audio Credits

                        • Background Music: “Background Music Soft Calm” by INPLUSMUSIC licensed under Pixabay Content License, available at https://pixabay.com/music/upbeat-background-music-soft-calm-335280/
                        • Crescendo: “Epic Trailer Short 0022 Sec” by BurtySounds, licensed under Pixabay Content License, available at https://pixabay.com/music/main-title-epic-trailer-short-0022-sec-122598/
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                          COACH: Church Origins and Church History courtesy of the That’s Jesus ChannelBy That’s Jesus Channel / Bob Baulch