In this Q&A episode, Joe and I tackle three listener questions that touch on concentration risk, major retirement decisions, and entrepreneurship. We start with a new investor wondering whether the AI-dominated stock market requires rethinking traditional index fund strategies, or if diversification is already built in.

From there, we explore a complex 65-year-old’s situation involving Social Security timing, credit card debt, Roth conversions, and a potential six-figure home remodel, all while navigating job loss and the challenges of finding a tenant in California.

We close with questions about the future of employer-sponsored health insurance and how to thoughtfully test small business ideas before fully committing, especially when you want to involve your kids and teach them entrepreneurship. Throughout the episode, we balance short-term needs with long-term strategy, helping listeners make decisions that work for their unique circumstances.

Rachel asks: Should I adjust my index fund strategy to protect against AI concentration risk, or does broad index investing already address this concern? I’m new to investing and want to ensure I’m properly diversified without overreacting to AI market dominance.

Sarah asks: I’m 65, recently lost my job, and have been using credit cards to cover expenses. Should I claim Social Security now or wait? Does it make sense to convert my traditional IRA to a Roth while I’m in the 12% tax bracket? Should I pay off my credit cards or use another balance transfer? And should I spend $300,000 from savings on a full home remodel?

Anonymous asks: Do you think employer-sponsored health insurance will fade away like pensions, or will it remain standard? Also, what frameworks do you recommend for pressure-testing small business ideas before committing, especially when I want to involve my young kids and teach them entrepreneurship?

Index funds already provide diversification across sectors—AI concentration in the market doesn’t necessarily mean you need to change your strategy if you’re investing in broad market index funds.

When deciding whether to claim Social Security early, consider your break-even age, current tax situation, and whether you have other income sources to cover expenses.

Roth conversions during low-income years can be valuable, especially if you’re in the 12% tax bracket and expect to be in higher brackets later.

High expense ratios (like 1.95%) can significantly erode returns over time—evaluate whether actively managed funds are worth the cost compared to low-cost index alternatives.

Before making major spending decisions (like a $300,000 remodel), ensure you have sustainable income and emergency reserves in place.

Employer-sponsored health insurance is likely to remain prevalent, but understanding private insurance options provides important backup knowledge and flexibility.

When testing business ideas, use frameworks like The E-Myth (technician vs. manager vs. entrepreneur) and The Lean Startup (build-measure-learn) to validate concepts before full commitment.

So Good They Can’t Ignore You by Cal Newport

Note: Timestamps are approximate and may vary across listening platforms due to dynamically inserted ads.

(0:00) Introduction

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