Everyone knows Aletta Jacobs. Holland's first official female student in 1871. Holland's first female doctor and a fierce advocate of women's rights.

But who knows Charlotte? The second student, but the first female pharmacist? Older than Aletta, but someone who later managed to evade what society expected of her? She deserves them to be more than just 'the sister of...'

This episode was written and researched by Inge de Wilde and Christien Boomsma. Sound by Rob van der Wal. Voice by Tom Wilcox and Giulia Fabrizi.

Want to read more about Charlotte? Check out:

Mineke Bosch, An unwavering belief in justice. Aletta Jacobs 1854-1929 (Amsterdam 2005)

Annette Jenowein, 'Willpower, daring and unflinching zeal. Charlotte Jacobs ( 1847-1916), first female pharmacist in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies (s.p.2019)

Inge de Wilde, New associates in science. Female students and lecturers at the University of Groningen 1871-1919 (Assen 1998)

Inge de Wilde, 'From the rocking chairs. Charlotte Jacobs and her circle in Batavia', in: E. Captain, M. Hellevoort and M. van der Klein (ed.), Familiar and strange. Encounters between the Netherlands, the East Indies and Indonesia (Hilversum 2000) 187-194.