Jessica explores the pivotal year 1217 in English history, when a nine-year-old king and his 70-year-old regent knight faced rebellious barons and French invasion. This turning point year shaped England's language, governance, and future through two decisive battles that preserved the nation's independence.

• King John signed but then reneged on the Magna Carta, angering barons who invited French Prince Louis to take the throne
• When King John died, his nine-year-old son Henry III became king with William Marshall as his regent
• The Battle of Lincoln in May 1217 marked a turning point in the First Barons' War
• The Battle of Sandwich (Dover) in August saw English ships capture 65 of 80 French vessels without losing any of their own
• Following these victories, English was reinstated as the official language of England
• William Marshall is considered one of the greatest knights in history by many historians

Jessica’s sources

Adams, S. (2025, August 17). Battle of Sandwich. Encyclopedia Britannica. 

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Sandwich-1217

1217 and the ideals of chivalry – Historia Magazine

Wikipedia

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Music by Tim Crowe