In this episode, we’ll explore the opening of Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, focusing on the appearance of Jacob Marley’s ghost. We’ll discuss how Marley’s heavy chains, forged from his greedy life, symbolise the consequences of his actions. We’ll examine his warning to Scrooge about his growing chain and the chance for redemption. Finally, we’ll consider the significance of the three spirits and Scrooge’s vision of other tormented souls, highlighting the misery caused by a life of selfishness.

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