This excerpt from Timothy Snyder's On Tyranny offers twenty concise lessons drawn from twentieth-century history intended to help readers recognize and resist modern authoritarianism. Snyder uses historical examples of fascism and communism to illustrate potential threats to democratic societies and provides actionable advice for individuals to defend institutions, uphold ethical standards, and remain vigilant against tyranny. The text emphasizes the importance of historical awareness, truth, and civic engagement in preserving freedom. Ultimately, it serves as a guide for resisting undemocratic trends by learning from past failures.